新冠疫情可能永遠改變美國女性的職涯 - 廖綉玉
美國一年多來受到新冠疫情嚴重衝擊,去年4月失業率達14.8%,創下72年來新高,而女性失業人數高於男性。其中一個原因是餐廳、零售業、旅館業等深受疫情衝擊的產業是女性勞工比例高的產業。
美國去年實施全國封鎖措施的數週內,女性失去的工作職位達1130萬個,而截至今年6月,女性失去的工作職位近420萬個,男性為370 萬個。
有色人種的女性受到疫情的衝擊最大,這反映在失業率。女性的失業率高於男性,其中非裔女性及拉美裔女性的失業率最高:根據美國全國婦女法律中心(National Women's Law Center)的數據,女性5月失業率是5.4%,其中非裔女性的失業率為8.2%,拉美裔女性的失業率為7.4%。
根據美國媒體《百合》(The Lily)報導,美國約翰杰刑事司法學院(John Jay College of Criminal Justice)勞動經濟學家霍德(Michelle Holder)表示,美國經濟復甦的種族不平等與性別不平等直接反映了勞動市場先前就已存在的不平等。
霍德表示,疫情可能永遠改變了人們的消費習慣,現在人們比較不願意去實體店面:「女性重新獲得工作需要更長的時間,因為那些受到打擊的產業復甦緩慢。事實上,一些產業可能永遠不會復甦,尤其是零售業。」
女性重回職場較緩慢
目前超過5成美國人口至少接種一劑新冠疫苗,經濟開始復甦,但《百合》指出,過去5個月,女性重返職場的比例遠低於男性,但5 月的就業報告帶來一些好消息,美國5月新增55萬9千個工作機會,超過一半的工作機會流向女性,大多是休閒產業與旅館業。美國全國婦女法律中心預測,按照這個速度,女性恢復因疫情失去的工作機會需要13個月。
美國喬治城大學(Georgetown University)麥考特公共政策學院(McCourt School of Public Policy)克格勒教授(Adriana Kugler)說,「照顧孩子」仍是女性重返職場的主要障礙,3分之1的職業婦女有孩子,而研究顯示其中許多人承擔了疫情帶來的額外家務與照護工作。(相關報導:武漢肺炎風暴》家暴、剝削、經濟損失…BBC:亞洲婦女受害尤深|更多文章)
《百合》指出,對於許多女性來說,由於顧慮到安全或照護費用等因素,薪水根本不足以滿足她們的需求,尤其是她們要回到職場就需要托兒服務或其他照護服務的話。
根據美國企業研究院(American Enterprise Institute)與北卡羅來納州(North Carolina)戴維森學院(Davidson College)的數據,截至 5 月 10 日,一半的學校恢復到校上課,但許多學校仍採用線上授課,這讓許多有孩子的職業婦女仍無法投入全職工作。
克格勒表示:「女性可能會重新從事兼職工作或更多的零工工作,這確實為她們提供彈性,但並不理想。」工時減少意味著收入減少,雖然醫院與零售業等產業的工時較有彈性,但這也代表職場提供的保護與福利較少。
緬因州(Maine)44 歲的納普(Jennifer Knapp)就是如此。2019年9月,她在住家附近的旅館水療中心找到全職接待人員的工作,而她在此前的12年裡一直是全職媽媽。
然而,上班不到7個月,納普就離職了。她說疫情導致業務減少,她的工時一直縮短,主管還拒絕在乾洗手液用完時補充,也拒絕在接待人員及顧客之間安裝壓克力隔板。納普說:「這是一份艱難的工作,我們的薪水嚴重過低。一旦疫情爆發,我們的工作會迅速變得更困難。」
納普是單親媽媽,家裡有2名依賴遠距學習的青少年,其中一個孩子很難適應新科技,因此她覺得自己別無選擇,只能辭職回家。
女性能否享有公平的工作機會?
