關於 lack of information 中文 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

➥【重點摘要】：
當政府為避免民眾不必要的恐慌，而有限度釋出與新冠肺炎疫情蔓延的相關的資訊時，反而會造成民眾對政府的不信任；在此不實網路謠言快速散波的社會，如何建立成民眾與政府之間的信任關係十分重要。


因此，政府和專家學者所面臨的挑戰為如何有效遏止不實網路謠言的散波、提供民眾正確訊息，並且不隱瞞對疫情不利的消息十分重要，此舉不只是杜絕網路謠言，而且關乎到民眾與政府之間的互信關係，缺乏民眾信任感，只會讓政府的可信度喪失，使整個疫情更加惡化。
(「財團法人國家衛生研究院」蔡慧如博士 摘要整理)


📋 A lack of information can become misinformation(2020/04/16)+中文摘要轉譯

➥Author：Heidi J. Larson
➥Link： ( Nature)
https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-020-00920-w/d41586-020-00920-w.pdf


#2019COVID19Academic
衛生福利部
疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人
疾病管制署
國家衛生研究院-論壇

[時事英文] 「本土的」和「確診病例」英文怎麼說？
讀懂新聞英文，讓你邏輯表達、托福雅思寫作更有靈感
近 1000 位同學在學的英文思考術 https://bit.ly/3eTHIvH
　
同學看了陳時中部長籲請各方支持我國參加WHO的專文了嗎？
　
這篇專文絕對值得一讀，也統整了我們在粉專上整理出有關肺炎疫情的２５篇文章及關鍵片語：https://bit.ly/2WNcHSj
　
以下已為大家摘錄出中英文對照版，並為各位精選了關鍵詞與片語。原文的完整版連結請詳本文最末。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
The threat of emerging infectious diseases to global health and the economy, trade, and tourism has never abated. Pandemics can spread rapidly around the world because of the ease of international transportation. Among the most salient examples are the Spanish flu of 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003, and the H1N1 influenza of 2009. Intermittently, serious regional epidemics, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, Ebola in West Africa in 2014, and the Zika virus in Central and South America in 2016, have also reared their heads.
　
1. the threat of ⋯⋯的威脅
2. emerging infectious disease 新興傳染病
3. abate (v.) 減少；消除
4. salient examples 顯著的例子
5. regional epidemics 地區流行疫情；地區性流行病
6. rear their heads（令人不悅之事）發生；出現
　
新興傳染病對全球人類健康及經貿旅遊的威脅從未間斷過，舉凡１９１８年西班牙流感、２００３年嚴重急性呼吸道症候群（ＳＡＲＳ）、２００９年Ｈ１Ｎ１新型流感等爆發的全球大流行，抑或２０１２年中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒感染症（ＭＥＲＳ）、２０１４年西非伊波拉出血熱、２０１６年中南美洲茲卡病毒感染症等導致的區域大流行，皆因國際航空運輸而加速散播到全球各地，造成全球衛生安全不可避免的傷害。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Today, a novel form of pneumonia that first emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and has since been classified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. As of April 20, 2020, World Health Organization data showed that 2.24 million people had been confirmed as having the disease, with 152,551 deaths in 211 countries/areas/territories. Taiwan has not been spared.
　
7. a novel form of ⋯⋯的新種類
8. be classified as 被分類為⋯⋯
9. a global pandemic 全球大流行
10. be confirmed as 被確認為⋯⋯
11. be spared 不被傷害；被赦免
　
更有甚者，２０１９年底從中國武漢傳出的不明原因肺炎，現已在全球各地爆發大流行，截至ＷＨＯ在２０２０年４月８日的統計數據，全球已有1,353,361名確診病例、79,235名死亡，影響範圍擴及２１１個國家／區域／地區，臺灣亦無從倖免。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
As of April 20, Taiwan had tested a total of 55,476 persons showing 422 confirmed cases of COVID-19, of which 55 were indigenous, 343 imported, and 24 are Navy members currently serving in the fleet. Taiwan has reported just six deaths; 203 people have been released from the hospital after testing negative. Despite its proximity to China, Taiwan ranked 123rd among 183 countries in terms of confirmed cases per million people. This has shown that Taiwan’s aggressive efforts to control the epidemic are working.
　
12. as of 截至⋯⋯
13. confirmed cases 確診病例
14. indigenous 本土的
15. proximity to 鄰近
16. in terms of 就⋯⋯而言
17. aggressive efforts 積極的努力
　
截至４月２０日止，我國已累計檢驗55,476例，共發現４２２起確診病例，其中本土５５例、境外移入３４３例以及敦睦遠訓支隊２４例。我國目前６例死亡；經三次採檢均為陰性的出院者２０３例。我國在地理位置上雖鄰近中國，然每百萬人口確診數在國際間排名約第１２３名，顯示臺灣防疫工作成效顯著。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
