【沉默殺手】營養過於豐盛容易引致糖尿病~
⭐患者近年有年輕化趨勢
⭐及早發現及早治療
#星期一踢走BlueMonday
留意糖尿病徵兆
在香港每十個人就有一名糖尿病患者,由於患病初期沒有明顯症狀,有患者甚至出現併發症時才驚覺患上糖尿病!如能及早發現糖尿病,透過藥物及飲食控制,可將此病對生活的影響減到最低。如發現身體有以下徵兆,宜定期檢查血糖,及早預防:
☐ 多吃 — 容易感到肚餓,用餐後不到兩小時又餓了。
☐ 多喝 — 經常感到口乾舌燥,不斷想喝水
☐ 多尿 — 小便變得頻密,上廁所的次數增加,特別是夜間尿頻
☐ 體重減少 — 沒有刻意減肥但體重減少
☐ 乏力 — 經常覺得疲倦及昏昏欲睡
☐ 易受感染 — 例如尿道炎反覆發作
☐ 容易煩躁 — 覺得身體燥熱又多汗
☐ 皮膚搔癢 — 手腳容易麻癢刺痛
☐ 視力模糊 — 容易出現頭暈眼花
☐ 傷口不易癒合
若糖尿病控制不當,容易引發急性及慢性併發症,例如心臟病、中風、腎衰竭、視網膜病變、白內障引致失明等,如果有疑問宜諮詢醫生或註冊中醫師意見。
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Watch out for diabetes symptoms
One out of ten Hong Kong citizens is diabetic. During the early stages, a person suffering from diabetes might not exhibit any symptoms. It is only when complications begin to occur that the disease is diagnosed!
Early detection, coupled with treatment and dietary adjustment, can reduce the effect diabetes on our lives. If you notice the symptoms below, make sure to go for regular checkups as a preventive measure.
☐ Craving for food— feel hungry easily; start looking for snacks to munch on just two hours after a meal
☐ Feels thirsty easily – mouth feels dry all the time and need to drink water to quench thirst
☐ Frequent urination – going to the toilet all the time; nocturia (frequent urination at night)
☐ Weight loss – when it is not planned
☐ Fatigue – often feel tired and sleepy
☐ Prone to infection – for instance, recurrent urethritis
☐ Irritable – feels warm and sweat all the time
☐ Itchy skin – itchy and tingling sensation on limbs
☐ Blurred vision – become dizzy easily
☐ Wounds take a long time to heal
Diabetes, if not controlled, can cause both acute and chronic complications such as heart diseases, stroke, kidney failure, retinopathy, and cataract, which may cause blindness. To find out more, consult a registered Chinese medicine practitioner.
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#男 #女
recurrent stroke 在 臨床筆記 Facebook 的最讚貼文
#lipid #gdl
Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: Synopsis of the 2020 Updated U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline 2020
• 治療目標是預後(心血管疾病、健康、住院、死亡),而不是血脂濃度。
• 血脂(膽固醇、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG):每 10 年檢驗一次,不需要禁食。
• 初級預防:中度劑量的 statins,不要用 PCSK9 抑制劑。高危險群者能加上地中海飲食。
• 次級預防:中度劑量的 statins,高危險群(AMI 之後、ACS 一年內、復發性 AMI/ACS/中風、糖尿病、抽煙、PAOD、PCI、CABG)病人可以用高強度 statins、加上 ezetimibe/PCSK9 抑制劑、禁食 TG > 150 mg/dL(非禁食 TG > 200 mg/dL)者能加上 VASCEPA(Icosapent Ethyl)、地中海飲食。
• 沒有幫助:CAC、CRP、ABI、apolipoproteins。
• 不要用 niacin、fibrates。
Lipitor (atorvastatin 10-20 mg/tablet), Crestor (rosuvastatin 10 mg/tablet).
1. Continue to Treat to Target Dose Not LDL-C Level
2. Use of Additional Tests to Refine Risk Prediction: Evidence Is Still Insufficient
coronary artery calcium (CAC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ankle–brachial index, and apolipoprotein
3. Primary Prevention: Moderate-Dose Statin Therapy Is Still Emphasized; No to Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors
No RCT directly compared high-dose with moderate-dose statin therapy in primary prevention.
4. Secondary Prevention: Moderate Statin Doses Initially, Then Stepped Intensification in Higher-Risk Patients
For higher-risk patients (recent MI or acute coronary syndrome (in the past 12 months); recurrent acute coronary syndrome, MI, or stroke; or established CVD with additional major risk factors (such as current tobacco use, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, or previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention), evidence supports the addition of ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors to moderate- or high-dose statin therapy.
5. Laboratory Testing: No Routine Fasting or Monitoring Is Needed; Less Is More
We recommend measuring lipid levels no more than every 10 years. Note that previously measured lipid levels may be used reliably in serial CVD risk assessments. We do not recommend rechecking lipid levels each time CVD risk is assessed, because lipid levels remain stable within each patient over time and contribute little to predicted risk relative to other factors.
6. Physical Activity: Increased Aerobic Exercise for All and Cardiac Rehabilitation After a Recent CVD Event
7. Nutrition, Supplements, Niacin, and Fibrates: Suggest a Mediterranean Diet for High-Risk Patients, Limit Icosapent Ethyl to Secondary Prevention, Avoid Supplements and Niacin, and Avoid Adding Fibrates to Statin Therapy
https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.7326/M20-4648