美國總統拜登(Joe Biden)的「美國就業計畫」(American Jobs Plan)提議在未來8年增加數百萬個建築工作機會及運輸工作機會,這些工作是許多美國人「進入中產階級的途徑」,但傳統上這些工作不僱用女性。霍德說,這種就業機會未必能讓那些因疫情失業的女性受益。(相關報導:武漢肺炎風暴》家暴、剝削、經濟損失…BBC:亞洲婦女受害尤深|更多文章)
雖然拜登政府的「美國家庭計畫」(American Families Plan)旨在擴大兒童照護及教育等女性為主的產業,但霍德懷疑幾乎陷入僵局的國會是否會通過這項法案。
原文:風傳媒
#職場 #社會
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,220的網紅Elise Go,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Surprise IT'S A COVER! I haven't felt inspired enough to make a cover in a pretty long time...until Ariana Grande dropped God is a woman last night, a...
davidson college 在 朱立倫 Facebook 的最佳解答
全民都相當關注美國即將登場的總統大選,連動影響台灣在美中角力下的空間與策略。
「在接下來的美國大選當中,我國政府不能選邊站。」我們一再強調,台灣面對美國局勢應該遵守外交法則不干預他國選舉,才不會將選後的台灣置於險境。
今天特別感謝與我們視訊連線──人在北卡羅萊納州戴維森學院、美中台關係專家任雪麗教授(Prof. Shelley Rigger),帶來的第一手深度剖析!在場青年朋友都收穫良多!
Taiwan pays much attention to the upcoming U.S. presidential election. The result will impact U.S.-China-Taiwan triangular relations and policies that follow suit.
“Our government can’t afford to endorse any particular candidate.” We must abide by the diplomatic etiquette of not meddling with another country’s domestic politics and avoid the risk that it involves.
We are thankful to Prof. Rigger from Davidson College for sharing her first-hand insights with our youth.
davidson college 在 肯腦濕的人生相談室 Facebook 的最讚貼文
恭喜蔡總統展開第二個任期,也恭喜台灣選民見證了一場成功的民主選舉。今年由於疫情的緣故,美國派了一個「虛擬代表團」參加台灣的總統就職典禮。接下來的每一天,AIT將跟各位分享美國代表團的祝賀影片,今天的祝賀影片來自美國戴維森學院教授、傅爾布萊特學者任雪麗(Shelley Rigger)女士。一起來看看吧!
Congratulations to President Tsai for winning a second term and to the Taiwan voters for participating in your impressive democracy. This year, because of COVID-19, the United States sent a “virtual delegation” to the inauguration ceremony. Over the next week, AIT will release a short congratulations video each day from a member of our virtual delegation. Today’s message comes from Shelley Rigger, Fulbright Scholar and Brown Professor of Political Science at Davidson College. #SharedValues #RealFriendsRealProgress #StriveTogetherThriveTogether #真朋友真進展 #共同努力共同得益
davidson college 在 Elise Go Youtube 的最佳貼文
Surprise IT'S A COVER! I haven't felt inspired enough to make a cover in a pretty long time...until Ariana Grande dropped God is a woman last night, and that's all I've been listening to??
Thought I'd put my own spin on the song and sing a piano-vocal version! Let me know in the comments if you'd like to see more covers =)
Thanks for watching ^__^
SUBSCRIBE FOR MOAR: http://bit.ly/2sGrt1u
–––
Follow me on the socialz:
IG: http://instagram.com/nihaoelise
Twitter: http://twitter.com/nihaoelise
FB: http://facebook.com/eliseannecgo
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/5O7fNE2Voyr4B51dh3k6Iw
davidson college 在 Elise Go Youtube 的最讚貼文
This is me trying to switch things up... I was already gonna stay up for the midnight release anyways, so I decided to do a reaction video to Ariana Grande's God is a woman.
Let me just say...
I WAS SHOOK.
I WAS NOT READY.
WE DO NOT DESERVE ARI's ETHEREAL VOCALS.
I can't believe I'm living a world where Ariana Grande is singing about God being a woman & slaying us with her whistle tones and effortless belts.
