關於 motor unit size ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【動作單位（Motor unit）】
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動作單位 = 一個動作神經元 + 所有其連接的肌纖維
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肌肉的收縮，是由多個動作單位（Motor unit）所構成，可以把運動想像成大大小小的戰爭，而一個軍隊（一個肌肉），會分成不同的小組（動作單位），每個小組的大小、負責的功能都不同（含有的肌纖維數量、肌纖維的類型）
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🔸較小的動作單位
連接的肌纖維數量較、都是慢縮肌（Slow-twitch fiber）類型為主
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🔸較大的動作單位
連接的肌纖維數量多、都是快縮肌（Fast-twitch fiber）類型為主
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訓練、臨床應用：
依據不同的活動，肌肉會使用不同程度或數量的「動作單位」，例如較精細的動作如縫衣服、眼球的轉動，這些只要用較小的動作單位即可完成，而較大動作例如跑、跳、重訓等，則需要更大的動作單位。
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其他的應用可以參考大小原則（Size principle）、選擇性徵召（Selective recruitment）等概念。
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其他文章：https://jackchen.sport.blog/
其他圖片：https://www.instagram.com/chenhc82/
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#無氧 #有氧 #動作單位 #肌纖維 #快縮肌 #慢縮肌 #徵召 #運動強度 #舉重 #重訓 #訓練 #肌力與體能訓練師 #陳曉謙 #anaerobic #aerobic #motorunit #musclefiber #fasttwitch #slowstiwch #type1 #CSCS #type2 #recruitment #intensity

根據大小法則 (Henneman’s size principle)，運動單位(motor unit) 的招募次序由小至大，視乎肌肉需要輸出多少的力量。

當肌肉承受着輕重量🏋🏻
面對輕重量時，肌肉輸出的力量較低。正因如此，收縮時會先激活較低門檻的肌肉纖維。而低門檻的肌肉纖維並不粗大，力量也比較小，但耐力高，更能抵抗疲勞(fatigue resistant )。

當肌肉承受着大重量🏋🏻🏋🏻🏋🏻🏋🏻
面對大重量時，肌肉需要輸出的力量較高，所以高門檻的肌肉纖維會被激活。高門檻的肌肉纖維較為粗大，能輸出的力量很大，但耐力方面較差。

✅重點✅
當肌肉承受着輕重量至力竭為止，低門檻工作單位會達到力竭，身體為了補償減弱了的力量輸出，中樞神經會徵召高門檻的運動單元。

同樣使用輕重量，但在非常接近力竭的情況下，高門檻的肌肉纖維，即較粗大和力量較大的肌肉纖維也會被激活！！！

在正式組中，下數和重量很多時候都有掛鉤的，越大的重量，下數自然地就會越小。雖然大重量能很快激活高門檻的運動單位，但輕至中重量同樣能徵召高門檻的運動單位！

各位可以先平衡一下「高下數輕重量」、「中下數中重量」和「低下數大重量」訓練模式的風險回報比 (risk-to-reward ratio)，再考慮自己的專項訓練和目標，來設計自己的訓練周期和課表。

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這代表肌肥大訓練其實不是死固在一個特定下數範圍內，不一定是8-12下才能令肌肉變大和成長喔！

沒有一個訓練模式是最完美的，視乎自己的目標去定立自己的訓練模式吧！

圖片來源自：@pheasyque

額外閱讀
1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1350367/⁣⁣⁣⁣
2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637923/⁣⁣⁣⁣
3) https://medium.com/@ SandCResearch/what-can-jumping-teach-us-about-muscle-growth-5bef1

如果你覺得帖子對你有用的話，請追蹤我們IG：@mr_muscular2017

#增肌減脂 #增肌 #健身 #健美 #飲食控制 #肌肉 #健康 #健體 #深蹲 #腹肌 #重訓 #重量訓練 #肱二頭肌 #二頭肌 #運動 #增肌 #減脂 #健身迷因

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เผยโฉมตัวจริง All-New Nissan Note e-Power 2021 นิสสัน โน้ต อีเพาเวอร์ โฉมใหม่ เริ่มขาย 23 ธันวาคมนี้ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่น

