關於 陶 塞 橫 斷 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【EP70搭配服用圖表：俄羅斯與他的快樂夥伴們，那些傻傻分不清楚的東方/共產陣營組織】 #請大家一定要一張一張看完

透過EP70詳（冗）細（長）的介紹，我們又解鎖了一個前蘇聯國家：亞美尼亞！但在創作過程中我發現，許多成長於非共產國家的人常常搞不清楚「蘇聯」、「東歐」、「第二世界」、「華沙公約」組織之間的關係，往往將他們當成一群「差不多」的國家；我猜要是考試中出現「羅馬尼亞是不是前蘇聯國家」這種題目，掙扎的人恐怕不在少數吧。

但這完全是情有可原的——畢竟，這些由東方/共產陣營發展出來的聯盟有好多個，每個涵蓋的範圍都不一樣，而且還隨著時間不斷改變，一般人沒事無聊也不會去記這些東西。因此，這集的補充圖表，就嘗試用「類地圖」的呈現方式，幫大家整理一下這些組織——畢竟，其中好幾位蘇聯的前夥伴們，現在可是瘋狂捐疫苗給台灣的大恩人啊～😂

📍 1. 蘇聯（蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟，USSR）
1922-1991年之間存在的聯邦國家，由15個加盟共和國組成。
15國要怎麼記？其實很簡單，分成四組就可以了：

- 東歐4國：俄羅斯、烏克蘭、白（俄）羅斯、摩爾多瓦
- 波羅的海3國：愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞、立陶宛
- （外）高加索3國：喬治亞、亞塞拜然、亞美尼亞
- 中亞5國：哈薩克、烏茲別克、吉爾吉斯、土庫曼、塔吉克

值得一提的是，這15國並非一直不變，像是：
- 帝國解體後，中亞一度出現「花剌子模」與「布哈拉」兩國，但後來都劃入新成立的烏茲別克。
- 鄰接芬蘭的卡累里阿一度為加盟共和國，有學者認為是在二戰前為了兼併芬蘭所做的準備，戰後就降級成為俄羅斯境內的自治共和國。
- 高加索3國原本為一國，稱為外高加索，後來才分割。
- 波羅的海3國後來才併入，摩爾多瓦與中亞5國也都是後來才一一成立。

📍 2. 華沙公約組織（友好合作互助條約，Warsaw Pact）
- 1955-1991年之間存在、與北約對抗的共產國家政治軍事同盟
- 阿爾巴尼亞於1961年停止參與，1968年正式退出
- 南斯拉夫於組織成立前就和蘇聯關係破裂

📍 3. 經濟互助委員會（COMECON）
- 1949-1991年之間存在、與歐洲經濟共同體對抗的共產國家經濟同盟
- 阿爾巴尼亞於1961年停止參與，1987年正式退出
- 其他還有許多國家都曾以觀察員身份列席，族繁不及備載

📍 4. 獨立國家國協（獨立國家聯合體，CIS）
- 1991年成立、由前蘇聯成員國組成、類似大英國協的地區政治協調組織
- 15國中原本除了波羅的海3國都有簽署，但喬治亞2008年退出，烏克蘭與土庫曼則未正式加入，因此目前成員僅有9國

📍 5. 集體安全條約組織（CSTO）
- 1992年成立、目前由6個前蘇聯成員國組成的軍事聯盟
- 原本有9國，喬治亞、亞塞拜然與烏茲別克退出，其中喬治亞未來可能加入北約陣營

📍 6. 歐亞經濟聯盟（EAEU）
- 2011年成立、目前由5個前蘇聯成員國組成的經濟合作組織
- 比起上面CSTO少了塔吉克，主因為塔吉克與吉爾吉斯之間的邊界糾紛，但塔吉克未來仍然可能加入
- 烏茲別克現為觀察員，可能在未來1-2年內成為成員國

