【美國挑戰台灣的南海主張?美軍艦執行任務,降低台灣國格?蔡政府應嚴正抗議?】
#這篇有較多國際法專有名詞我們會試著解釋
#仔細服用可避免被號稱國際法大師的中國代表唬住
*本文已投稿至上報,習慣看網頁版的可從這邊收看:https://reurl.cc/bzD4Ko
2月17日,美國海軍第七艦隊驅逐艦拉塞爾號(USS Russel, DDG-59),前往南海執行艦「自由航行任務」,宣稱要挑戰「中國、越南和台灣等南海主權聲索國過度的海事主張,以及對外國軍艦無害通過沿岸國領海的非法限制」。對此,前總統馬英九發出聲明表示,美國海軍說法不正確,且美軍駛入我國領海卻沒通報,有損我國權益。
事實上,2月稍早的時候美軍也執行了一次通過台海並且駛向南海的任務,蔡英文總統於2月9日的公開談話當中表示,美國軍機軍艦執行「自由航行任務」,是明確展現對印太地區安全現狀遭到挑戰的回應。當時現任國民黨高層(副祕書長)就已經出面指出蔡總統沒有抗議美國的自由航行任務,就是損害國格。
到底什麼是自由航行任務?美國為什麼會挑戰台灣的海事主張?美軍駛入了台灣的「領海」又是怎麼回事?真的損害了台灣的國格?
說起來,這一切都跟長時間以來的「大中華」思維有關。
▍1、什麼是自由航行任務?
自由航行任務(Freedom of Navigation Operations,簡稱FONOPs)是美國長期以來堅守的海洋政策,也是美國的核心國家利益之一,自1979年以來即由國防部和國務院共同執行,旨在確保「公海」上的航行及飛行自由,不會受到爭議領土或海盜行為等因素影響,其實也是在挑戰國家過度的海洋主張(excessive maritime claims),例如不符合國際法規範的海域和空域主張,以及對上述兩區域航行自由的過度限制。這樣的任務範圍擴及全球,當然也包括南海。
從公開的資料來看,美國在2015年首次針對中國在南海的行為執行FON任務,從該年起針對中國的任務次數分別是1、3、4、6、8、9(2020年)次,次數增加似乎也反映出美中大國之間的關係變化。除了這些公開的FON任務資訊外,美軍也規律地派出軍艦通過台灣海峽,例如2020年通過13次(本站先前也常常發美軍通過的快訊)。
在今年二月份的通過台海任務之後,第七艦隊發出公告表示:「馬侃艦(USS John S. McCain, DDG-56)航行通過台灣海峽,展現美國對印太地區自由、開放的承諾;美軍將在國際法許可範圍內,持續在世界任何地點飛行、航行、與執行任務。」後來在2月24日美軍又派出了驅逐艦柯蒂斯威爾伯號(USS Curtis Wilbur, DDG-54 )通過台灣海峽,一個月內第二次。
▍2、為什麼美國要挑戰台灣的南海主張?
1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》(以下簡稱《公約》)當中規定,所有船舶均享有通過領海(領海基線與外部界限間寬度為12海里)的權利,不過必須符合第18條「通過」及第19條「無害通過」的意義。簡而言之,「通過」必須繼續不停地前進且不能進入一國的內水(領海基線向陸地以內的水域),「無害通過」則是外國船舶不能對沿海國主權、領土完整等使用任何威脅且必須遵守沿海國的相關規範等,即不損害沿海國的和平和良好秩序。至於軍艦是否也享有領海的無害通過權,《公約》僅在第30條表示軍艦必須遵守沿海國規範,否則沿海國可以立即要求該軍艦離開,至於軍艦要通過是否須先通知沿海國則未有定論。
南海因為存在不同的聲索國(造成不同領海的主張)所以情況很複雜。中國和台灣都宣稱這整片海都是自己的(而且兩國宣稱的範圍還幾乎一樣,也就是所謂的11段線/9段線區域)。此外,中國主張軍艦並不享有無害通過權,因此軍艦的通過必須取得沿海國同意或事先通知;而台灣根據《外國船舶無害通過中華民國領海管理辦法》第14條規定,外國船隻通過「領海」必須事先告知且受國防部全程監控,且《領海及鄰接區法》第7條也規定需先行告知。所以在兩國的實踐下,其他國家的軍艦如果要通過此區,皆需「通報」,且不能夠有危害沿海國和平或違反其相關規定的意圖和行為。不過這就與一般海權國家(最明顯的就是美國與英國)的立場不同,因為這些國家認為軍艦在領海既享有無害通過權、也不需向沿海國報備或取得授權。在不同的認知下,美國認為「軍艦通過沿海國領海需事先通知或取得授權」是不符合國際法規範的,因此才會以「自由航行任務」來挑戰這種主張。
美方新聞稿中說要挑戰「中國、越南和台灣」對此區的非法限制這樣的字句在先前也出現過。2016年1月時,由於馬前總統登上太平島並且宣示#整個南海都是中華民國固有疆域,所以美國國防部隨即發出新聞稿說要挑戰中、台、越限制航行權力與自由的意圖。
相較而言台灣海峽就單純許多。台灣海峽最窄處扣除兩國領海尚有46海里,這範圍不在任何一國主權下是沒有疑慮的。又台灣海峽在地理及功能上皆符合《公約》用於國際航行海峽的規定,理當適用「過境通行權」(限制較「無害通過權」寬鬆,但較公海的自由航行嚴格),但在美國的認知下(且美國並非《公約》締約國),台灣海峽為國際海域中的公海,因此美國派軍艦或軍機行使的是公海的航行和飛越自由。一般而言,美國派遣軍艦通過台灣海峽的目的,除了是進一步宣揚「公海的航行自由」外,也應是在向中國傳達台灣海峽絕不是中國的「內水」。
可惜的是,仍有很多人(尤其泛藍政客)不斷批評美國派軍艦通過台海造成兩岸的緊張,似乎忽略了中國才是造成兩岸關係緊張的主因。近日馬前總統便在南海方面跳出來批評美國,認為美國引用《公約》主張「軍艦可無害通過」,然如前所述,軍艦享有無害通過權與否仍依國家不同而有不同看法,且《公約》何來的明文規定?此外他似乎也忘記了美國會挑戰台灣在南海的宣示,他自己的政策(即宣稱整個南海都是台灣的)便是最直接的原因之一。依照這樣的說法,中國大肆軍事化南海各島礁和填海造陸的行為才是嚴重侵犯我國主權的挑戰,外加三不五時就派軍機軍艦到處繞,為何卻鮮少聽到馬前總統對中國南海行動的批評?
#海洋法公約根本沒有講說通過時要不要通報的問題
#馬辦指責美國錯誤引用有點搞不清錯狀況
▍3、台灣對南海的主張是什麼?
台灣過去在國民黨執政時期,一直都是用模糊處理的方式來面對南海議題,尤其是在宣稱整片海域都是「固有領土」,但從沒講清楚這個固有領土是什麼意思,既不宣稱是「領海」,又說其他國家船艦通過必須通報,而且就連「專屬經濟海域」的範圍也都沒有正式宣告。
這樣的作法可能有幾個原因。
一方面是因為不管是要維繫並執行所謂「主權」或者「專屬經濟海域」的範圍,都需要有足夠的兵力投射補給線來「執法」,而就這部分來說,我們明顯做不到。(光是看距離好了,超過1600公里,要怎麼執法驅逐其他國家的船隻行為?然後如果美國軍艦開過來,又該如何阻止?)
