關於 portugal wiki ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

昨晚Eriksen事件让我上网搜了这个名单。好长啊。足球场上意外猝死或受伤后离世的个案，有个完整记录。今年就曾发生四起。

Eriksen目前情况稳定。🙏🙏🙏

7 January 2021
Brazil Alex Apolinário 24
Portugal Alverca
On 3 January 2021, went into cardiac arrest at the 27th minute of a league match. He was revived after several attempts and taken to the hospital, where he was put in an induced coma and died four days later.

8 March 2021
Egypt Abdul Rahman Atef 23
Egypt Al Qanayat
Died after swallowing his tongue while playing a league match against El Rowad.

11 April 2021
Croatia Dejan Oršuš 24
Croatia NK Otok
Collapsed during a league match against Radnički after suffering a cardiac arrest, died in the hospital later that same day.

18 April 2021
Jamaica Tremaine Stewart 33
Jamaica Portmore United
Stewart collapsed while playing football the morning of the 18th in Spanish town, and despite being rushed to the hosptial he died later that day.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_footballers_who_died_while_playing

你知道嗎？【🇵🇹葡萄牙蛋塔 vs 🇲🇴澳門的葡萄牙蛋塔】
#本日冷知識1557

大家好，我是Mr Holiday。

今天要跟大家介紹葡萄牙蛋塔，跟「澳門的」葡萄牙蛋塔有什麼差別。

Mr Holiday曾經有機會拜訪葡萄牙首都里斯本（Lisboa）兩次，每次都一定要拜訪一下傳說中葡萄牙蛋塔的發源地：里斯本的貝林（Belém）。

當年葡萄牙水手都是從貝林（Belém）出發，前往世界各地，所以在貝林有一個巨大的「發現者紀念碑」（Padrão dos Descobrimentos）來紀念歷代勇敢的葡萄牙水手們。

離紀念碑不遠，有一個「熱羅尼莫斯修道院」（Mosteiro dos Jerónimos），據說就是葡式蛋塔的發明地，後來因為修道院關閉，所以這個食譜就「落入尋常百姓家」，今天在「貝林塔之家」（Casa Pastéis de Belém）就可以買到經典的葡萄牙蛋塔，再配上一杯咖啡根本絕配！

但是澳門的葡萄牙蛋塔，有著跟葡萄牙蛋塔不太一樣的故事。

1989年，英國人Andrew Stow在澳門路環（Coloane）開了一家蛋塔餐廳「安德魯餅店」（Lord Stow’s Bakery）。Andrew發現當時澳門並沒有西式的街邊糕餅店，鑒於當時澳門有一定的歐洲人口，如果他的店可以賣蛋塔，肯定是門好生意。

但是問題來了，Andrew並沒有正統葡萄牙蛋塔食譜，所以只好自己研發。他學習葡萄牙蛋塔技術，但是加入英國卡士達醬並減少糖的使用，開發出自己的蛋塔。

當時廣東飲茶餐廳也有中式的蛋塔（中間餡比較像果凍），為了與中式蛋塔作區別，他改稱他的新產品為「葡撻」（Po tat）。但是這個葡萄牙蛋塔，其實跟葡萄牙本土的蛋塔已經不同了。

經過口碑行銷，澳門葡式蛋塔的名聲漸漸享譽其他亞洲國家，安德魯餅店也開始在亞洲各地開店。Andrew的前妻瑪嘉烈（Margaret）在離婚後也自己經營一家蛋塔店，後來她將食譜賣給肯德基（KFC），也讓澳門葡式蛋塔更快速的擴散至大中華地區。

總之，澳門的葡式蛋塔是用葡萄牙蛋塔的原型，加上英國內餡的本土化版本。

我們下次見！

[Mr Holiday]

#MrHoliday #AndrewStow #Portugal #Macao #Macau #Lisbon #Lisboa #PastéisdeBelém #Belém #Pasteldenata #KFC #tart

參考資料：
1. The surprising origin of Macau’s Portuguese egg tarts https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/06/10/2003716638
2. 葡式蛋塔 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%9B%8B%E6%92%BB

圖片資料：
1. 澳門葡萄牙蛋塔 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%9B%8B%E6%92%BB#/media/File:MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG
2. 里斯本Casa Pastéis de Belém蛋塔（Mr Holiday提供）

เซเนกัล จากอดีตเมืองท่าค้าทาส สู่ความท้าทายในปัจจุบัน /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ช่วงศตวรรษที่ 15 ถึงศตวรรษที่ 19 เปรียบเสมือนฝันร้ายของชาวแอฟริกัน
มหาอำนาจในยุคล่าอาณานิคมต่างเดินทางมาแอฟริกาเพราะต้องการ “แรงงานทาส”

