▌大巴黎計畫-手工作法的城市研究 ▌
文/圖:張道銘
作為一個外國團隊,即使查閱再多典籍,還是擔心無法認識真正的巴黎。我們決定作一個徹底的掃描,如同電腦斷層一般來認識巴黎。從GIS分析到實地勘查、訪問居民,這是一個很有手工感的城市研究,只有這樣才能逐漸認識,巴黎這樣一張超級大拼圖,所擁有的色彩與溫度。
項目的一開始,首先要處理的就是巨量的資料與地圖。在這裡不得不佩服法國畢竟是一個先進國家,巴黎的GIS數據建構的非常完整,也非常透明,有些資料如果主辦方沒有提供,也可以從網站上找到。
我們從最原始的空間-自然地形-出發,經由大量的GIS資料,分析巴黎都會區的地形,也印證了城市發展與地形有密不可分的關係。
比方說,地形其實影響了社會中各族群的分佈。整個巴黎都會區最核心的部分其都位於塞納河的河谷中,但是一直都有淹水的風險,河谷周邊的山坡地因為地勢較高,便成為社會階層較高的人會居住的地方。
尤其是巴黎西邊地勢較高的凡爾賽 ( Versailles)與周邊地區,自古以來就是皇室的領地。工業化的時代也因為屬於上風區,沒有工廠排出的廢氣,吸引有錢人繼續聚集,到現在仍然是巴黎最富裕的區域。
相反地,我們發現大部分的超高密度住宅 ( Grand Ensemble)都是位於容易淹水的河谷區域,換句話說,社會的弱勢族群的居住區通常也是地形較差的地方。同時,巴黎北側一直到戴高樂機場之間,充滿了各種鐵公路的交錯與工業區,讓這裡也成為巴黎都會區中窮人的聚集區。
經過各種地圖分析( Mapping),我們看到空間的弱勢與社會的弱勢,還有一連串其他的都市問題,全部都可以在巴黎都會區東側的郊區看到。巴黎東南邊 Orly 機場附近的塞納河谷地,密集的郊區住宅,夾雜在大量的鐵道與工廠之間,還是一個容易淹水的地方。
環境條件越差的地方,越是需要我們來改變它。因此決定以這個區域作為整個規劃提案的主軸。
團隊提出「多孔城市」的概念,認為巴黎都會區中的每個孔隙都能互相連通,也就是讓人能自由地在城市間行走、交通系統惠及全區、生態廊道不被切斷、水系與城市生活結合等等想法。
所以希望未來能從這裡開始,規劃一個南北向的城市廊道。也就是從南邊 Orly 的塞納河谷地,一直到北邊的Roissy-en-France 戴高樂機場西側區域,從住房、交通、生態、產業、水系等等各種城市議題提出構想,成為巴黎其他區域的示範。
圖1/義大利STUDIO SECCHI–VIGANÒ的提案
圖2/賽納河決定了巴黎自古至今的城市發展
圖3/地鐵則是巴黎市民的生命線,也是這個城市最美的風景之一
圖4/郊區住宅的巨大尺度與市區相差甚遠
圖5/以巴黎郊區作為提案策略重點,翻轉住宅周邊空洞的公共空間
圖6/實地探訪郊區,認識少數族裔居民的在地故事
本文摘錄自:https://mingtw.com/巴黎城市規劃/
延伸閱讀:
-大巴黎計畫官網 https://www.metropolegrandparis.fr/fr
-團隊專書:La Ville poreuse : un projet pour le grand Paris et la métropole de l'après-Kyoto
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅National Palace Museum國立故宮博物院,也在其Youtube影片中提到,In 2017, the National Palace Museum planned an exhibition around the “Palace memorial on the inspection tour to six Taiwanese aboriginal tribes in Saz...
gis mapping 在 巫師地理 Facebook 的最佳解答
#地理學 #公共衛生 #疾病地理
為什麼地理學
是對抗COVID-19冠狀病毒爆發的關鍵
Geography is unique in bridging the social sciences and the natural sciences. There are two main branches of geography: human geography and physical geography. Human geography is concerned with the spatial aspects of human existence. Physical geographers study patterns of climates, landforms, vegetation, soils, and water. Geographers use many tools and techniques in their work, and geographic technologies are increasingly important for understanding our complex world. They include Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and online mapping such as Google Earth.
地理學在融合社會科學和自然科學方面是獨一無二的。地理學主要有兩個分支:人文地理學和自然地理學。人文地理與人類生存的空間方面有關。自然地理學家研究氣候、地形、植被、土壤和水文的模式。地理學家在工作中使用了許多工具和技術,地理技術對於理解我們的複雜世界越來越重要。它們包括地理資訊系統(GIS)、遙測、全球定位系統(GPS)和數位地圖(例如Google Earth)。
There is also a significant body of scholarly research at the intersection of geography and infectious disease disciplines. For example, a 2019 study in the journal Infections, Genetics, and Evolution examined the geographic structure of bat SARS-related coronaviruses. One conclusion was that SARSr-CoVs have a distinct geographical structure in terms of evolution and transmission.
地理學和傳染病學科的交集也有大量的學術研究。例如,2019年發表在《感染,遺傳學和演化》雜誌上的一項研究檢查了蝙蝠與SARS相關的冠狀病毒的地理結構。一個結論是,SARSr-CoV在演化和傳播方面具有獨特的地理結構。
gis mapping 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的最讚貼文
嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(武漢肺炎) GIS 地圖
Mapping the Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of an outbreak of “pneumonia of unknown cause” detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China – the seventh-largest city in China with 11 million residents. As of January 23, there are over 800 cases of 2019-nCoV confirmed globally, including cases in at least 20 regions in China and nine countries/territories. The first reported infected individuals, some of whom showed symptoms as early as December 8, were discovered to be among stallholders from the Wuhan South China Seafood Market. Subsequently, the wet market was closed on Jan 1. The virus causing the outbreak was quickly determined to be a novel coronavirus. On January 10, gene sequencing further determined it to be the new Wuhan coronavirus, namely 2019-nCoV, a betacoronavirus, related to the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS-CoV) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARSCoV). However, the mortality and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV are still unknown, and likely to vary from those of the prior referenced coronaviruses.
More : https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov/
#2019COVID19Monitor
【Reference】
嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(武漢肺炎) GIS 地圖:
https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/…/opsdashboa…/index.html…
gis mapping 在 National Palace Museum國立故宮博物院 Youtube 的最佳貼文
In 2017, the National Palace Museum planned an exhibition around the “Palace memorial on the inspection tour to six Taiwanese aboriginal tribes in Sazum and on their illegal land reclamation” from the NPM collection and produced a supplementary documentary about developments in Taiwanese history. This documentary, filmed in 4K high resolution, has incorporated the newest technological advancements, adding new modes of visualization such as 3D modeling and GIS mapping to create more realistic video effects.
The documentary tells the story from the perspectives of Liu Yunke, the Governor General of Fujian-Zhejiang, as well as other key historical figures of the period, as they became involved in the land, peoples, and policies surrounding the Sun Moon Lake during the mid-Qing dynasty. The film attempts to recall the historical memories regarding developments in middle Taiwan and to reconstruct an important scene in Taiwan’s land reclamation process.

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