微表情不一定反應情緒,而是行為傾向
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關於人類表情的研究,大體分為兩個學派。第一個也是最傳統的學派叫基本情緒論 (Basic emotion theory, BET) ,大多來自神經科學與情緒心理學者,認為表情反應人們內心的感受或情緒。例如,微笑反應當事人內心的愉悅感。另一新興學派叫行為生態論 (Behavioral ecology view of facial displays, BECV),大多來自社會心理學,認為表情反應的是下意識或潛意識的行為傾向與社交語言。例如,微笑可能要取悅互動的另一方。所謂互動的另一方,可能是真人、照片、動物、甚至電腦或機器(例如自拍),或雖獨自一人但腦中正在與別人互動時。
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基本情緒論早期對情緒的分類,大體分為開心、害怕、難過、吃驚、生氣、厭惡與不屑等七大類,經常被用來判斷一個人是否在說謊。有興趣的可以看美國影集-謊言終結者《Lie To Me》或FBI教你讀心術這類書籍。但有愈來愈多心理學家與電腦科學家合作,運用電腦視覺結合AI深度學習 (歸類在情感運算Affective computing的領域),捕捉人們五分之一,甚至四十五分之一秒的臉部動態,又稱作微表情。正常人難以控制 (即微表情不會說謊),卻容易在與他人互動時無意識地展現出來,且不易被肉眼觀察到。但即便是微表情,也不盡然能反應當事人當下的情緒。反之,卻能顯著且高相關地預測一個人下一秒甚至未來一年與他人互動的行為傾向,例如性格(歸類在性格運算 personality computing)或特質與價值觀屬性的職能。因此,結合視訊面訊,開始被用來當作人力資源測評和甄選的工具。
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註: 以下這則報導用86個微表情不太正確,而是臉部86個偵測點 (facial landmarks),這86點在特定情境與時間的動態 (所以是86的86次方),才是微表情。
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來源:
Crivelli, C., Carrera, P., Fernández-Dols, J.M. (2015). Are smiles a sign of happiness? Spontaneous expressions of judo winners. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36, 52–58.
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Fridlund, A.J. (2017). The behavioral ecology view of facial displays, 25 years later. In: Fernández-Dols, J.M., Russell, J.A. (eds.) Oxford Series in Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience. The Science of Facial Expression. pp. 77–92. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2017).
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r3slSJG_7c&t=12s
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過942的網紅Lola Lin 海公主蘿菈教練,也在其Youtube影片中提到,As a storyteller and an educator, I love surrounding myself with thoughtful leaders. To build a better world, I'd love to join The Power of You Journe...
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As a storyteller and an educator, I love surrounding myself with thoughtful leaders. To build a better world, I'd love to join The Power of You Journey with Mel and the team to learn more about the science behind the magic. I'm into neuroscience because it explains why movement is good for our brains and all the emotion we are experiencing daily.
3C's - Clarity, Courage, Confidence are so essential in our daily lives and I look forward to foster them in myself and help people who speaks only Mandarin to rejuvenate the culture
Learning with the community around the world and coaching with making progress in mind are super exciting for me. It would be a rewarding gift if I won this scholarship as I am out of my comfort zone and start being the change I wanna see.
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