Question 1

林口 政治 版李季Liz 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

近期有三個案子都與威權、政治相關，分別是 #杯具社 改編自小說《一九八四》的同名影像作品、史明文物館開館計畫，以及主持有關朝鮮的特輯。　我在這三個案子裡面所扮演的角色不同，有飾演受迫害與迫害者的演員、紀錄者、也有主持，而這三個案子也在九月到來之際，依序有了階段性的結束。《1984》投入的時間最長，也在排練之前看了George Orwell的原著，關於毛扶正的故事則是拍攝過後才看了紀錄片。對於意象劇場經驗並不多，為此在收到劇本之時，那與一般寫實文本是全然不同的消化體驗，我感覺在排練時演員與導演所工作的面向是非常不同的，與作品本身要傳達的意念也是；愈到後期，一切看似不相干的齒輪會神奇地嵌合而一，這是我的歷程。有次導演針對劇中一場情感最重卻也最為隱晦之處，說到了自己的觀點。回到家以後，我一直在想著關於導演「隱晦」的這個選擇。「沒有人有權利因為彼此的顏色不同，而對彼此施加壓迫。當然我們也不應該因為彼此顏色不同，而收回對彼此的親情，友情與愛情：如果我們因為顏色不同而厭惡彼此，那正是極權政府想要達成的目的」「目標在於透過文學經典看見政治受難者的疼痛，並拒絕被煽動仇恨」這是我節錄節目單的文字，完整版會放在留言處。我在思考著自己對於國民黨的立場、對台灣的立場，當我公開表述時，怎樣的界線是煽動仇恨？我對國民黨的想法，是希望他們早日繳出上億不法黨產；我也希望台灣落實轉型正義，改掉各種威權時代下的公設命名。　後來我接觸 #史明文物館 這個案子，它與我投入《1984》的時間略有重疊。撰寫了台灣四百年史的史明，革命的故事多如繁星，活過了一世紀，留給後人的那麼多，知道的人卻不可思議地少。我身邊有同齡的人不知其名，也有人認同台灣便是從中國脫出的一個小島，文化上一脈相承，不可分離視之。能有這個機會與館方合作我很感激，尤其館方又是與史明一同行路一段的人們，更是讓我心有戚戚。每個人都有自己的想望與詮釋，但何來如此多的抗拒與對立呢？我知道關係是複雜的，歷史與各方利益更是不可能切割，但至少，我想透過一己之力，去拓開一點鬆動的可能，其實夥伴很多的，而夥伴的串聯又可以拉起更多人的手，有那種溫暖的感覺。與其說我認同作為革命家的史明，激賞作為一個「人」的史明，更接近我對他的敬佩之心。說到台灣，就再往下提第三個案子，當時特輯所訪問的兩位來賓AB，一位從事朝鮮貿易，一位從事朝鮮旅遊業。我在閒聊的時候有跟他們交流國名稱呼的問題，對於朝鮮來說，因為不承認大韓民國，只承認朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政權，所以稱呼他們北韓對他們來說是不恰當的；而對韓國來說，不承認朝鮮，所以叫他們南朝鮮也會非常冒犯。在整場訪問之中，我都以他們認為尊重的方式稱呼他們的國家。當時印象深刻的是，從事貿易業的A說：「大家都認為朝鮮很可怕，事實上你可以想像成是台灣的兩蔣時代，你會覺得可怕嗎？不會嘛，你爸媽也是那樣子活過來的不是嗎？」我是覺得非常可怕的呢，活過來的人的確很多，但也不明不白地死去許多人。第二句印象深刻的話是，A說他們圈子的人常說「在朝鮮你不作死就不會死。」我還是覺得很可怕，畢竟遊戲規則是國家訂的，與之相比人民是多麼渺小。訪談過程我以一貫活潑的風格順利完成了，關掉相機之後再閒聊了一會，B提起了無足輕重的一件事，開頭就說這個就不能在節目上說了。