A crisis anywhere readily becomes a problem everywhere. Global health security requires the efforts of every person to ensure an optimal response to public health threats and challenges. Taiwan, though not a member of WHO, cannot stand alone and must be included in the fight against such threats and challenges. Taiwan has fulfilled its responsibilities as a global citizen and abided by the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005) in notifying the WHO of confirmed COVID-19 cases.
　
18. global health security 全球衛生安全
19. ensure an optimal response 確保最佳應變措施
20. public health threats and challenges 公共衛生威脅與挑戰
21. fulfill its responsibilities 履行職責
22. abide by 遵守；信守（協議、決定或規章）
23. notify sb. of sth. 將某事通報某人
　
疾病無國界，星星之火足以燎原，地方疫情控制不好即可能造成全球大流行。因此，維護全球衛生安全亟需全體人類共同努力，確保最佳量能因應公共衛生威脅與挑戰。我國雖非ＷＨＯ會員，但無法獨善其身、置身於全球衛生安全之外，故秉持世界公民之責，恪守國際衛生條例２００５（ＩＨＲ ２００５）規範，主動向ＷＨＯ通報確診病例，
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Moreover, Taiwan has communicated with other countries such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, the United States, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, to share information on confirmed cases, travel and contact histories of patients, and border control measures. Taiwan has uploaded the genetic sequence of COVID-19 to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). Taiwan has worked with global partners to respond to the threat of COVID-19 to ensure that global health is not imperiled by a lack of communication and transparency.
　
24. communicate with 與⋯⋯交流（資訊、思想或感情等）
25. share information on 分享⋯⋯的資訊
26. travel and contact histories 旅行與接觸史
27. border control measures 邊境管制措施
28. genetic sequence 基因序列
29. be imperiled by 因⋯⋯而被危及
30. a lack of communication and transparency 缺乏溝通與透明度
　
同時積極與日本、韓國、新加坡、馬來西亞、菲律賓、美國、加拿大、義大利、法國、瑞士、德國、英國、比利時、荷蘭等國家及歐盟ＣＤＣ分享交流武漢肺炎確診病例、接觸者旅遊史、邊境管制措施等資訊，並將病毒基因序列上傳「全球共享禽流感數據倡議組織（ＧＩＳＡＩＤ）」供各國查詢，共同因應此波新興傳染病毒之威脅，確保全球衛生安全不再因缺乏溝通及透明度而產生致命性盲點。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
We urge the WHO and related parties to acknowledge Taiwan’s longstanding contributions to the international community in the areas of public health, disease prevention, and the human right to health, and to include Taiwan in WHO and its meetings, mechanisms, and activities. Taiwan will continue to work with the rest of the world to ensure that all enjoy the fundamental human right to health as stipulated in the WHO Constitution. Echoing the mantra of the United Nations’2030 Sustainable Development Goals, no one should be left behind.
　
31. urge sb. to do sth. 呼籲某人去做某事
32. longstanding contributions 長期的貢獻
33. disease prevention 疾病預防
34. the human right to health 有關於健康的人權
35. will continue to... 將持續⋯⋯
36. fundamental human right 基本人權
37. the mantra of ⋯⋯的口號
38. no one should be left behind 不遺漏任何人
　
我們籲請ＷＨＯ及相關各方注及臺灣長期以來對全球公共衛生防疫以及健康人權之貢獻，堅定支持將臺灣納入ＷＨＯ，讓臺灣完整參與ＷＨＯ各項會議、機制及活動，與世界各國攜手，共同落實ＷＨＯ憲章「健康是基本人權」及聯合國永續發展目標「不遺漏任何人」之願景。
　
Dr. Chen Shih-chung is Minister of Health and Welfare in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
　
陳時中博士係中華民國衛生福利部部長
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
完整英文版：https://bit.ly/2WLrdKb
　
完整中文版：https://bit.ly/2yOzJQy
　
外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC（Taiwan）各國版本：https://bit.ly/2YYRRBU
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Do you think Taiwan will participate in this year's World Health Assembly (WHA)?
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
＃疫情英文
＃國際時事英文