📍 7. 捐贈疫苗給台灣的國家們
- 截至2021年9月止，前述國家中慷慨向台灣捐贈疫苗的國家
- 立陶宛、波蘭、捷克、斯洛伐克，其中只有立陶宛是原本蘇聯的成員國

✏️ 備註：
- 為了整體一致性，白（俄）羅斯一律使用舊中文譯名。
- 基於製圖方（偷）便（懶），近代的塞爾維亞直接使用原本南斯拉夫的圖塊。
- 為什麼別的國家都只用一個圖塊、但是俄羅斯一個人就佔了5個？沒辦法，人家是主角嘛，總要讓它展現一下橫跨歐亞的氣勢（攤手

當然，看完了這些之後，大家可以回到節目主題思考一下：所以EP70的主角亞美尼亞，現在和俄羅斯究竟是什麼關係？又為什麼隔壁的喬治亞和亞塞拜然，都接連退出這些俄羅斯主導的組織呢？

【EP70 站在歷史的交叉路口、被阿拉拉特山守護的粉紅之城：亞美尼亞首都，葉里溫散策】

🔈 收聽節目：
Spotify Apple Google SoundOn Firstory Baabao KKBox
各大播放平台搜尋「旅行熱炒店」或至官網

#podcast #travel #播客 #音頻 #自助旅行 #中文podcast #台灣podcast #高加索 #蘇聯 #俄羅斯 #土耳其 #波斯 #鄂圖曼 #拜占庭 #亞美尼亞 #亞塞拜然 #喬治亞 #諾亞方舟 #阿拉拉特山 #亞拉臘山 #納卡 #粉紅色 #自由廣場 #列寧 #十字架 #修道院 #教堂 #戰爭

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

疫情爆發以來，藝術家能做的事不多，平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣，但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙，想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧！於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市，由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版，設計名家黃子欽操刀，附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，疫情消退，平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟，觀照自己的心所。全文如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。

2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開郎基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

00:00 開始
03:46 今晚節目內容
06:46 與波叔家族成員, 識於微時
08:11 鄧成波成功之路
18:50 波叔少年時代
21:02 開始涉觸房地產
25:12 禾稈冚珍珠
43:56 2009年機遇再來
59:13 Jeff Chan 陳積榮

#娛樂八卦 #陳積榮 #鄧成波 #SmartTravel #鄧成波離世 #傳奇舖王 #享年88歲 #霓虹光管學徒 #百億地產王國 #鋪王鄧成波 #生財之道 #藝人 #肺癌 #終年38歲　#2021年11位演藝界名人離世 #是日娛樂名人新聞重點推介


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請用片右下角調4K睇片。

資深投資者鄧成波家族公布，鄧成波於2021年5月14日中午，在一眾家人陪伴下於養和醫院安詳辭世，享年88歲。家人將秉承鄧成波遺志，同心合力發展家族業務，並為國家、為社會積極貢獻。

鄧成波的家人今日發聲明，指鄧一直奉行「高瞻遠矚，刻苦勤儉，審時度勢，隨機應變」的處世及營商哲學，重情義、講信用，深受敬重。家人將秉承其遺志，同心合力發展家族業務，並為國家、為社會積極貢獻。

聲明又提到，感謝各界友好的懇切關心及慰問，以及養和醫院醫護團隊的悉心照顧。有關喪禮安排詳情，家人將適時公布。


鄧成波在高峰期於香港持有逾200項工商舖物業，因此獲得「舖王」之稱。

根據他家族旗下的陞域集團官網資料，該集團與鄧成波家族共同管理總值約730億港元的房地產組合，集團業務包括房地產投資及管理、酒店及餐飲服務、通訊服務、金融服務，以及社會創新業務The STILE所推動的安老服務及創業創新平台，旗下營運超過40個品牌。