我在想，這樣的價值觀的確是我們的社會一般人難以想像的：被支配著生活與選擇，如果不聽話就會遭受懲罰，聽話就能安然度日，而統治者是太陽一般的存在。我也同樣相信有人是真心誠意地尊崇這個國家，也無意去挑戰，只是……太陽就是太陽，它不因你是誰而改變對待你的方式，它也不因你存在與否而改變它的消亡。它不須規定你崇拜他，便自成光亮。最後回到《1984》，如果想觀看這部作品，9/3-9/10將於vimeo平台免費播映，隨點隨看。原型為舞台劇，最後以影像問世。如果對於上述議題有興趣的朋友，歡迎友愛週一起觀賞，也歡迎交流呦😊－編導：李昱伶演員（依出場順序）：李季，陳采恩，張昌緬，曾歆雁。音樂設計：劉子齊影像設計：何孟學燈光設計：陳柏為平面設計：郭保伸劇照拍攝：陳柏翰※演出連結即將公告，敬請按讚追踨與分享杯具社臉書專頁。 主辦單位：杯具社協辦單位：林口社區大學指導贊助單位：國家人權博物館補助單位：財團法人臺灣民主基金會特別感謝：二二八國家紀念館、何一梵、林傳凱、河床劇團、耿一偉、桴駱自由空間、夏春祥、黃雅亭、國家人權博物館 典藏研究及檔案中心、鴻鴻(以筆劃順序排列)

Question 2

林口 政治 版時代力量新北黨部 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【時代力量新北黨部新聞稿】疫情期間房價不斷攀升，時代力量提五大呼籲矯正房市政策亂象-疫情期間，我國房價不斷攀升，根據最新的房價走勢，台灣房價已來到新高，房價過高的原因包含囤房過多、社宅不足等現象，這當中又以新北市最為嚴重。為此，時代力量立法委員兼黨團總召邱顯智、王婉諭，與新北黨部彭盛韶、陳姳臻兩位副執行長，以及OURs專業者都市改革組織秘書長彭揚凱於今日（7/22）召開記者會，為買不起房子的升斗小民發聲。盤點房市政策亂象，並提出五大呼籲：-1⃣ 財政部盡快提出囤房稅版本。2⃣ 財政部公開之歸戶資訊應完整。3⃣ 內政部低度用電及新建餘屋勾稽歸戶應進行分析並公開。4⃣ 新北市府及議會儘速提高囤房稅稅率。5⃣ 新北應積極興建社宅並提供社宅免地價稅措施。-#蛋白區擴張，#樹三鶯地區及航空城周邊漲幅最大-邱顯智表示，根據今年五月份的「清華安富房價指數」，新北市為117.99；桃園市達132.35，較去年同期成長6.86%創歷史新高。與去年同期相較，新北市房價漲幅以三峽9.81%為最高，鶯歌9.48%次之；樹林、蘆洲、林口、泰山分別成長8.18%、7.40%、7.16%、6.63%。桃園市房價漲幅則以八德14.84%最高，其次為平鎮，較去年同期成長8.72%，蘆竹和中壢則分別成長7.76%、7.60％。-探究新北及桃園會在今年有劇烈的漲幅，邱顯智認為原因包含兩個部分：一是蛋黃區房價難以負擔，促使往返台北的通勤人口增加；二是捷運三鶯線建設串連大北北桃地區，提供通勤族交通誘因，進而推動樹三鶯及桃園、航空城周邊房價上漲。  -邱顯智進一步指出，根據主計總處2010年的人口普查報告，常住外縣市通勤至臺北市工作人口有 63 萬 4,766 人，其中新北市民占 84％ 最多；而根據內政部今年最新公布的統計資料，桃園市的淨遷入人口在近十年來加速成長，接近18萬人。同時，臺北日間較夜間多71.8萬人，差距最大。依內政部發布的電信信令人口統計，臺北日、夜間的差距高達71.8萬人，是全國差距最大的縣市，平日日間活動人口數為350.8萬人，比夜間停留人口還多了71.8萬人，又以被歸類為商業、行政及文教區的中山區、中正區、大安區等行政區日間流入人口最多。