關於 reform and opening-up of china ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#Opinion by Cheng Xiaonong 程曉農｜"Had there not been the economic reform on the mainland in 1997, China would not have materialized its economic prosperity; the special status of Hong Kong might not have crumbled; there might have been a smidgen of room for democratization in Hong Kong. After the implementation of communist capitalism and the reform and opening up of China, CCP’s aspiration of eliminating any demand for democracy escalated to the apex."

Read more: https://bit.ly/32fkjzX

"沒有九七年的內地經濟改制，大陸就無法實現經濟繁榮，則香港的特殊地位或可不墜，而香港的政治民主化尚有些許空間；而內地實行共產黨資本主義之後，中共剿滅任何民主訴求的意願便逐步上升到了改革開放以後的頂點。"
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R. Coase 在"How China Became Capitalist"一書結論時說到：

「...China today would hardly be recognized by Mao if he walked out of his mausoleum. He would be astounded to find out that private entrepreneurship and free markets could actually realize his broken dream. ... During the past decades of reform and opening up, the introduction of market for goods has brought prosperity back to China and fortuitously led the country back to its own cultural roots. The development of a market for ideas will make the growth of the Chinese economy more knowledge-driven and innovative. More important, it will enable China to revive its rich traditions through transformative integration with the diversity of the modern world. China will then stand not only as a manufacturing center of the world, but also as a lively source of creativity and innovation.」

（簡略翻譯：毛澤東如果復活走出他的紀念堂一定不認得今日中國，他會震驚地發現私人企業家精神與自由市場竟實現了他未竟夢想。....過去幾十年的改革開放，商品市場的引入將繁榮重新帶回到中國，並有幸地將中國帶回它自身文化根基。而思想市場的發展也必將讓未來中國經濟成長更知識與創意導向。更重要的是，透過充滿變化地與大千現代世界包容整合，將復興中國本身豐富的傳統。中國未來遠不只是世界製造中心，還將會是充滿生命力的創意與創造中心）

Coase Theorem基礎是什麼？是Coase在「聯邦傳播委員會」這篇鴻文中強調：「清楚的產權定義是市場交易的先決條件！（The delineation of rights is an essential prelude to market transactions.）」

Coase既然認為中國的經濟繁榮是因為私人企業家精神與自由市場的作用產物，當然前提是中國具備「清楚的產權定義」。

如果細看"How China Became Capitalist"一書就知道，本書前2章就是在說明中國怎樣從破壞既有產權制度到一片混亂災難，再怎麼於毛澤東死後重新建立可供自由市場運作的產權制度。

有人蠢到以為「Coase Theorem不適用中國」，顯然是無知到極點，根本不熟悉Coase理論也不懂中國現狀。

中國改革開放經驗恰恰證明Coase對得高明、對得無庸置疑。

相比很多其他運動，跑步入場門檻已經算低——極端一點說，起碼你赤腳都可以跑。

若你阮囊羞澀，同時「不幸」愛上了較為貴族的運動，那真夠折磨。

有個高爾夫球場警衛，拍手無塵，卻因為天天看人打高爾夫而愛上這運動。基於身份問題，他只能乾看著。怎麼辦呢？他竟然拾垃圾自製高爾夫球棍，再撿人家打丟了的球來在夜晚偷偷練習。

後來，他甚至向球會要求不要發薪，只求容許他在正式球場練習。如果不許，他就乾脆辭職。

結果，他辭職了。

結果，他成為了職業高球員。

媽的，故事熱血至此，看得我幾乎拍掌。

這傢伙，叫周訓書，我就是從這本《高爾夫與中國夢》讀到這真人真事。就算你像我對高爾夫一竅不通，但相信這樣豁出去的故事，一定使你感動。

【吾運動‧吾閱讀】－　#蝦叔

《高爾夫與中國夢》
作者：丹．華希本
譯者：吳國卿

芸芸運動之中，高爾夫球可說是政治色彩最濃厚的一項，例如美國總統特朗普就不只一次與日本首相安倍晉三打高爾夫球。無巧不成話，這場「高爾夫外交」亦早於上世紀50年代時開展——安倍的祖父，也是日本前首相岸信介亦曾與時任美國總統艾森豪威爾一起揮杆。

在中國，高爾夫球政治色彩亦不遑多讓。今年適逢中國改革開放40周年，而高爾夫便是在改革開放初期引入中國。不過一直等到近20年，中國高爾夫球方迎來急速發展，球場如雨後春筍般出現。

在高爾夫運動水平方面，中國現時也在世界高爾夫球壇上佔有席位。最佳例子是女球手馮珊珊於2016里約奧運奪得銅牌，又曾問鼎世界第一寶座。在這風光時刻，絕難想像到不過數十年前，中國首批職業高爾夫球手竟是由球僮甚至球場警衛這些人自學苦練而成。

美國記者丹．華希本的著作《高爾夫與中國夢》就是透過三線故事去描繪高爾夫球運動這些年來在中國的發展。當中有靠自行摸索踏上職業之路的球場警衛、有美國高爾夫球場設計師，還有靠開發高爾夫球場而脫貧的當地人。他們的故事各有各傳奇，從他們的故事足可拼湊出高爾夫在中國發展的立體面貌。

作者的敘述頗為精彩，中國人由當初連高爾夫是何物也尚未懂得，到爭相走入圈子內，折射了近年中國社會的變遷。其中警衛自學成為職業球手的故事，更是意外地激盪人心，運動愛好者必有共鳴。

#新地公益垂直跑 #新鴻基地產 #運動 #高爾夫球

【Exercise and Read】Uncle Shrimp Running

The Forbidden Game: Golf and the Chinese Dream
Author: Dan Washburn
Translator: Wu Guo-qing

Golf is considered as one of the most politicized of all sports. A typical case to demonstrate is the fact that the US President Donald Trump has played golf with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe more than just once. Actually this “golf diplomacy” was started in the 1950s, when Abe’s grandfather, former Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi, and the then US President Dwight Eisenhower, got into the swing of things on the golf course.

It was full of “golf politics” in China either, despite the fact that golf was only introduced to the country almost 40 years ago at the early stages of reform and opening-up. Over the past 20 years, China has enjoyed a golf boom as lots of new courses have opened up.

Today, China plays a position in the world of golf. The best example is Shanshan Feng, the Chinese golfer who won the bronze medal at the 2016 Olympics Games in Rio de Janeiro and at one time was first in the women’s world golf rankings. It is hard to fathom that just a few decades ago, China’s first professional golfers were actually “ball boys” and even golf course security guards who learned the game on their own.

In The Forbidden Game: Golf and the Chinese Dream, American journalist Dan Washburn vividly depicts the growth of Chinese golf over the years by revealing the lives of three men: a golf course security guard who explored the game by himself and became a pro, an American golf course designer, and a local who was lifted out from poverty through a reliance on building of golf courses. Their extraordinary stories and experiences weave together a living portrait of China’s golf development.

An engrossing and compelling narrative, the author uses the expansion of Chinese golf as a lens into the country’s social changes in recent years. Coupled with heart-stirring stories like the security guard turned golf pro, this book will definitely strike a chord with sports enthusiasts.