二方面是此區牽涉到太多不同國家的行為者,包括越南、菲律賓、中國等等,每個國家都宣稱此區部份或全部的主權。
三方面是一直無法擺脫所謂中國自古以來歷史水域的這種思維方式,反正就一直講說這整片都我們的,但卻和當代國際法及國際政治嚴重脫節。
先前我國官方的主張都和中國如出一轍,宣稱整片海域都是「中國的」(差別只在於到底是哪個中國,ROC或PRC)。在國際仲裁庭這樣的場合,或者是在許多政策圈的討論當中,特別容易引發誤會。馬前總統這次跳出來批評美國和台灣政府,特別強調美軍通過了我國領海而沒有通報。然而,到底這個「領海」的範圍是在哪邊?還是過去大中國思維下的「整片南海都是我們的」嗎?
如果仔細看馬英九辦公室發出的新聞稿,裡面引了很多法條跟大家說,為什麼通過領海必須要通報,包括我國的《領海及鄰接區法》、《聯合國海洋法公約》等等,內容主要即是批評美國通過我國領海沒申報,以及批評台灣執政者沒有向美國抗議,有損國格。馬辦要求各部會嚴正表態抗議,捍衛主權。但現在問題來了,到底南海的哪一個地方是我國領土?根據什麼樣的要件來證明南海是我們的?哪邊有宣告過?何時曾經執行過這樣的宣告?#從來沒有
當然現在台灣實質控制太平島 — 南海最大的自然生成島嶼,而且也在上面駐軍。但問題是這個島從來沒有被任何國際法庭或者任何其他國家承認為一個「島」,甚至還曾經被國際仲裁庭宣布它「目前」只是個「礁」。先不論國際仲裁庭的法律效力和後續爭議,根據《海洋法公約》第121條,太平島必須先被認定為「島」而不是「礁」,才能夠宣布專屬經濟區(第三項)以及其他領海相關的權益。太平島依據海洋法公約121條第一項,符合低潮時高於水面的定義,但無法維持「人類居住或其本身經濟生活」(並不是只有證明擁有淡水就可以),這類「小島」被賦予一個新名詞叫做「礁」。如果連南海最大的「島」,現階段都不能被判定為國際法上面的島,那要說其他小島是島就更難了。而且重點在於,即便將太平島領海基線往外延伸12海里,也無法據此宣稱整個南海都是我們的。
馬前總統以及過去我國一直用這種「歷史性水域」的方式宣稱擁有南海,這種超現實的說法,除了反美以及附和中國說法(罵美國,說他們引起爭議)之外,沒有任何效果。
▍小結
台灣過去由於「中華民國等於中國」的思維,導致我們鮮少研究官方政策是否與現今國際法相符合,尤其在過去中國國民黨執政下,研究方向更是不可能違背這樣的旨意。這當中以南海政策和釣魚台相關論述為最典型的例子。國際法當中要證明自己的領土,有一定的要件和程序,不是隨便拿個古書出來說上面有講到就可以證明是自己的領土。有很多真正重要的事情,例如針對太平島上是否可以維持人類居住和經濟生活,這樣的定義與要件卻從來沒有人認真研究過。
現在是時候好好投入心力研究,除了釐清自己對南海的主張,針對所謂中國歷史疆界的觀點做改變之外,並且要能夠依據國際局勢發展程度提出不同論述。如果再繼續打模糊仗或者延續大中國思維,那就只會是在為台灣設下更多融入印太戰略以及成為海洋國家的障礙。
蔡英文總統於2月9日的公開談話當中表示,美國軍機軍艦執行「自由航行任務」,是明確展現對印太地區安全現狀遭到挑戰的回應。這樣的動作當然是美方將台灣放在印太戰略重要環節的基本表態,但同時也不把南海視為我國的「領海」。事實上,我國對於南海的官方主張與政策也是時候該好好調整了。
美國執行這樣的自由航行任務,可以視為美國做為一個全球最強霸權國家的象徵,因為要能夠確保航行自由,背後需要軍力投射能力。也沒有哪個國家有辦法像美國一樣動不動就把航母開到世界各個角落。
美國確保航行自由一直以來都是最核心的國家利益之一,並不會受到政黨輪替影響,當中一個重要的考量點就是確保台灣海峽不會成為中共的內水,也要確保南海不會軍事化、受到中共控制。對台灣來說,我們當然不用事事都聽美國的,但是就美國的自由航行任務這兩點最核心考量,何嘗也不符合我國國家安全的最根本利益?
#對親中統派人士來說確保海上航行安全不被中共威脅的重要性很低
#還比不上宣稱中華民國固有疆域這種統一思維的優先性
#這一個月以來美國已經派軍艦通過台海駛向南海
#還宣布兩大航母群在南海演習
#中美對峙持續白熱化和常態化
#然後統派人士繼續罵美國造成緊張以及批評台灣不跟中共和談
🌐 補充
領海跟領空的通過原則不一樣,請參考這篇
【領空?空域?從美國軍機和共軍的新聞來認識「天空」】
https://reurl.cc/WEvvgx
🌐 補充
根據美國之音的報導(https://reurl.cc/v50XON),近期派出船艦通過南海,用明示或暗示方式支持美國主張的國家包括:法、英、加、荷、澳、日。另外,德國也傳出消息,即將在八月份派軍艦到南海。如果真的要依照以前那套整個南海都是「中華民國固有領土及海域」的主張,恐怕要抗議不完了吧 …
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過49萬的網紅JeffHK,也在其Youtube影片中提到,In this vlog I outline the 10 reason why I think Merchant marine is such a great career for youngsters to join. How a sailor can earn 400k USD. Despit...
freedom of navigation operations 在 Tifosi Facebook 的最佳貼文
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Mục đích của các bài đăng là gì? Là muốn "kẹp" Việt Nam vào giữa, bắt Việt Nam vào thế phải chọn lựa. Một là Mỹ nêu ra việc ĐCS Trung Quốc áp đặt tư tưởng bá quyền với các quốc gia láng giềng - trong đó có Việt Nam. Hai, Mỹ và đồng mình đang chống Trung Quốc, tụi mày - Việt Nam, có theo tụi tao không? Lý do, có vẻ như rất đúng và chính đáng nhỉ?
Không ít lần, chính quyền Mỹ thẳng thừng chê bai chủ nghĩa xã hội, ví chủ nghĩa xã hội như những "bóng ma", bao phủ và phá hủy các quốc gia, không tạo ra công lý, không nêu cao sự bình đẳng. Nếu nghe qua, ai cũng biết nhắm vào Trung Quốc, nhưng ngoài Trung Quốc, đó như là một "phát súng" tín hiệu đến các quốc gia khác theo chủ nghĩa cộng sản hoặc chủ nghĩa xã hội. Ngoài ra, trong đoạn phát biểu tại Liên Hợp Quốc, ông Trump còn lồng ghép các yếu tố như phá giá tiền tệ, kiểm soát thị trường, thao túng giá cả hàng hóa... Nghe như là đang phê phán cả Việt Nam, chứ không phải chỉ nhắm vào Trung Quốc.
Việt Nam và người anh em Lào là hai quốc gia theo chế độ xã hội chủ nghĩa có mối quan hệ được cho là "nhàn" trong mối quan hệ với Mỹ. Còn các quốc gia còn lại, như Triều Tiên, Trung Quốc, Cuba hay một số các nước Mỹ Latinh đều có thù địch, đối đầu, tranh chấp ít hay nhiều với Mỹ.