ระบบขับเคลื่อน 2WD เครื่องยนต์รหัส HR12DE-EM47
รุ่น F ราคา 2,054,800 เยน
รุ่น S ราคา 2,029,500 เยน
รุ่น X ราคา 2,186,800 เยน

Evolution of e-POWER "e-POWER", which has evolved into the second generation, has renewed its motor and inverter. Compared to the predecessor "Note", the motor has improved torque by 10% and output by 6%, achieving more powerful and comfortable starting acceleration and a powerful feeling of acceleration when overtaking from medium and high speeds. The inverter is 40% smaller and 30% lighter than the first generation, and the efficiency of the engine is also improved, which not only improves acceleration performance but also improves fuel efficiency. In addition, by reducing the frequency of engine operation by controlling the system and improving the sound insulation performance of the car body, we have achieved a class of quietness despite being a compact car. In addition, we have developed the world's first control system that actively generates electricity when it is judged that road noise is large based on the road surface condition, and we are improving the quietness.

Advanced safety technology
in all directions Equipped with advanced safety technology that realizes 360 ° safety support, safety in all directions has been improved. In addition, "ProPilot (with Navilink function)" is installed for the first time * 2 . By adding a function linked with the navigation system to the professional pilot who supports driving operations when driving in the same lane on the highway, it is possible to switch the set speed according to the change in the speed limit and decelerate according to the size of the curve. The system assists the driver to reduce the frequency of operation and realize a safe and comfortable drive.
In addition, Nissan's first 1470MPa class ultra-high-tensile steel (ultra-high-strength steel plate for cold pressing) is used for the body frame to achieve both weight reduction and collision safety at a high level.

Exterior design that goes beyond the conventional wisdom of compact cars
A thin headlamp integrated with the front grille, a new V-motion chrome that connects to it, a character line that connects from the front to the rear with a single line, and a clean view that extends below it The advanced, clean and dynamic design of Nissan's new design language, such as the inflection of the richly sloping surface depending on the angle and the distinctive signature rear combination lamp with the shape of one horizontal character that spreads horizontally, while being compact It also has a striking presence. In addition, the front grille has a pattern inspired by Kumiko, a traditional Japanese craft, and has a "design that blends into the Japanese landscape." The sleek and advanced headlamps use a 4-unit LED projector * 3 . Similarly, the optional 16-inch aluminum wheels have a sharp and sophisticated design inspired by Japanese swords, and are designed to remind you of the driving performance of the "e-POWER." We have prepared a wide range of 13 body colors, including 2 tones of 2 colors, to create a lineup that customers can enjoy and choose according to their tastes. Nissan's new cool tone "Opera Move", which was developed for the advanced and dynamic "Vivid Blue" and the new "Note", is a color that suits sophisticated adults.

Advanced and comfortable interior space The
interior design realizes an advanced and comfortable space that overturns the common sense of compact cars. The instrument panel that expands outward is equipped with a meter integrated with the center display, embodying Nissan's new interior design concept that combines advanced feeling and ease of use suitable for electrification. In addition, the bridge-type center console on which a small electronically controlled shift lever sits is equipped with a large storage space and long reach armrests, so you can enjoy both comfortable driving with an innovative design. In addition, the center console in the front seat is equipped with highly convenient functions such as a wireless charger for smartphones * 3 . The rear seats are equipped with a reclining function, ensuring a class-leading spacious space in both the knee room and headroom. Furthermore, in the luggage compartment, by securing a wide opening and luggage compartment width, it is possible to store luggage without stress. Three types of interior colors and materials are available. The X grade is a combination of a jersey seat with gradation stripes and a synthetic leather armrest. The instrument panel also features carbon-like decorations and a long, horizontally-spreading matte chrome finisher for a clean, modern color coordination.

The BMW Group continues to expand its electro-mobility activities. In conjunction with its partner, Brilliance China Automotive Holdings Ltd., the BMW Group opened a new “High-Voltage Battery Centre” in Shenyang, China today. The battery factory will supply the nearby Dadong plant, which is operated by the BMW Brilliance Automotive (BBA) joint venture and will produce the BMW 5 Series Plug-in Hybrid for the local market.