หนึ่งในแหล่งค้าทาสที่สำคัญในสมัยนั้น คือประเทศที่มีเมืองหลวงตั้งอยู่ตะวันตกสุดของทวีปแอฟริกา...
Continue ReadingSenegal from former slave traffickers to current challenges / by Investing Man
The 15th to 19th century is like an African nightmare.
The power of colonial hunting era came to Africa because they wanted ′′ slave labor ′′

One of the major source of slave traffickers in those days is the country with capital in Africa's continent's far west.
named ′′ Republic of Senegal ′′

What story is this country going through
Investing man will tell you about it.
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Senegal name comes from Portuguese that means part of the water.
Due to the west land of the country adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.

Senegal Capital called ′′ Dakar ′′ located west of the country and west of Africa.

Location is conducive to maritime trade
Dakar becomes the center of West Africa's major trade.

The first nation to set up a trade station is Portugal, the world colonial in the early era.
To exchange goods with African capitalists
Especially ′′ slave labor ′′
To apply to labor in Brazilian cane farm, Portugal colonies in those days.

Slaves in the African continent will be brought to Dakar.
Then boarded to an island called Gory.
A small island 3 km from Dakar city in the Atlantic Ocean.
To wait for exchange with another product
This island place is called ′′ House of Slaves

After Portugal, the power of those days took over this island.
Both England, Netherlands
To export slaves to labor in their colony

But the nation that influences Senegal the most is France.

The year of July. Prof. 1659 West African area becomes a French colony.
This includes Senegal

France set Dakar to be a trade hub with West African countries.
And got the right to occupy Gory Island from Netherlands.
To export slaves to labor in South North America.

And set up a city to expand trade at the Senate River's mouth.
300 km from Dakar city, north along the coastline.
Name this city ′′ St. Louis ′′

France lays the foundation for Senegal as a trade goal to Africa.
Build a railroad between Dakar and St. Louis for shipping.

Also laying the education foundation for locals
To help with product trade
By the founding of the University in Dakar and St. Louis

That's why Senegal uses French in government language.
And use Saefa fringe as the main currency of the country.

And then the 5 century slavery trade ended in mid 19th century.

Later in July Prof. 1960 Senegal is also free from the French colony.
Been ruling the country with president and local government since then.

Even Senegal is a major economic hub of West Africa.
But due to over half of the country, the upper part is in the Sahara Desert.
Making space for farming is limited
So relying on large amounts of foreign food imports and energy.

Assembled with main export products like mineral phosphate. Products from peanut oil fishery are low value.

Government loaned a lot of foreign debt to spend.
And intervene in domestic product prices to low levels.
Senegal is missing the account balance. Keep walking.

Poor in the year. Prof. 1994 Senegal government needs economic reform.

Starting from decreasing 50 % of Zefa's money, causing domestic inflation to 32 % immediately because imported products have higher prices.

From the beginning Senegal used a fixed exchange rate tied to the Euro, it changed to the floating exchange rate.
Reducing government price interventions
And receive subsidy from IMF and other countries like France, USA.

Even the economy can move on.
But Senegal is still missing the account balance. Keep walking.
From relying on foreign imports and subsidies all the time.

Year 2016, lack of accounting. 4.2 % of GDP.
Year 2017, lack of accounting. 7.3 % of GDP.
Year 2018, lack of accounting. 6.9 % of GDP.

So, so
Senegal challenge right now
How to manage resources and value goods in the country
To be more dependent on yourself.
No need to wait for foreign aid all the time.

From Senegal's story, a lesson that we learned.
Although most African countries now have better status from the past with the slave trade.
But these countries are going to have a small economic size.
Because of lack of exportable product development at high value
And rely on importing from foreign goods

Most developed countries are the opposite.
Importing products will be imported to produce high value goods to export.

Trick it's up to what these countries do
To be free from this problem
Which, if possible, will eventually make the economy equal to other countries..
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References
-https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Senegal
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal
-https://tradingeconomics.com/senegal/current-account-to-gdp
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Goree-Island
-https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-tradeTranslated

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www.youtube.com/texanintokyo
This was the most exciting non-eventful trip I've had yet.

★You can make reservations to actually go inside the palace grounds and see stuff here:
http://sankan.kunaicho.go.jp/english/guide/koukyo.html

★Kusunoki Masashige: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusunoki_Masashige

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