Là một quốc gia nhỏ bé, chịu sự ảnh hưởng của nhiều phe phái và cường quốc, Việt Nam phải thật khôn khéo, không ngả về ai. Với lịch sử hào hùng, người Việt dĩ nhiên sẽ không chọn ngả về phía Trung Quốc, nếu ngả về phía Trung Quốc, thì Mỹ cũng sẽ không để yên. Còn chọn Mỹ, thì liệu gã hàng xóm ồn ào liệu sẽ phản ứng như thế nào?
Nhiều người Việt thực sự ngây thơ, là một quốc gia độc lập tự chủ không muốn, lại muốn trở thành một kẻ nô lệ, trở thành một bình phong chống Trung Quốc. Mỹ sẽ ở bên Việt Nam à? Dám chắc không? Đã bao nhiêu lần ảo tưởng, đã bao nhiều lần thất vọng, vậy mà cứ đứng núi này, trông núi nọ.
Máu thịt của người Việt, dòng máu Lạc Hồng ấy, phải dành để phục vụ nước Việt và người Việt, phải để chống ngoại xâm, thân thể và mồ hôi của người Việt dùng để làm giàu, phát triển kinh tế, xây dựng Tổ Quốc. Chứ không phải là món quà để các cường quốc mặc cả.
Ngược về quá khứ xa hơn, năm 1974, Mỹ đã bỏ mặc cho Trung Quốc chiếm Hoàng Sa để đổi lại việc người Trung Quốc đứng về phía người Mỹ trong cuộc chiến tranh lạnh với Liên Xô. Mỹ ra lệnh ngầm cho quân đội Việt Nam Cộng Hòa không được tái chiếm Hoàng Sa. Trong khi lực lượng hải quân, không quân của Việt Nam Cộng Hòa, theo lời của chính họ, thời điểm đó đang là mạnh thứ tư thế giới. Hay mới đây thôi, chiến tranh thương mại giữa Hàn Quốc và Nhật Bản nổ ra, cả hai đều mong Mỹ trở thành trung gian hòa giải nhưng Mỹ hành động như thể muốn nói: “Việc này éo phải của bố mày”. Mặt khác, Mỹ tuyên bố tăng gấp 5 - 10 lần tiền phí để quân đội Mỹ đồn trú giữ gìn hòa bình tại hai quốc gia này, nếu không thì kiểu gì Triều Tiên cũng sẽ bắn tên lửa lượn qua bầu trời Nhật Bản.
Đài Loan cũng đã từng “thấm đòn” đồng minh giả tạo của Hoa Kỳ. Đầu thập niên 70 của thế kỷ trước, Mỹ và Trung Quốc “ngoại giao bóng bàn” có qua có lại với nhau. Nghị quyết 2758 xác định Liên Hợp Quốc tuyên bố Trung Quốc là thành viên sáng lập Liên Hợp Quốc, bàn giao ghế Ủy viên thường trực Hội đồng Bảo An cho phía Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa (Trung Quốc), đại diện của Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (Đài Loan) rút lui khỏi Liên Hợp Quốc và đến nay vẫn không xin gia nhập lại. Thậm chí, phía Mỹ từng có nghị quyết riêng yêu cầu trục xuất các đại diện của phía Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (Đài Loan) ra khỏi Liên Hợp Quốc mặc dù trước đó mối quan hệ giữa hai phía rất nồng nàn.
Trong thời kỳ chiến tranh Việt Nam, phía Trung Quốc, Nga, Cuba đều có ý định đưa quân chiến đấu trực tiếp tại chiến trường miền Nam Việt Nam, nhưng Việt Nam nói không, có thể tiếp nhận vật lực, hỗ trợ, nhưng Việt Nam khước từ lời đề nghị quân đội quốc gia khác tham gia trực tiếp chiến đấu tại chiến trường miền Nam Việt Nam. Bài học về số phận của bán đảo Triều Tiên để cho phía Trung Quốc và Hoa Kỳ quyết định luôn rất đắt giá.
Thứ hòa bình được ban phát thì cũng có thể bị tước đoạt bất cứ lúc nào.
Mỹ đã từng thất bại tại Việt Nam vì người Mỹ không hiểu người Việt Nam và không biết đến lịch sử Việt Nam. Đến giờ, thất bại tại Việt Nam vẫn là thất bại cay đắng nhất trong lịch sử của quốc gia siêu cường này. Trung Quốc từng là một miếng bánh ngọt được chia bởi các cường quốc và giờ đây, Việt Nam hoàn toàn có thể trở thành một miếng bánh như vậy - nếu chúng ta không khôn khéo.
Và nếu Việt Nam chọn một phe để theo, phe phương Tây hay phương Đông, phe Mỹ hay phe Trung Quốc thì chắc chắn phe còn lại sẽ không để chúng ta yên phận. Bài học Ucraina khi rũ bỏ gấu Nga, ngả về phương Tây rồi hậu quả mà quốc gia này phải chịu là kinh tế ngày càng yếu kém, quyền tự quyết không có, phương Tây không chấp nhận để Ucraina gia nhập EU, bán đảo Krym thì bị gấu Nga thu hồi.
Việt Nam đã đập lộn với Trung Quốc cả ngàn năm nay, Việt Nam rất hiểu Trung Quốc và Trung Quốc cũng rất hiểu Việt Nam. Bực mình thằng hàng xóm thì có thể bán đất để chuyển nhà, nhưng làm sao mà bốc cả đất nước Việt Nam di chuyển đi chỗ khác được? Gần như mọi thế hệ tương lai của chúng ta đều phải sống cạnh Trung Quốc, vì thế, phải khéo.
Mới cách đây mấy chục năm thôi, Mỹ cũng đã gây ra bao thương đau cho người Việt. Nhưng giờ đây, Mỹ - Việt đang trải qua những năm tháng khá là nồng ấm, nhưng dù thế nào, thì không được quên quá khứ, phải gác lại để hướng đến tương lai,
Tuy mềm nhưng vẫn cứng, nghèo chứ không hèn. Bản thân là một nước nhỏ bé, lại đang phát triển, lực còn yếu thì phải nhịn, chứ không thể nói đánh là đánh, giờ nếu mà đòi đánh Trung Quốc, đến cả Mỹ hay Nga còn chưa dám nói phần thắng trước Trung Quốc nữa là. Mấy anh xăm trổ hay ba que thì nói cái gì cũng hay, chiến tranh có phải đơn giản như việc oai cóc tía trên Youtube đâu?
Người nào muốn Việt Nam theo Mỹ thì cứ nhìn bài học của Philippines hay Ucraina đấy. Người anh em hàng xóm Philippines đó, theo Mỹ, tự tin rằng Mỹ sẽ giúp giữ đảo, tuyên bố rõ ràng là sẽ gọi cho Mỹ nếu bị Trung Quốc xâm phạm. Nhưng rồi, ngoài những lời ca ngợi “Chính phủ dũng cảm”, thì đảo không giữ được, tiếng nói cũng vô vọng. Năm nào, Mỹ cũng lượn lờ ở Biển Đông bằng lý lẽ tự do hàng hải, tự do thương mại và để thực thi quyền và lợi ích quốc tế. Thậm chí, Mỹ còn dàn xếp hẳn một chiến dịch liên quan là FONOPs (Freedom Of Navigation Operations). Động thái của Mỹ không khác gì việc nhắc nhở mấy nước nhỏ nhỏ rằng: Ở Biển Đông, ngoài Trung Quốc ra còn có bọn tao đấy, chúng mày liệu mà chọn phe.
Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh từng nói đại ý rằng người Việt không sợ hãi trước người Mỹ hay người Pháp và người Việt sẵn sàng chào đón người Pháp thông qua ngoại giao bình đẳng. Bác cũng thẳng thắn nói rằng việc Việt Nam nhận sự trợ giúp của anh em các nước XHCN nhưng không gây ra xung đột ý thức hệ giữa Liên Xô và Trung Quốc. Và khi được hỏi, liệu Bắc Việt có trở thành một vệ tinh của Trung Quốc không? Câu trả lời là: Không.
Tương tự, liệu Việt Nam có chấp nhận gia nhập một liên minh chống Trung Quốc không? Câu trả lời cũng là: Không.
#tifosi
freedom of navigation operations 在 馮智政 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【對華政策的範式轉移】絕對是歷史性講話.
#成萬字 #萬言書 #頹譯都譯死人
----小弟頹譯------
蓬佩奧:謝謝。謝謝你們。州長,您的慷慨介紹。的確是這樣:當您在那個體育館裡散步時,說出“蓬佩奧”的名字,人們就會耳語。因為,我有一個兄弟,Mark,他是一個非常好,一位非常出色的籃球運動員。
請為藍鷹榮譽衛隊(Blue Eagles Honor Guard)及飛行員Kayla Highsmith下士對國歌的精彩演繹給多一次掌聲如何? (掌聲)
也要感謝Laurie牧師那動人的祈禱,我還要感謝Hugh Hewitt和尼克遜基金會的邀請讓我在這個重要的美國機構發言。很高興能受空軍人員演唱,由海軍陸戰隊介紹,讓個一個陸軍傢伙站在海軍傢伙的房子前面。 (笑聲)(按蓬佩奧曾在美國陸軍服役 )一切都很好。
很榮幸來到Yorba Linda,尼克遜的父親在那裡建立了他出生和成長的房屋。
在這困難時刻,使今天成為可能的尼克遜中心董事會和工作人員,感謝,感謝我和我的團隊使這一天成為可能。
我們很幸運能在觀眾中見到一些特別的嘉賓,包括我認識的Chris Nixon (尼克遜的孫,Christopher Nixon Cox)。我還要感謝Tricia Nixon和Julie Nixon Eisenhower (尼克遜兩位女兒)對這次訪問的支持。
我還想提一提幾位勇敢的中國持不同政見者,他們長途跋涉並出席。其他尊貴的客人-(掌聲)-尊貴的客人,謝謝您的光臨。那些在帳篷下的人,您們必須支付額外的費用(笑)。
以及那些正在觀看直播的人,感謝您的收看。
最後,正如州長所說,我在Santa Ana出生,離這裡不遠。今天有我的姐姐和她的丈夫在聽眾中。謝謝大家的光臨。我敢打賭,您從沒想過我會站在這裡。
我今天的講話是我在一系列中國演講中的第四組講話,我請國家安全顧問Robert O’Brien,聯邦調查局局長Chris Wray和司法部長Barr陪同我發言。
我們有一個非常明確的目標,一個實在的任務。這是在解釋美國與中國關係的不同方面,數十年來這種關係中出現的巨大失衡以及中國共產黨所計劃的霸權。
我們的目標是明確指出,特朗普總統的中國政策正在解決的對美國人的威脅是明顯的,並且我們正確立保障自由的戰略。Robert O’Brien談到了意識形態。聯邦調查局局長Wray談到了間諜活動。司法部長Barr談到了經濟學。現在,我今天的目標是將這一切匯總給美國人民,並詳細說明中國的威脅對我們的經濟,我們的自由,乃至全球自由民主國家的未來的衝擊。
自基辛格(Kissinger)博士秘密訪問中國以來,到明年已經過去了半個世紀,而尼克松總統訪華50週年也就在2022年。
那時世界大不一樣了。
我們以為與中國交往(engagement)將創造一個帶有友好合作前景的美好未來。
但是今天—今天我們仍然戴著口罩,看著疫性的死亡人數仍在增加,因為中共對世界的承諾沒有兌現。我們每天早上都在讀到鎮壓香港和新疆的新聞消息。
我們看到的中國貿易濫用行為的驚人數字使美國失去了工作,並給整個美國經濟帶來了沉重打擊,包括南加州。而且我們正在看著一支越來越強大,甚至更具威脅性的中國軍隊。
從加利福尼亞州到我的家鄉堪薩斯州以及其他地區,我都有著與美國人心中的疑問:從與中國交往至今,美國人民這50年見到了什麼?
領袖們曾說過的中國邁向自由與民主發展的理論是否正確?
這是中國對 "雙贏" 局面的定義嗎?
實際上,從國務卿的角度來看,美國更安全嗎?我們是否有更大的可能為我們自己實現和平,並為我們之後的子孫後代享有和平?
看,我們必須承認一個硬道理。我們必須承認一個硬道理,它將指導我們在未來幾十年中發展,如果我們要擁有一個自由的21世紀,而不是習近平夢想的中國世紀,那麼與中國盲目交往的舊範式坦白說是沒有贏的機會。我們決不能在此繼續,也絕不能重返。
正如特朗普總統已明確指出的那樣,我們需要一項保護美國經濟乃至我們生活方式的戰略。自由世界必須戰勝這一新的暴政。 The free world must triumph over this new tyranny.
現在,在我似乎不太希望拆除尼克遜總統的遺產之前,我想明確地說,他做了當時他認為最適合美國人民的事情,而且他很可能是對的。
他是中國的傑出學生,冷酷的勇士和中國人民的偉大仰慕者,正如我們一樣。
他意識到中國太重要而不能忽視,即使國力由於自身的共產主義野蠻行為而被削弱。這值得尼克遜給予極大的讚譽。
1967年,尼克遜在一篇非常著名的外交事務文章中解釋了他的未來戰略。
他的話是這樣的:他說:“從長遠來看,我們根本無法永遠把中國留在國際大家庭之外……在中國改變之前,世界不會安全。因此,我們的目標是 —在可能的範圍內,我們必須作出影響,而我們的目標應該是促使改變。”
我認為這是整篇文章中的關鍵詞:“促使改變”。
因此,在歷史性的北京之行中,尼克遜總統開始了我們的交住戰略。他崇高地尋求一個更自由,更安全的世界,並希望中國共產黨能兌現這一承諾。
隨著時間的流逝,美國決策者越來越多地認為,隨著中國變得更加繁榮,它將會對外開放,它會在國內變得更加自由,而實際上在國外所面臨的威脅卻越來越小,它將變得更加友好。這一切似乎都是不可避免的。
但是那個必然的時代已經過去了。我們一直在進行的這種交往並沒有帶來尼克遜總統希望所引起的中國內部的變化。事實是,我們的政策以及其他自由國家的政策使中國經濟從衰落得以恢復,但北京反咬了養活它的國際力量。
我們曾向中國公民張開雙臂,只是看到中國共產黨利用我們的自由開放社會。中國派宣傳員參加了我們的新聞發布會,研究中心,高中,大學,甚至參加了家長教師會議。
我們將台灣的朋友邊緣化,後來台灣蓬勃發展為積極的民主國家。
我們給中國共產黨和政權本身以特殊的經濟待遇,只是看到中共堅持以對其人權侵犯保持沉默作為讓西方公司進入中國市場的代價。
前一天,Robert O’Brien大使舉了幾個例子:萬豪,美國航空,達美航空,聯合航空都從其公司網站上刪除了對台灣的提及,以免激怒北京。在荷里活,這裏的不遠處,距離美國創作自由的中心和自命為社會正義的仲裁者,他們的自我審查可說是對中國發展最不利的參考。
公司對CCP的默許也發生在世界各地。
這種企業忠誠度如何運作?奉承會得到獎勵嗎?讓我引述Barr總檢察長在講話。他在上週的一次演講中說:“中國統治者的最終野心不是與美國進行貿易。是要略奪美國。”
中國剝奪了我們寶貴的知識產權和商業機密,損失了在美國各地了數百萬個就業機會。它從美國吸走了供應鏈,然後添加了一個由奴隸制度製成的小工具。
它使世界上主要的水路對國際貿易而言變得不那麼安全。
尼克遜總統曾經說過,他擔心自己通過向中共開放世界而創造了一個“科學怪人”,這正是如此。
現在,有誠信的人可以辯論為什麼自由國家允許這些年來,這些不好的事情發生。也許我們對中國的惡毒的共產主義幼稚,或者在我們在冷戰勝利後變得自大,或者軟弱的資本主義者被北京所說的“和平崛起”所愚昧。
無論出於何種原因—無論出於何種原因,今天的中國在國內都越來越專制,並開始對其他地方的自由作出干預。
特朗普總統說:夠了。
我不認為兩派的人對我今天所說的事實提出異議。但是即使到現在,也有人堅持認為,為了對話而對話。
現在,要明確地說,我們將繼續討論。但是這些對話的意義是不同的。幾週前,我去了檀香山,與楊潔篪見面。
這是同樣的古老故事—說了很多話,但實際上沒有任何改變任何行為的提議。
楊的承諾,就像中共在他面前做出的許多承諾一樣,都是空洞的。我想,他的期望是我會屈服於他們的要求,因為坦率地說,這是許多前任政府所做的。我沒有,特朗普總統也不會。正如O’Brien很好地解釋的那樣,我們必須記住,中共政權是馬克思列寧主義政權。習近平堅信這已破產的極權主義思想。