相反地，鄰近的新北市板橋區、三重區、永和區，日間活動人口則較夜間停留人口少。-其中，平日夜間停留人數，以新北市440.5萬人、臺中市308.4萬人及臺北市279萬人分居前3位，若與戶籍人數比較，六個直轄市部分，新北市較戶籍數多37.4萬人、臺中市多26.5萬人、桃園市多26萬人、臺北市多18.5萬人，屬人口淨流入。這項數據代表雖然部分直轄市，其人口流動是正常現象，但是新北市卻為人口流動量最大的直轄市，這意味著新北市與其他縣市早已是共同生活圈；尤其是雙北地區的連結，平日早上於臺北市上學、上班，晚上返回新北市居住早就是常態。-邱顯智說，北大特區因三鶯線通車誘因，導致房價持續上漲，鄰近樹三鶯地區的房價更已來到近五年最高點。三鶯線預計在2023年完工試車，預計串起土、三、鶯及桃園八德擴大「北北桃」生活圈的範圍，該捷運沿線明顯房價高漲。-年輕人對蛋白區住宅有剛性需求，新北市囤房人數及住宅存量卻都居冠，房價抑制機制刻不容緩。-邱顯智總結，高房價早已從蛋黃區往蛋白區，甚至是「蛋殼區」蔓延。根據財政部近期公布的「2020年非自住住家用房屋稅籍個人歸戶統計」及內政部2020年第四季的「住宅資訊統計彙報」資料顯示，六都中新北市的在非自住房屋（7.2萬）及住宅存量（1693,707戶）同樣居冠。也就是說，儘管新北市的不動產供給持續成長，房價卻絲毫沒有下跌的跡象，反而屢創新高，邱顯智認為，相關部門應盡快提出有效的抑制機制，以落實健全房市政策，保障年輕人的未來。-回到中央目前措施，「雙2.0」究竟能否抑制房市炒作？要不要進一步的抑制措施？囤房稅何時才有行政院的版本？我國各級政府幾時才會落實囤房稅機制？他會繼續在國會為民眾監督行政部門。-#新北市青年人口大增　#市府封殺囤房稅讓青年如何安居？-陳姳臻說，許多年輕族群在台北工作、選擇居住在外圍的新北市，導致新北市青年人口數為138萬餘人，占全市約35%，居全國各縣市之冠。市府宣稱為了重視年輕人，於2016年8月底成立青年事務委員會，.並在今年成立青年局，但針對新北市高房價讓年輕人買房困難的問題，市府沒有明顯作為。-陳姳臻進一步指出，根據財政部七月才剛發布的「2020年非自住住家用房屋稅籍個人歸戶統計表」，全國共有50萬6,616人持有非自住房屋，新北市為六都之冠，一共佔了71,804人，佔比14.17%，光是新北總持有五戶以上者就破一萬人。這份資料僅為縣市歸戶，未採計全國多屋持有狀況，實際囤房狀況恐更嚴重。-市府2018年調降囤房稅就引起爭議並登上新聞版面，2016年通過《新北市房屋稅徵收率自治條例》時，調高持有第四間（含）以上的稅率至2.4％，但2017年7月實施之後，2018年5月才開徵一次，同年10月藍綠議員就急忙「調降囤房稅」，下修至1.5%。陳姳臻質疑，在第二屆第七次定期會進行《新北市房屋稅徵收率自治條例》的修正動議時，就高達29位跨黨派議員提案，佔議會全體議員數的43.94%，其中不乏建商出身、與協助建商獲取不當利益而被判刑的議員。-陳姳臻認為，種種現象顯示新北市政府無法堅守「提高囤房成本」的政策、民意機構也無法替宛如無殼蝸牛的民眾把關居住正義。再以牽涉到社會福利層面的稅收來看，當時新北市稅捐處估計每年稅收短缺6.6億，現在三年過去了，換算下來，光囤房稅的稅損可能至少19.8億！-陳姳臻最後表示，國內研究囤房稅的學者張金鶚今年曾提出囤房稅能有效抑制房價上漲的實證研究，有效的累進稅率落實稅賦公平、減少空屋閒置浪費、促進房市的有效居住使用。並藉著囤房稅降低房市炒作誘因，減少投資需求，讓住房回歸居住需求的本質，房價才能有效下跌。