****用行動和創意幫助弱勢 （4之4）****

Poor Economics 窮人的經濟學 （有中文版）

本屆諾貝爾經濟學獎得主夫妻檔，用紮實的科學研究方法，進入世界最貧窮人的世界，分析他們的經濟學，從中找到一些解決問題的脈絡，也讓前一個二十年的主要辯論取得一個平衡 （Jeffrey Sachs 主張外來經濟救援 vs. William Easterly 主張讓該國自然找出路，外國經濟援助幫倒忙的觀察），也因不要過度期望大型轉變 （所以中文版的書名還是沒有太精準傳達這個精神啊），而能採取更務實的關鍵小改變，積少成多。

"Careful thinking and rigorous evaluation s can help us design systems to keep corruption and inefficiency in check. We wre not "Lowering our ambitions": Incremental progress and the accumulation of these snall changes, we believe, can sometimes end in a quiet revolution" (仔細的思考和嚴謹的檢視可以幫助我們設計出能抗衡貪污與效率低落等問題。我們不是要降低願景，我們相信循序漸進的進展有時候可以形成一場安靜的革命”）

這本書很有意思，只是讀的時候滿花腦力的。幾個重要的觀點：
- 別想一勞永逸地打擊貧窮，必須有無數小變化積累
- 有時候方法中一個關鍵的小調整就有巨大的影響，這也是微型科學實驗可以幫上忙的
- 不同階段貧窮有不同經濟型態 ，窮人與富人無異都是基於最佳投資報酬考量，但條件大大不同，窮人有時更需精打細算或是不得不創業

最後作者們分析貧窮者的景況，以及這些景況可能解套的方式：

1. The poor often lack critical pieces of information and believe things that are not true （貧窮人常常缺少某些關鍵資訊，或是對一些錯誤觀念深信不疑）
一個顯著的例子是對於預防針或是安全性行為的資訊不足，當然不是每個觀念宣導都有用，但掌握一個關鍵，善用創意和社群裡的關鍵人物（不見得是明顯的領袖），可以有不錯的效果 （之前另一本泰國保險套大王就是很好的例子）

2. The poor bear responsibility for too many aspects of thier lives （貧窮人常常要負擔生活中更多“對的”決定）
我們的生活中，自來水有加氯，預防針和教育是不用做什麼就自然會出現的，或是很多東西距離遙遠，他們很難取捨該賺今天的餐費還是處理某事。這是那些快閃醫療或是疫苗站實驗的原因，有時稍微讓取得門檻降低就大有幫助。

3. Some markets are missing for the poor （窮人所需要的“商品”不存在）
以存錢和借錢來說，一般銀行小額存錢可能光是手續費就不足了 （負利息）。之前微型貸款或是類似的金融工具就是因應而生，幫助了許多人。只是小本生意還是不太容易做大，這只是其中一環的幫助。作者們還是讚揚這些做法，只是提醒人們別有太高的期待 （免得失落中又否認了它一定的效果）