正是這種意識形態,正是這種意識形態反映了他數十年來對全球共產主義中國霸權的渴望。美國再也不能忽視我們兩國之間的根本政治和意識形態差異,就像中共從來沒有忽視它們一樣。
以我在眾議院情報委員會,然後擔任中央情報局局長,以及擔任美國國務卿兩年多的經驗,使我對這種中央理解成為可能:
唯一的方式 — 真正改變共產主義中國的唯一方法,不是對中國領導人聽其言,而是觀其行。您會看到美國政策對此結論做出了回應。列根總統說,他是在“信任但要核實”的基礎上與蘇聯打交道的。關於中共,我說我們必須"不信任和核查"。 (掌聲)
我們,世界上熱愛自由的國家,必須像尼克遜總統所希望的那樣,促使中國發生變化。我們必須促使中國以更具創造性和果斷性的方式進行變革,因為北京的行動威脅著我們的人民和我們的繁榮。
我們必須首先改變我們的人民和我們的伙伴對中國共產黨的看法。我們必須說實話。我們不能像其他任何國家一樣,把這個假象視為正常國家。
我們知道,與中國進行貿易不像與一個正常的,遵守法律的國家進行貿易。北京威脅將國際協議視為—將協議視為建議,以作為主導全球的渠道。
但是,通過堅持公平條款,就像我們的貿易代表在獲得第一階段貿易協議時所做的那樣,我們可以迫使中國考慮其知識產權盜竊和損害美國工人的政策。
我們也知道,與擁有CCP支持的公司開展業務與與一家加拿大公司開展業務不同。他們不回答獨立委員會的問題,而且其中許多是由國家贊助的,因此無需追求利潤。
華為就是一個很好的例子。我們不再假裝華為是一家無辜的電信公司,它的出現是為了確保您可以和朋友聊天。我們稱其為真正的國家安全威脅,並為採取了相應的行動。
我們也知道,如果我們的公司在中國投資,他們可能會有意或無意地支持共產黨嚴重侵犯人權的行為。
因此,我們的美國財政部和商務部已批准並將那些危害和濫用世界人民最基本權利的中國領導人和實體列入黑名單。多個部門已就商業諮詢機構合作,以確保我們的CEO了解其供應鏈在中國境內的工作。
我們也知道,我們也知道並非所有的中國學生和僱員都只是來這裡賺錢和積累一些知識的普通學生和工人。他們太多人來這裡竊取我們的知識產權並將其帶回自己的國家。司法部和其他機構已對這些罪行進行了嚴厲的懲罰。
我們知道,解放軍也不是正規軍。其目的是維護中國共產黨精英的絕對統治,擴大中國帝國,而不是保護中國人民。
因此,美國國防部加大了工作力度,擴大了在東,南海以及台灣海峽以及整個海峽的航行操作自由。我們還建立了一支太空部隊,以幫助阻止中國對這一最後邊界的侵略。
同樣,坦率地說,我們在美國國務院制定了一套與中國打交道的新政策,推動特朗普總統實現公正與互惠的目標,以改寫幾十年來不斷加劇的失衡。
就在本週,我們宣布關閉在休斯敦的中國領事館,因為它是間諜和知識產權盜竊的樞紐。 (掌聲)
兩週前,我們在南中國海扭轉了過去八年忽略的國際法權益。
我們呼籲中國限制其核能力以適應當今時代的戰略現實。
國務院- 在世界各地,各個層面- 都與中國同行進行了交流,只是要求公平和互惠。
但是我們的方法不只是要變得強硬。那不可能達到我們想要的結果。我們還必須與中國人民互動並賦予他們權力,他們是一個充滿活力,熱愛自由的人民,他們與中國共產黨完全不同。首先是面對面的外交。 (掌聲)
無論我走到哪裡,我都遇到了有才華和勤奮的中國人。我遇過逃離新疆集中營的維吾爾族和哈薩克族。我曾與香港的民主領袖進行了交談,有陳日君樞機到黎智英。兩天前,我在倫敦會見了香港自由戰士羅冠聰。
上個月在我的辦公室裡,我聽到了天安門廣場倖存者的故事。其中之一今天在這裡。王丹是一名關鍵學生,他從未停止為中國人民爭取自由。王先生,請您站起來,以便我們見到您嗎? (掌聲)
今天與我們同在的還有中國民主運動之父魏京生。他在中國的勞改營度過了幾十年的時間。魏先生,你能站起來嗎? (掌聲)
我成長及服役於冷戰時期。如果我學到一件事,共產黨人幾乎總是撒謊。他們告訴我們的最大謊言是,他們認為自己能代表14億被監視,壓迫和害怕說出來的人。
恰恰相反。中共比任何敵人都更擔心中國人民的誠實觀點,失去對權力的控制。
試想一下,如果我們能夠從武漢的醫生那裡聽到他們的來信,並且允許他們對新疫病的爆發發出警報,那麼世界會變得更好—更不用說中國內部的人了。
幾十年來,我們的領袖一直無視,淡化勇敢的中國異見者的話,他們警告過我們所面對之政權。
我們不能再忽略它了。他們與任何人一樣知道我們永遠無法回到現狀。
但是改變中共的舉動並不單單是中國人民的使命。自由國家必須努力捍衛自由。這不是簡單的事情。
但是我有信心我們可以做到。我有信心,因為我們以前做過。我們知道這是怎麼回事。我有信心,因為中共正在重複蘇聯犯下的一些同樣的錯誤-疏遠潛在的盟友,破壞國內外的信任,拒絕財產權和法治。
我有信心。我之所以有信心,是因為我看到其他國家之間的覺醒,他們知道我們無法回到過去,美國亦如是。我從布魯塞爾,悉尼到河內都聽說過。
最重要的是,我相信我們可以捍衛自由,因為自由本身是漂亮的。
看看香港人因中共加強對這個驕傲城市的控制,要移居海外。他們揮舞著美國國旗。
是的,確實有差異。與蘇聯不同,中國已深入融入全球經濟。但是,北京對我們依賴,甚於我們依賴他們。 (掌聲)
瞧,我拒絕相信我們生活在一個不可避免中國的時代,某些陷阱(按:修昔底德陷阱)是預設的,中共至上是未來。我們的方法不是注定失敗的,因為美國正在衰落。正如我在今年早些時候在慕尼黑說的那樣,自由世界仍在勝利的一方。我們只需要相信它,就明白它並為此感到自豪。來自世界各地的人們仍然希望加入開放社會。他們來到這裡學習,來到這里工作,來到這里為家人謀生。他們並不想留在中國。
是時候了。今天很高興來到這裡。這是完美的時機。現在是自由國家採取行動的時候了。並非每個國家都將以同樣的方式對待中國,也不應該。每個國家都必須對如何保護自己的主權,如何保護自己的經濟繁榮以及如何保護自己的理想不受中國共產黨的觸碰而有所了解。
但是我呼籲每個國家的每一個領導人—如美國所先行的—簡單地堅持互惠,堅持中國共產黨的透明度和問責制。
這些簡單而強大的標準將取得很大的成就。太長時間了,我們讓中共制定交往條款,但不再這樣做。自由國家必須定下基調。
我們必須遵循相同的原則。我們必須在沙子上劃出共同的界線,而這不能被中共的討價還價或他們的野蠻沖走。確實,這就是美國最近所做的事情,因為我們一勞永逸地拒絕了中國在南中國海的非法主張,因為我們已敦促各國成為廉潔國家,以免其公民的私人信息落在手裡中國共產黨。我們通過制定標準來做到這一點。
現在,這確實很困難。對於一些小國家來說很難。他們害怕被人欺負。因此,其中一些人根本沒有能力,沒有勇氣暫時與我們站在一起。的確,我們與北約的盟友並未以其對香港的立場站起來,因為他們擔心北京會限制中國市場的准入。這種膽怯會導致歷史性的失敗,我們無法重複。
我們不能重複過去幾年的錯誤。中國面臨的挑戰要求民主國家發揮作用和精力,民主國家包括歐洲,非洲,南美,尤其是印度太平洋地區。
而且,如果我們現在不採取行動,那麼中共最終將侵蝕我們的自由,並顛覆我們的社會努力建立的基於法規的秩序。如果我們現在屈膝,我們孩子的孩子可能會受到中國共產黨的擺佈,中國共產黨的行動是當今自由世界中的主要挑戰。
習近平總書記註定不會永遠在中國內外施暴,除非我們允許
現在,這與圍堵無關。不要相信這策略。這是我們從未遇到過的複雜的新挑戰。蘇聯與自由世界隔絕了。共產主義中國已經在我們的邊界之內。
因此,我們不能獨自面對這一挑戰。聯合國,北約,七國集團國家,二十國集團,我們的經濟,外交和軍事力量合力,如果我們清楚明確地並勇往直前,無疑足以應付這一挑戰。
也許是時候讓志趣相投的國家組成一個新的團體,一個新的民主國家聯盟了。
我們有工具。我知道我們可以做到。現在我們需要意志。引用聖經經文,我問“要警醒禱告,免得陷入試探。你們心靈雖然願意,肉體卻是軟弱的。”
如果自由世界沒有改變 —沒有改變,共產主義中國一定會改變我們。無法因為舒適或便利而返回到過去的做法。
確保我們脫離中國共產黨的自由是我們這個時代的使命,而美國完全有能力領導它,
因為我們的建國原則為我們提供了這一機會。正如我上週在費城站立時所看到的那樣,注視著獨立廳,我們的國家建立在所有人類都擁有不可剝奪的某些權利的前提下。
確保這些權利是我們政府的工作。這是一個簡單而有力的真理。它使我們成為全世界人民的自由燈塔,包括中國境內的人。
確實,尼克遜在1967年寫道“除非中國改變,否則世界是不安全的”是正確的。現在我們該聽他的話了。
今天的危機已經明確了。
今天,覺醒正在發生。
今天,自由世界必須作出回應。
我們永遠無法回到過去。
願上帝保佑你們每個人。
願上帝保佑中國人民。'
願上帝保佑美利堅合眾國人民。
謝謝你們。(掌聲)
Thank you. Thank you all. Thank you, Governor, for that very, very generous introduction. It is true: When you walk in that gym and you say the name “Pompeo,” there is a whisper. I had a brother, Mark, who was really good – a really good basketball player.
