【保健知多D】薑黃素＝？？？
近月武漢肺炎肆虐香港，藥罐子相信大家時刻都已經勤洗手和戴口罩防疫。
除此之外，其實不論有沒有武漢肺炎，大家都應該提升免疫力，打造一個健康的身體。
過往很多人平常都可能會選擇攝取維生素C(Vitamin C)補充劑提高抵抗力。
不過除此之外，其實還有薑黃素(Curcumin)提升免疫力。
好，簡單介紹一下薑黃素：
首先顧名思義，薑黃素主要源自薑黃(Turmeric)。
至於薑黃的莖既可食用，又可藥用；既可以拿來做咖哩，在阿育吠陀(Ayurveda)這門源自印度的醫學裡，一般相信又可以拿來改善消化、紓緩關節炎(Arthritis)。
實際上，薑黃裡面的薑黃素有抗菌、抗病毒、抗真菌的功能[1]，例如抗藥性金黃葡萄球菌(Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, MRSA)[2]、幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)[3]、單純疱疹一型病毒(Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, HSV-1)[4]，在相當程度上，間接提升免疫力。
除此之外，薑黃素還能夠調節人體的免疫系統並阻斷發炎組織的環氧化酶-2(Cyclo-oxygenase-2, COX-2)的形成[5]，發揮抗發炎的功能，從而有可能抑制關節炎。[6]
過往有研究曾經比較薑黃與Ibuprofen這種非類固醇消炎止痛藥(Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, NSAIDs)在膝部退化性關節炎(Knee Osteoarthritis)的效果與安全性並顯示兩者看來在效果與安全性上沒有明顯差異。[7]
同時薑黃素還是一種抗氧化劑(Antioxidant)[8]，主要用來KO體內的自由基(Free Radicals)，理論上，能夠預防癌症。[9]
除此之外，薑黃素還能夠增加黏液素(Mucin)分泌[10]，或許能夠保護胃壁，達到健胃的功效，實際上，有研究指出薑黃素能夠紓緩消化不良(Dyspepsia)的症狀。[11]
在副作用上，薑黃被美國食品藥物管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA)列為「一般安全(Generally Recognized As Safe, GRAS)」，而且一般相信薑黃素較沒有毒性[12][13]，常見的副作用主要是胃痛，問題一般不大。
話雖如此，不過有證據顯示不論是攝取高劑量薑黃還是長期攝取薑黃，兩者都可能會影響肝功能[14][15]，所以未必適合肝功能不佳人士，例如肝病。
#提升免疫力 #消炎殺毒 #補薑夠薑 #保護自己 #做多一步 #夠薑抗逆 #健康隨傳隨到 #薑黃素
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著作➡️藥事知多D、用藥知多D、藥房事件簿、家居用藥攻略（各大書店有售）
Reference:
1. Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K. A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:186864.
2. Mun SH, Joung DK, Kim YS, Kang OH, Kim SB, Seo YS, et al. Synergistic antibacterial effect of curcumin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytother Res. 2013;19:599-604.
3. De R, Kundu P, Swarnakar S, Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury A, Nair GB, et al. Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1592-7.
4. Zandi K, Ramedani E, Mohammadi K, Tajbakhsh S, Deilami I, Rastian Z, et al. Evaluation of antiviral activities of curcumin derivatives against HSV-1 in Vero cell line. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5:1935-8.
5. Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KB. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009;41:40-59.
6. Srimal RC, Dhawan BN. Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1973;25:447–52.
7. Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, Wattanamongkonsil L, Thamlikitkul V. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(8):891-897.
8. Sreejayan N, Rao MNA. Free radical scavenging activity of curcuminoids. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996;46:169-171.
9. Shukla PK, Khanna VK, Khan MY, Srimal RC. Protective effect of curcumin against lead neurotoxicity in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003;22:653-8.
10. Lee CJ, Lee JH, Seok JH, Hur GM, Park YC, Seol IC, et al. Effects of baicalein, berberine, curcumin and hesperidin on mucin release from airway goblet cells. Planta Med. 2003;69:523-6.
11. Thamlikitkul V, Bunyapraphatsara N, Dechatiwongse T, et al. Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val . for dyspepsia. J Med Assoc Thai. 1989;72:613-620.
12. Ammon HPT, Wahl MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa . Planta Med. 1991;57:1-7.
13. Shankar TNB, Shantha NV, Ramesh HP, et al. Toxicity studies on turmeric (Cucurma longa): acute toxicity studies in rats, guinea pigs and monkeys. Indian J Exp Biol. 1980;18:73-75.
14. Deshpande S, et al. Subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract in female mice and rats. Toxicology Letters. 1998;95:183-193.
15. Kandarkar SV, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, et al. Subchronic oral hepatotoxicity of turmeric in mice--histopathological and ultrastructural studies. Indian J Exp Biol. 1998;36:675-679.