4. Sometimes poor countries are so due to some avoidable flaw in the detailed design of policy（有些國家貧窮，是因為政策落實的細節中，有些可以避免的錯誤）
最顯著的例子就是某些醫療或是教育政策，用意良善但如果不清楚“地面”實際情況，容易成為不能落實的政策。這就需要不厭其煩的追問精神，深入了解的田野調查，才能找出這些關鍵點。但令人振奮的是，有時就是那麼一個關鍵的調整，就可以顯著提升成效。

5. Expectations about what people are able or unable to do all too often ends up turning into self fulfilling prophecies. （對於人們能與不能的期望，常常變成自我應驗的預言）
有些時候貧窮的孩子待不住學校，當然也造成了貧窮的惡性循環。作者研究發現孩子們在學校如果被提早放棄，也比較容易自我放棄了，有時甚至不是第一線老師不願意好好教。作者們的研究發現，降低某些不必要門檻或是評量效果的方式，會讓第一線工作者用貧窮人自身從小的成果開始，激發再持續投入的意願。而成功也可以是一種自我應驗的預言。

中文版與相關文章，在部落格中 👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/poor-economics-%e7%aa%ae%e4%ba%ba%e…/

#窮人的經濟學 #諾貝爾經濟學獎 #創意 #打擊貧窮 #科學方法 #微型實驗

下面有遊戲資料
請比意見~有意見有進步~
如果喜歡請LIKE
如果想繼續睇的話 請訂閱

#恐怖遊戲 #恐怖RPG
======================================================
遊戲 : Papers, Please(請出示文件/阿茲托卡)
中文 ： 请出示文件
STEAM ： http://store.steampowered.com/app/239030/

《請出示文件》（英語：Papers, Please）為在日美國人盧卡斯·波普所獨立開發的點陣圖遊戲。玩家扮演一位在虛構共產主義國家阿茲托卡（Arstotzka）中甫剛上任的邊界關卡檢查官，負責在每日早上六時至下午六時的開放時間審核、確認要入境人士的證件，遊戲的標題便是玩家面對每一位欲入境人士審查文件時的第一句台詞。

Papers, Please has the player take the role of a border crossing immigration officer in the fictional dystopian Eastern Bloc-like country of Arstotzka, which has been and continues to be at political hostilities with its neighboring countries. As the officer, the player must review each immigrant and returning citizen's passports and other supporting paperwork against a list of ever-increasing rules using a number of tools and guides, allowing in only those with the proper paperwork, rejecting those without all proper forms, and at times detaining those with falsified information. The player is rewarded in their daily salary for how many people they have processed correctly in that day, while being fined for making mistakes; the salary is used to help provide shelter, food, and heat for the player's in-game family. In some cases, the player will be presented with moral decisions, such as approving entry of a pleading spouse of a citizen despite the lack of proper paperwork, knowing this will affect their salary. In addition to a story mode which follows several scripted events that occur within Arstotzka, the game includes an endless mode that challenges the player to process as many immigrants as possible.

======================================================
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======================================================
關鍵字 : 恐怖RPG,恐怖遊戲,遊戲,RPG,實況,GAMEPLAY,中文,中字,廣東話,粵語,香港,死佬,死佬打機機,Papers,Please,請出示文件,阿茲托卡,请出示证件,恐怖攻擊,入境,模擬遊戲

下面有遊戲資料
請比意見~有意見有進步~
如果喜歡請LIKE
如果想繼續睇的話 請訂閱

#恐怖遊戲 #恐怖RPG
======================================================
遊戲 : Papers, Please(請出示文件/阿茲托卡)
中文 ： 请出示文件
STEAM ： http://store.steampowered.com/app/239030/