And how about another round of applause for the Blue Eagles Honor Guard and Senior Airman Kayla Highsmith, and her wonderful rendition of the national anthem? (Applause.)
Thank you, too, to Pastor Laurie for that moving prayer, and I want to thank Hugh Hewitt and the Nixon Foundation for your invitation to speak at this important American institution. It was great to be sung to by an Air Force person, introduced by a Marine, and they let the Army guy in in front of the Navy guy’s house. (Laughter.) It’s all good.
It’s an honor to be here in Yorba Linda, where Nixon’s father built the house in which he was born and raised.
To all the Nixon Center board and staff who made today possible – it’s difficult in these times – thanks for making this day possible for me and for my team.
We are blessed to have some incredibly special people in the audience, including Chris, who I’ve gotten to know – Chris Nixon. I also want to thank Tricia Nixon and Julie Nixon Eisenhower for their support of this visit as well.
I want to recognize several courageous Chinese dissidents who have joined us here today and made a long trip.
And to all the other distinguished guests – (applause) – to all the other distinguished guests, thank you for being here. For those of you who got under the tent, you must have paid extra.
And those of you watching live, thank you for tuning in.
And finally, as the governor mentioned, I was born here in Santa Ana, not very far from here. I’ve got my sister and her husband in the audience today. Thank you all for coming out. I bet you never thought that I’d be standing up here.
My remarks today are the fourth set of remarks in a series of China speeches that I asked National Security Advisor Robert O’Brien, FBI Director Chris Wray, and the Attorney General Barr to deliver alongside me.
We had a very clear purpose, a real mission. It was to explain the different facets of America’s relationship with China, the massive imbalances in that relationship that have built up over decades, and the Chinese Communist Party’s designs for hegemony.
Our goal was to make clear that the threats to Americans that President Trump’s China policy aims to address are clear and our strategy for securing those freedoms established.
Ambassador O’Brien spoke about ideology. FBI Director Wray talked about espionage. Attorney General Barr spoke about economics. And now my goal today is to put it all together for the American people and detail what the China threat means for our economy, for our liberty, and indeed for the future of free democracies around the world.
Next year marks half a century since Dr. Kissinger’s secret mission to China, and the 50th anniversary of President Nixon’s trip isn’t too far away in 2022.
The world was much different then.
We imagined engagement with China would produce a future with bright promise of comity and cooperation.
But today – today we’re all still wearing masks and watching the pandemic’s body count rise because the CCP failed in its promises to the world. We’re reading every morning new headlines of repression in Hong Kong and in Xinjiang.
We’re seeing staggering statistics of Chinese trade abuses that cost American jobs and strike enormous blows to the economies all across America, including here in southern California. And we’re watching a Chinese military that grows stronger and stronger, and indeed more menacing.
I’ll echo the questions ringing in the hearts and minds of Americans from here in California to my home state of Kansas and beyond:
What do the American people have to show now 50 years on from engagement with China?
Did the theories of our leaders that proposed a Chinese evolution towards freedom and democracy prove to be true?
Is this China’s definition of a win-win situation?