Thanks for watching ^__^
SUBSCRIBE FOR MOAR: http://bit.ly/2sGrt1u
–––
Follow me on the socialz:
IG: http://instagram.com/nihaoelise
Twitter: http://twitter.com/nihaoelise
FB: http://facebook.com/eliseannecgo
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/5O7fNE2Voyr4B51dh3k6Iw
davidson college 在 TheGRIMFILM Youtube 的精選貼文
A short film by GRIM FILM's newest member, Sidney Chan from WayangTree Productions. The sound of music has an effect on us that not many would realise. Listening to familiar melodies can send us off to a faraway space and time; such as the first time and place we met, spoke, or laughed together.
"Resonance" is an experimental film about conversations through memories and non-linear storytelling. A single conversation takes place across several different locations, parallel to each other, signifying the passage of time and the developing relationship between its two main characters as recalled in memory.
Originally conceived as a simple promotional video for HELP University's FrequenC club's 5th Annual Concert, the project grew to what it is now; shot within 7 days and released just in time to be the concert's opening video on June 4th, 2014. Resonance draws several inspirations from other films; particularly old school Hong Kong dramas and Wong Fu Productions, with Joe Hisaishi's Kikujiro as a point of reference for the theme song (which had been lovingly composed by budding violinist Joshua Lew).
The crew from WayangTree Productions had been a strong supporter of FrequenC, and had collaborated in making short films since 2012.
As the original members had since moved on with their lives and its director Sidney Chan moving on to GRIM FILM, Resonance is WayangTree's final short film, and will remain dormant for an unspecified time.
This film was a race against time and an incredible adventure of chance, new and renewed friendships, and new experiences - it was a first time for the majority of the cast and crew, including the main actors. Every single person had their lasting impact on the development of this film, no matter how big or small. God bless everyone!
Equipments Used:
Camera: Canon 5D3, 6D, 600D
Lenses: 70-200 f2.8 IS II, 24-105L, 50 f1.2
Sound: Senheisser Wireless Microphone, Zoom H6
Handling: Specced Video Tripod, Weifeng Monopod, Manfrotto Monopod
Software: Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Audition
Main Cast:
Kimberly Choo -- Violinist http://instagram.com/kiimsical
Ving Lee - Shop Attendant http://instagram.com/xxvingxx
Fiorella Tjahjono Tan - Little Girl
Wong Tuck Cheong - Old Man (Kelab Seni Filem Malaysia) http://goo.gl/cS5c2D
Crew:
Sidney Chan (Producer,Director,DOP,Editor,Writer) http://instagram.com/thesidneychan http://goo.gl/el57KA
Sherli Li (Executive Producer, Production Assistant, Camera Operator)
Gary Yap (Camera Operator) - My Psychology - http://goo.gl/12dD5o
Mathiban Raj (Camera Operator) - http://goo.gl/scFgNr
Joylene Ling (Camera Operator) http://www.youtube.com/user/jutlin1
Davidson Chan (Sound Recording)
Chong Yu Tatt (BTS, Story Treatment)
Jason Lim (BTS, Story Treatment)
Yvonne Tan (Sound Recording, Production Assistant, Conti)
Sarah Yung Kah Yan (Creative Consultant)
Joshua Lew (Violin Composer, Violin Coach)
Mas Mahathir (Piano Composer, Piano Reprise)
Ray Mak Hon Kit (Piano Reprise)
Nelvin Chee (Script Translator, Cantonese Subtitles)
Wei Xiang aka InYourFaceZeph (Theme Song Mastering)
http://www.youtube.com/user/inyourfacezeph
Special Thanks
Jared Lee - GRIM FILM (For lenses, camera and microphoness) http://goo.gl/oqTe5j
Joylene Ling - JOY Photography (For lenses) https://www.facebook.com/JoyleneLingPhotography
YAMAHA Great Sound Music Academy Sdn Bhd (Space U8) - http://goo.gl/FGbQjO
Sarah Yung Kah Yan (for the initial meeting that led to the final film concept)
Lusi Tjahjono Tan and Family
Ray Mak Hon Kit - http://www.youtube.com/user/makhonkit
InYourFaceMusic - http://goo.gl/FD8Z4i
Kay Lee
Old Town White Coffee (Oasis Square)
Daniel Veerapen http://www.youtube.com/user/DanielVeerapen
FrequenC https://www.facebook.com/frequenc
WayangTree http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwl_XuPIkZ3ok1RXNfCH2sw