《請出示文件》（英語：Papers, Please）為在日美國人盧卡斯·波普所獨立開發的點陣圖遊戲。玩家扮演一位在虛構共產主義國家阿茲托卡（Arstotzka）中甫剛上任的邊界關卡檢查官，負責在每日早上六時至下午六時的開放時間審核、確認要入境人士的證件，遊戲的標題便是玩家面對每一位欲入境人士審查文件時的第一句台詞。

Papers, Please has the player take the role of a border crossing immigration officer in the fictional dystopian Eastern Bloc-like country of Arstotzka, which has been and continues to be at political hostilities with its neighboring countries. As the officer, the player must review each immigrant and returning citizen's passports and other supporting paperwork against a list of ever-increasing rules using a number of tools and guides, allowing in only those with the proper paperwork, rejecting those without all proper forms, and at times detaining those with falsified information. The player is rewarded in their daily salary for how many people they have processed correctly in that day, while being fined for making mistakes; the salary is used to help provide shelter, food, and heat for the player's in-game family. In some cases, the player will be presented with moral decisions, such as approving entry of a pleading spouse of a citizen despite the lack of proper paperwork, knowing this will affect their salary. In addition to a story mode which follows several scripted events that occur within Arstotzka, the game includes an endless mode that challenges the player to process as many immigrants as possible.

======================================================
推薦影片:
======================================================
生活channel :
◆ https://goo.gl/vt57iA

Facebook :
◆ http://goo.gl/ybt1Js

======================================================
◆合作邀約 : 00maman2@gmail.com
======================================================

■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■■□■□
支持/救濟/施捨/幫助/助養
https://goo.gl/UpXr3r
■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■□■■□■□

======================================================
關鍵字 : 恐怖RPG,恐怖遊戲,遊戲,RPG,實況,GAMEPLAY,中文,中字,廣東話,粵語,香港,死佬,死佬打機機,Papers,Please,請出示文件,阿茲托卡,请出示证件,恐怖攻擊,入境,模擬遊戲

下面有遊戲資料
請比意見~有意見有進步~
如果喜歡請LIKE
如果想繼續睇的話 請訂閱

#恐怖遊戲 #恐怖RPG
======================================================
遊戲 : Papers, Please(請出示文件/阿茲托卡)
中文 ： 请出示文件
STEAM ： http://store.steampowered.com/app/239030/

《請出示文件》（英語：Papers, Please）為在日美國人盧卡斯·波普所獨立開發的點陣圖遊戲。玩家扮演一位在虛構共產主義國家阿茲托卡（Arstotzka）中甫剛上任的邊界關卡檢查官，負責在每日早上六時至下午六時的開放時間審核、確認要入境人士的證件，遊戲的標題便是玩家面對每一位欲入境人士審查文件時的第一句台詞。

Papers, Please has the player take the role of a border crossing immigration officer in the fictional dystopian Eastern Bloc-like country of Arstotzka, which has been and continues to be at political hostilities with its neighboring countries. As the officer, the player must review each immigrant and returning citizen's passports and other supporting paperwork against a list of ever-increasing rules using a number of tools and guides, allowing in only those with the proper paperwork, rejecting those without all proper forms, and at times detaining those with falsified information. The player is rewarded in their daily salary for how many people they have processed correctly in that day, while being fined for making mistakes; the salary is used to help provide shelter, food, and heat for the player's in-game family. In some cases, the player will be presented with moral decisions, such as approving entry of a pleading spouse of a citizen despite the lack of proper paperwork, knowing this will affect their salary. In addition to a story mode which follows several scripted events that occur within Arstotzka, the game includes an endless mode that challenges the player to process as many immigrants as possible.

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關鍵字 : 恐怖RPG,恐怖遊戲,遊戲,RPG,實況,GAMEPLAY,中文,中字,廣東話,粵語,香港,死佬,死佬打機機,Papers,Please,請出示文件,阿茲托卡,请出示证件,恐怖攻擊,入境,模擬遊戲