And indeed, centrally, from the Secretary of State’s perspective, is America safer? Do we have a greater likelihood of peace for ourselves and peace for the generations which will follow us?
Look, we have to admit a hard truth. We must admit a hard truth that should guide us in the years and decades to come, that if we want to have a free 21st century, and not the Chinese century of which Xi Jinping dreams, the old paradigm of blind engagement with China simply won’t get it done. We must not continue it and we must not return to it.
As President Trump has made very clear, we need a strategy that protects the American economy, and indeed our way of life. The free world must triumph over this new tyranny.
Now, before I seem too eager to tear down President Nixon’s legacy, I want to be clear that he did what he believed was best for the American people at the time, and he may well have been right.
He was a brilliant student of China, a fierce cold warrior, and a tremendous admirer of the Chinese people, just as I think we all are.
He deserves enormous credit for realizing that China was too important to be ignored, even when the nation was weakened because of its own self-inflicted communist brutality.
In 1967, in a very famous Foreign Affairs article, Nixon explained his future strategy. Here’s what he said:
He said, “Taking the long view, we simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside of the family of nations…The world cannot be safe until China changes. Thus, our aim – to the extent we can, we must influence events. Our goal should be to induce change.”
And I think that’s the key phrase from the entire article: “to induce change.”
So, with that historic trip to Beijing, President Nixon kicked off our engagement strategy. He nobly sought a freer and safer world, and he hoped that the Chinese Communist Party would return that commitment.
As time went on, American policymakers increasingly presumed that as China became more prosperous, it would open up, it would become freer at home, and indeed present less of a threat abroad, it’d be friendlier. It all seemed, I am sure, so inevitable.
But that age of inevitability is over. The kind of engagement we have been pursuing has not brought the kind of change inside of China that President Nixon had hoped to induce.
The truth is that our policies – and those of other free nations – resurrected China’s failing economy, only to see Beijing bite the international hands that were feeding it.
We opened our arms to Chinese citizens, only to see the Chinese Communist Party exploit our free and open society. China sent propagandists into our press conferences, our research centers, our high-schools, our colleges, and even into our PTA meetings.
We marginalized our friends in Taiwan, which later blossomed into a vigorous democracy.
We gave the Chinese Communist Party and the regime itself special economic treatment, only to see the CCP insist on silence over its human rights abuses as the price of admission for Western companies entering China.
Ambassador O’Brien ticked off a few examples just the other day: Marriott, American Airlines, Delta, United all removed references to Taiwan from their corporate websites, so as not to anger Beijing.
In Hollywood, not too far from here – the epicenter of American creative freedom, and self-appointed arbiters of social justice – self-censors even the most mildly unfavorable reference to China.
This corporate acquiescence to the CCP happens all over the world, too.
And how has this corporate fealty worked? Is its flattery rewarded? I’ll give you a quote from the speech that General Barr gave, Attorney General Barr. In a speech last week, he said that “The ultimate ambition of China’s rulers isn’t to trade with the United States. It is to raid the United States.”
China ripped off our prized intellectual property and trade secrets, causing millions of jobs[1] all across America.
It sucked supply chains away from America, and then added a widget made of slave labor.
It made the world’s key waterways less safe for international commerce.
President Nixon once said he feared he had created a “Frankenstein” by opening the world to the CCP, and here we are.
Now, people of good faith can debate why free nations allowed these bad things to happen for all these years. Perhaps we were naive about China’s virulent strain of communism, or triumphalist after our victory in the Cold War, or cravenly capitalist, or hoodwinked by Beijing’s talk of a “peaceful rise.”
Whatever the reason – whatever the reason, today China is increasingly authoritarian at home, and more aggressive in its hostility to freedom everywhere else.
And President Trump has said: enough.
I don’t think many people on either side of the aisle dispute the facts that I have laid out today. But even now, some are insisting that we preserve the model of dialogue for dialogue’s sake.
Now, to be clear, we’ll keep on talking. But the conversations are different these days. I traveled to Honolulu now just a few weeks back to meet with Yang Jiechi.
It was the same old story – plenty of words, but literally no offer to change any of the behaviors.
Yang’s promises, like so many the CCP made before him, were empty. His expectations, I surmise, were that I’d cave to their demands, because frankly this is what too many prior administrations have done. I didn’t, and President Trump will not either.
As Ambassador O’Brien explained so well, we have to keep in mind that the CCP regime is a Marxist-Leninist regime. General Secretary Xi Jinping is a true believer in a bankrupt totalitarian ideology.
It’s this ideology, it’s this ideology that informs his decades-long desire for global hegemony of Chinese communism. America can no longer ignore the fundamental political and ideological differences between our countries, just as the CCP has never ignored them.
My experience in the House Intelligence Committee, and then as director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and my now two-plus years as America’s Secretary of State have led me to this central understanding:
That the only way – the only way to truly change communist China is to act not on the basis of what Chinese leaders say, but how they behave. And you can see American policy responding to this conclusion. President Reagan said that he dealt with the Soviet Union on the basis of “trust but verify.” When it comes to the CCP, I say we must distrust and verify. (Applause.)
We, the freedom-loving nations of the world, must induce China to change, just as President Nixon wanted. We must induce China to change in more creative and assertive ways, because Beijing’s actions threaten our people and our prosperity.
We must start by changing how our people and our partners perceive the Chinese Communist Party. We have to tell the truth. We can’t treat this incarnation of China as a normal country, just like any other.
We know that trading with China is not like trading with a normal, law-abiding nation. Beijing threatens international agreements as – treats international suggestions as – or agreements as suggestions, as conduits for global dominance.
But by insisting on fair terms, as our trade representative did when he secured our phase one trade deal, we can force China to reckon with its intellectual property theft and policies that harmed American workers.
We know too that doing business with a CCP-backed company is not the same as doing business with, say, a Canadian company. They don’t answer to independent boards, and many of them are state-sponsored and so have no need to pursue profits.
A good example is Huawei. We stopped pretending Huawei is an innocent telecommunications company that’s just showing up to make sure you can talk to your friends. We’ve called it what it is – a true national security threat – and we’ve taken action accordingly.
We know too that if our companies invest in China, they may wittingly or unwittingly support the Communist Party’s gross human rights violations.
Our Departments of Treasury and Commerce have thus sanctioned and blacklisted Chinese leaders and entities that are harming and abusing the most basic rights for people all across the world. Several agencies have worked together on a business advisory to make certain our CEOs are informed of how their supply chains are behaving inside of China.
We know too, we know too that not all Chinese students and employees are just normal students and workers that are coming here to make a little bit of money and to garner themselves some knowledge. Too many of them come here to steal our intellectual property and to take this back to their country.
The Department of Justice and other agencies have vigorously pursued punishment for these crimes.
We know that the People’s Liberation Army is not a normal army, too. Its purpose is to uphold the absolute rule of the Chinese Communist Party elites and expand a Chinese empire, not to protect the Chinese people.
And so our Department of Defense has ramped up its efforts, freedom of navigation operations out and throughout the East and South China Seas, and in the Taiwan Strait as well. And we’ve created a Space Force to help deter China from aggression on that final frontier.
And so too, frankly, we’ve built out a new set of policies at the State Department dealing with China, pushing President Trump’s goals for fairness and reciprocity, to rewrite the imbalances that have grown over decades.
Just this week, we announced the closure of the Chinese consulate in Houston because it was a hub of spying and intellectual property theft. (Applause.)
We reversed, two weeks ago, eight years of cheek-turning with respect to international law in the South China Sea.