Oliver Zipse, member of the Board of Management of BMW AG, responsible for Production: “The innovative High-Voltage Battery Centre in Shenyang is an important step in the BMW Group’s electro-mobility strategy. It is the first battery factory of any premium automotive manufacturer in China and already the third in our production network, after Germany and the US.”

The BMW Group is integrating its battery factories into the existing international production network. Oliver Zipse: “By 2025, we expect our electrified BMW and MINI models to account for between 15 and 25 per cent of global sales. This adds up to several hundred thousand vehicles per year. It therefore makes sense for us to integrate electro-mobility into the existing production system.” Doing so will enable the BMW Group to respond flexibly to demand for electrified models.

Competitive edge through in-house know-how

Alongside the electric motor, the high-voltage battery is a central element of partially and fully-electrified vehicles. In-house production gives the BMW Group a decisive competitive advantage by securing know-how in new technologies, gaining key systems expertise and leveraging cost benefits. The company already produces electrified vehicles at ten locations worldwide. The high-voltage batteries needed for these models come from the BMW Group plants in Dingolfing, Spartanburg and now also Shenyang. The Dingolfing plant will play a leading role within the network as the centre of competence for electric drive systems.

From cell to high-voltage battery

Production of high-voltage batteries is divided into two production stages. First, in a highly-automated process, supplied lithium-ion cells, which are about the size of a paperback book, are checked and then combined into a larger unit, the so-called battery module.

The battery modules are then mounted together with the connections, control units and cooling units in an aluminium housing. The size and shape of the aluminium housing, as well as the number of battery modules used, depends on the vehicle variant. In this way, a perfectly adapted "battery pack" or high-voltage battery is created.

This combination of standardised battery modules and housings flexibly adapted to the vehicle has several advantages: It ensures uniform properties and quality standards in the production of high-voltage batteries. The modular design of the high-voltage batteries also forms the basis for a wide variety of electric drive variants. Last but not least, this modular concept is a requirement for responding quickly to customer demand and leveraging cost benefits.

Nissan will unveil two new fully customized vehicles at the Tokyo Motor Show to improve city mobility: the new Paramedic Concept and the all-electric e-NV200 Fridge Concept.

Packed with new technologies and features, the new Paramedic Concept will be Nissan's fifth-generation ambulance and builds on the success of the previous versions, which are sold exclusively in Japan. The next-generation ambulance is based on Nissan's NV350 Caravan, providing better comfort for the patient and a better work environment for paramedics and drivers.

The company will also lift the lid on its solution to urban delivery challenges and launch a modified, all-electric Nissan e-NV200 Fridge Concept.

The Fridge Concept's compact size will make it easier to park in urban environments, where large delivery trucks are often prevented from stopping. Equipped with an additional battery pack in the cargo space to power a refrigeration unit, the Nissan e-Fridge will be able to store chilled foods.

"Our fifth-generation ambulance will offer enhanced features that will make a real difference to people's lives," said Ashwani Gupta, senior vice president of the Renault-Nissan LCV Business Unit. "The new Paramedic Concept contains vital life-saving equipment to respond to emergencies, often in remote areas.

"Meanwhile, the e-NV200 Fridge Concept will create huge value for commercial users – generating more business, as well as reducing the cost of ownership. With zero emissions, it'll be perfect for busy urban environments where larger vehicles are often prohibited."

Other unique elements packed into the new ambulance include Nissan's industry-leading Intelligent Around View Monitor and technology to reduce the spread of germs.

The ambulance also carries a lithium-ion auxiliary battery that supports life-saving medical equipment when patients are in remote areas or in need of emergency assistance. It also contributes to CO2 reduction, as well as external and internal noise reduction.

Nissan plans to start sales of the ambulance in Japan in fiscal year 2018 and aims to double annual sales of the ambulance compared with the previous model.

Also featured at the Tokyo Motor Show will be the NV350 Caravan, which was launched in Japan in the summer.

Intelligent Emergency Braking, Vehicle Dynamic Control with traction control system functions and Hill Start Assist, previously available only on some two-wheel-drive van grades, are now standard on all NV350 Caravan van models. In addition, Intelligent Around View Monitor has been installed for the first time in vehicles of this class in Japan.