-#新北市餘屋規模龐大，#自建社宅怠惰消極-彭盛韶說，囤房成本低的直接影響就是新北市的空餘閒置房屋過多、居住空間閒置，彭盛韶拿出內政部《低度使用(用電)住宅、新建餘屋(待售)住宅統計資訊簡冊》的數據說明，他表示全國至今仍有89萬1,880間低度使用(用電)住宅，其中新北市的低度使用(用電)住宅高達13萬7,081間，數量是全國最高的。若在細看到各個行政區的低度使用(用電)住宅的情形，住宅數由高至低排序，前三個行政區依序為淡水區(21,750 宅)、板橋區(12,698 宅)、 中和區(10,508 宅)。-另外，全國新建餘屋(待售)住宅的數量也破新高，截至2019年我國共有78,443間新建餘屋(待售)住宅，其中新北市共有17,028間是各個縣市中最多的，佔全國新建餘屋(待售)住宅的21.71%。彭盛韶繼續指出，新北市的新建餘屋(待售)住宅其實只有6,826間屋齡在一年以下，換算下來新北市高達59.91%的新建餘屋(待售)住宅閒置未賣出去，可見房市並非市府對外宣稱的那麼熱絡，在高房價時代這些閒置的住宅只會越來越多，彭盛韶認為，若這些住宅一直處於閒置狀態，只會加重房市泡沫化的可能性。-最後，新建餘屋跟低度用電也非常有可能擁有者為囤房戶，然而至今這兩者的關連，主管機關一直沒做相關分析，也讓囤房問題全貌難以釐清。-#社宅房地產稅不能減？#時力呼籲市府別再做社宅免費仔-彭盛韶認為，要解決住宅需求的管道並不限於稅收，多數縣市選擇興建「社會住宅」來落實居住正義。時代力量其實早就要求內政部研議如何在交通轉運點，推動興建學生宿舍及青年混合社會住宅，來減低年輕人及學生的通勤成本及住宿成本。而內政部的答案是肯定的，並建議新北市政府社宅的選址基準，是以新北市溪南（板橋東區、中和區、永和區、土城區、新店北區）、溪北（新莊區、蘆洲區、五股區、泰山區、三重區、樹林北區、板橋西區）都心策略區為主，鄰近於火車或捷運站行政區，以有效減低年輕人的通勤成本。-但是，沒想到新北市在今年後竟然完全不繼續興建社宅，接下來第二階段的社宅興建計畫，新北市不但一戶未蓋反而由中央的住都中心承擔興建的任務，市府如果擺爛不蓋社宅倒也沒關係，但是不應該把歪腦筋打在中央蓋的社宅上。-彭盛韶最後強調，當初在民團舉辦的公聽會上，新北市政府的代表強烈反對社宅減地價稅，他們的理由包含「任何減稅，其實都影響到我們的財務規劃」、「房屋稅、地價稅的減免，是不是應該從地方的角度思考」與「要減稅，替代財源到底是什麼？替代財源要從哪裡來？」他就質疑，當初市府連想都沒想就調降囤房稅，結果當中央協助你蓋社宅後，市府反而要對這些社宅課徵房地產稅，也就是說當其他縣市再想辦法為社宅減稅，新北市卻反其道而行成為高房價的幫兇，彭盛韶質問：「一邊拿來宣稱自己的社宅政績，一邊還對社宅爽收地價稅」這樣兩頭賺，合理嗎？如果市府不知道為社宅減稅後的替代財源在哪？他指出那就恢復囤房稅原本的稅率讓新北市的財務規劃不要被影響。-#民團痛批政府迴避囤房問題　#呼籲相關資料要公開-長期關注我國居住問題的OURs專業者都市改革組織秘書長彭揚凱表示，政府針對囤房問題有幾個階段的變化。第一階段，政府面對各界針對高房價的批評，首先去做的卻不是關心這種現象是否影響到民眾的生活，反而是在去年（2020）5月時發新聞稿表示「數據顯示台灣囤房問題有限，整體趨勢朝向均衡。」然而，這種否認事實且欲蓋彌彰的操作，也掩蓋不了民眾買不起房子的現象。