We’ve called on China to conform its nuclear capabilities to the strategic realities of our time.
And the State Department – at every level, all across the world – has engaged with our Chinese counterparts simply to demand fairness and reciprocity.
But our approach can’t just be about getting tough. That’s unlikely to achieve the outcome that we desire. We must also engage and empower the Chinese people – a dynamic, freedom-loving people who are completely distinct from the Chinese Communist Party.
That begins with in-person diplomacy. (Applause.) I’ve met Chinese men and women of great talent and diligence wherever I go.
I’ve met with Uyghurs and ethnic Kazakhs who escaped Xinjiang’s concentration camps. I’ve talked with Hong Kong’s democracy leaders, from Cardinal Zen to Jimmy Lai. Two days ago in London, I met with Hong Kong freedom fighter Nathan Law.
And last month in my office, I heard the stories of Tiananmen Square survivors. One of them is here today.
Wang Dan was a key student who has never stopped fighting for freedom for the Chinese people. Mr. Wang, will you please stand so that we may recognize you? (Applause.)
Also with us today is the father of the Chinese democracy movement, Wei Jingsheng. He spent decades in Chinese labor camps for his advocacy. Mr. Wei, will you please stand? (Applause.)
I grew up and served my time in the Army during the Cold War. And if there is one thing I learned, communists almost always lie. The biggest lie that they tell is to think that they speak for 1.4 billion people who are surveilled, oppressed, and scared to speak out.
Quite the contrary. The CCP fears the Chinese people’s honest opinions more than any foe, and save for losing their own grip on power, they have reason – no reason to.
Just think how much better off the world would be – not to mention the people inside of China – if we had been able to hear from the doctors in Wuhan and they’d been allowed to raise the alarm about the outbreak of a new and novel virus.
For too many decades, our leaders have ignored, downplayed the words of brave Chinese dissidents who warned us about the nature of the regime we’re facing.
And we can’t ignore it any longer. They know as well as anyone that we can never go back to the status quo.
But changing the CCP’s behavior cannot be the mission of the Chinese people alone. Free nations have to work to defend freedom. It’s the furthest thing from easy.
But I have faith we can do it. I have faith because we’ve done it before. We know how this goes.
I have faith because the CCP is repeating some of the same mistakes that the Soviet Union made – alienating potential allies, breaking trust at home and abroad, rejecting property rights and predictable rule of law.
I have faith. I have faith because of the awakening I see among other nations that know we can’t go back to the past in the same way that we do here in America. I’ve heard this from Brussels, to Sydney, to Hanoi.
And most of all, I have faith we can defend freedom because of the sweet appeal of freedom itself.
Look at the Hong Kongers clamoring to emigrate abroad as the CCP tightens its grip on that proud city. They wave American flags.
It’s true, there are differences. Unlike the Soviet Union, China is deeply integrated into the global economy. But Beijing is more dependent on us than we are on them. (Applause.)
Look, I reject the notion that we’re living in an age of inevitability, that some trap is pre-ordained, that CCP supremacy is the future. Our approach isn’t destined to fail because America is in decline. As I said in Munich earlier this year, the free world is still winning. We just need to believe it and know it and be proud of it. People from all over the world still want to come to open societies. They come here to study, they come here to work, they come here to build a life for their families. They’re not desperate to settle in China.
It’s time. It’s great to be here today. The timing is perfect. It’s time for free nations to act. Not every nation will approach China in the same way, nor should they. Every nation will have to come to its own understanding of how to protect its own sovereignty, how to protect its own economic prosperity, and how to protect its ideals from the tentacles of the Chinese Communist Party.
But I call on every leader of every nation to start by doing what America has done – to simply insist on reciprocity, to insist on transparency and accountability from the Chinese Communist Party. It’s a cadre of rulers that are far from homogeneous.
And these simple and powerful standards will achieve a great deal. For too long we let the CCP set the terms of engagement, but no longer. Free nations must set the tone. We must operate on the same principles.
We have to draw common lines in the sand that cannot be washed away by the CCP’s bargains or their blandishments. Indeed, this is what the United States did recently when we rejected China’s unlawful claims in the South China Sea once and for all, as we have urged countries to become Clean Countries so that their citizens’ private information doesn’t end up in the hand of the Chinese Communist Party. We did it by setting standards.
Now, it’s true, it’s difficult. It’s difficult for some small countries. They fear being picked off. Some of them for that reason simply don’t have the ability, the courage to stand with us for the moment.
Indeed, we have a NATO ally of ours that hasn’t stood up in the way that it needs to with respect to Hong Kong because they fear Beijing will restrict access to China’s market. This is the kind of timidity that will lead to historic failure, and we can’t repeat it.
We cannot repeat the mistakes of these past years. The challenge of China demands exertion, energy from democracies – those in Europe, those in Africa, those in South America, and especially those in the Indo-Pacific region.
And if we don’t act now, ultimately the CCP will erode our freedoms and subvert the rules-based order that our societies have worked so hard to build. If we bend the knee now, our children’s children may be at the mercy of the Chinese Communist Party, whose actions are the primary challenge today in the free world.
General Secretary Xi is not destined to tyrannize inside and outside of China forever, unless we allow it.
Now, this isn’t about containment. Don’t buy that. It’s about a complex new challenge that we’ve never faced before. The USSR was closed off from the free world. Communist China is already within our borders.
So we can’t face this challenge alone. The United Nations, NATO, the G7 countries, the G20, our combined economic, diplomatic, and military power is surely enough to meet this challenge if we direct it clearly and with great courage.
Maybe it’s time for a new grouping of like-minded nations, a new alliance of democracies.
We have the tools. I know we can do it. Now we need the will. To quote scripture, I ask is “our spirit willing but our flesh weak?”
If the free world doesn’t change – doesn’t change, communist China will surely change us. There can’t be a return to the past practices because they’re comfortable or because they’re convenient.
Securing our freedoms from the Chinese Communist Party is the mission of our time, and America is perfectly positioned to lead it because our founding principles give us that opportunity.
As I explained in Philadelphia last week, standing, staring at Independence Hall, our nation was founded on the premise that all human beings possess certain rights that are unalienable.
And it’s our government’s job to secure those rights. It is a simple and powerful truth. It’s made us a beacon of freedom for people all around the world, including people inside of China.
Indeed, Richard Nixon was right when he wrote in 1967 that “the world cannot be safe until China changes.” Now it’s up to us to heed his words.
Today the danger is clear.
And today the awakening is happening.
Today the free world must respond.
We can never go back to the past.
May God bless each of you.
May God bless the Chinese people.
And may God bless the people of the United States of America.
Thank you all.
(Applause.)
freedom of navigation operations 在 JeffHK Youtube 的最佳解答
In this vlog I outline the 10 reason why I think Merchant marine is such a great career for youngsters to join. How a sailor can earn 400k USD. Despite the misconception that it is often a lonely life, which is not true at all.
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0:20 1 - The pay/salary $$$
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=====10 Reasons Why Maritime SUCKS =====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdMYEKwxTyo
=====How To Anchor a Mega-Ship =====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62O7KYfb4GA
=====Where did I go last 2 months?? Cancun Adventure======
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsizwRUXoa0
=====Navigation Bridge of a Mega Ship=====
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=Bj3_peT4u9M
=====A Tour of Mega Ship's Engine Room=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7BhBsVigZw
=====HEAVY SEAS! Bad Weather in Atlantic Ocean=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZA6gNeZ5G4
=====Cargo Operations on Ship=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj7ixi2lqF4
=====Top 6 Questions about Merchant Marine=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBpQ9Y4jEfg
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