因此，在第二階段時，政府將囤房問題推給地方政府，財政部長蘇建榮就表示，希望各地方政府按照現行房屋稅條例規定，對多屋者訂定較高的稅率來抑制房價；儘管，地方政府普遍消極地沒有採取較合理的稅率，新北市甚至還將原本調升的稅率下修，但是國內稅制的訂定都是由中央負責，未有合理的囤房稅稅制，彭揚凱認為中央難辭其咎。-彭揚凱接著說，眼看既無法否認問題，又無法推卸責任，政府第三階段只好以片面的數據胡亂解釋，在今年3月行政院就表示，若持有超過四戶適用囤房稅，可能影響到全國78萬的承租戶。然而，問題是政府相關數據都未公開，怎麼會知道到底會影響多少人？-彭揚凱認為，資料的有效揭露是政府得以有效治理的首要步驟，與其推卸責任還不如將資料公諸於世。但他觀察下來發現，政府在相關資訊揭露非常被動，這兩年下來都是擠牙膏式的公開，只有在承受不住外界壓力時才慢慢公布「部分資料」。他認為，針對高房價問題，至少要公開以下兩大資料：一是，政府應儘速公布近十年全國家戶總歸戶住宅持有資料，並以排除共同持分與否為區分。二是將空屋與住宅持有資料進行勾稽，以釐清台灣多屋家戶與空餘屋之間的關係。彭揚凱總結表示，唯有公開相關資料，才能夠讓讓高房價問題在基礎上有討論的空間，否則房價只會繼續飄漲。-#五大居住正義訴求一個不能少！-針對上述盤點出的種種問題與建議，王婉諭表示，居住正義一直是時代力量關心的主軸，高房價實質的造成年輕人的生活困境，且誠如顯智委員的發言，大台北一千萬人口的生活圈中，許多年輕人居住在新北，檢討新北的囤房及房價問題有其必要。而要落實居住正義，包括中央及地方政府都有其應當進行的措施，包括：-1⃣ #財政部盡快提出囤房稅版本：呼籲政府應持續觀察房價上升之趨勢，同時積極研擬相應作為。包括時代力量等在野黨已提出版本，我們也呼籲財政部應儘速提出相對應版，好讓政策能在國會中被更完整的討論。-2⃣ #財政部公開之歸戶資訊應完整：先前我們曾提預算案要求財政部公開全國個人歸戶資訊，我們也看到就在昨天財政部於財資中心網站上揭露，然而資料僅揭露非自住的部分，我們認為如要完整了解台灣房屋持有狀況，包含自住及非自住之歸戶數都應公開，且包含個人歸戶及家戶歸戶。-3⃣ #內政部低度用電及新建餘屋勾稽歸戶應進行分析並公開：全台灣包括新北，都有為數可觀的低度用電及新建餘屋戶數，然而這些住宅與多屋持有自然人及法人的關係，也應進行分析。這部分我們呼籲內政部跟財政部要一同進行。-4⃣ #新北市府及議會儘速提高囤房稅稅率：囤房稅稅率調降，不僅讓新北難以抑制炒作，房價不斷拉抬更讓年輕族群苦不堪言。我們呼籲新北市府及議會應共同面對，修正2018年被調降的版本。-5⃣ #新北應積極興建社宅並提供社宅免地價稅措施：新北市府應積極自建社宅，滿足人民需求，同時，不應為圖中央地價稅的挹注而持續消極調整相關措施。我們認為藉由對多屋者課徵囤房稅、社宅降稅的方式，才能達到財税公平正義的精神。-王婉諭總結說，台灣「居住不正義」的狀況已是長期的問題，明年同時又適逢地方選舉，人民都在看政治人物是否能提出相關的改革作為，而時代力量也會堅守價值，與人民站在一起，持續的提出監督政策及倡議作為。

Question 3

林口 政治 版 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司、稽善司、考過司、恩怨司、壽命司、支配司、掌劫司、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

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