不過喺疫情重創香港經濟之際，鄧氏頻頻沽貨套現，去年底傳出他計劃出售達1/4的集團投資物業組合套現，當中不乏以低市價沽出。

他與有關人士最近亦招標出售九龍城聯合道2至18號一籃子物業，意向價約25億港元，整個項目共涉及18個地段，總地盤面積約兩萬方呎，買家可選擇購買全部或部分物業。

他膝下育有5名兒子，由於近年退居幕後，業務多由孻仔耀昇打理，現為陞域集團行政總裁，亦被外間視為接班人。據悉，鄧成波的次子耀文亦有協助打理地產業務，三子耀輝於1995年創辦連鎖眼鏡店品牌尊貴視力，四子耀邦近年逐漸參與家族事業。

不如我哋一齊睇下 鄧成波 一生點樣創造佢嘅傳奇

香港地少人多，亦都擁有龐大旅客團，擁有傳統消費習慣的本地人，締造了一個零售業發達的大都會。


過往香港擁有強大的消費力支撐着高昂的租金，商鋪成為一種極具吸引力的物業。由此，又誕生出一批職業工商鋪炒家。

香港有很多位「鋪王」，鄧成波是名頭最響亮的一位。其縱橫樓市近40年，持有遍佈港九新界200多項工商舖物業，人稱「波叔」。

2016年以來，香港投資物業市場興旺，鄧成波亦表現得愈來愈積極。至今兩年內已投資超過160億港元換貨，重組資產。

2018，就有港媒作了一筆統計，表示波叔的目光已抵及新界東部西貢，短時間在當地重注了14億港元投資工廈及商鋪。

其中包括今年2018 3月份向購入四洲食品網匯中心全幢，作價2.5億港元；2017年斥3.65億港元購入實惠集團大廈，以及3.68億港元購入的四洲集團大廈全幢。商鋪方面，有2017年花費4.5億港元購下西貢花園一間巨型鋪面。

另一方面，2018 5月24日，鄧成波向佳源國際出售了位於新界葵涌、屯門的新合里物業，成功中心，以及菁雋住宅項目共三個物業，再籌得26億港元銀碼。

更早之前，在2017年9月份，波叔就曾將觀塘THE WAVE、銅鑼灣波斯富街多層巨鋪及鰂魚涌東滙中心地庫三處項目打包予中銀國際，估計一次轉手賬面賺約20億港元。


生財之道
「我叫啲鋪作靚女，每日都想睇，買唔買都睇。」

..........................
https://youtu.be/UxkmkbrAKa0

身體狀況雖然轉差，Jeff仍然保持正面心態，他指去年病發初時好積極學氣功，每晚9點入睡，清晨5點前起身吸取陽氣，令身體變得更健康。談到年初時咳到見血，情緒會否變得困擾？他堅定說：「我都盡量令自己舒服，我成日都覺得其實係控制唔到，可能轉頭擴散呢度，又擴散去嗰度，無嘢控制得到，學習接受嘅心態係好重要。但痛苦同辛苦始終係無可避免，當佢（痛楚）攻擊你，當佢（痛楚）嚟時候，盡量去學習點樣放鬆，有信仰就祈多啲禱，盡量令到自己心情平和放鬆，就已經係好止痛方法之一。」

咳到瞓唔到，但係睡眠係好重要，而家呢兩個禮拜就係個腸胃痛。」


患難見真情，好友孫慧雪及謝珊珊不斷支持、幫手，馬浚偉也於阿雪IG呼籲後第二晚，在網上開Live演出為Jeff籌集醫藥費。

建議啲歌手 我一個Zoom, 幾位歌手一齊湊錢


之前跟女友同住梅窩，平靜生活有利好好休養，但自從身體變差，Jeff的哥哥叫他跟女友搬到自己家住，好讓一家人多點相處時間，Jeff也可以多點陪伴年屆84歲有長期病患的父親，他說：「當然一家人感情更加好，但變相亦對哥哥、佢屋企人係一個負擔，因為本身要照顧一個長期病患者，多一個癌症病患者，係一件唔容易嘅事。」

受訪前，Jeff獲中醫師教導用按摩紓緩身體痛楚，他說：「感覺係舒服好多，但每日按摩，講緊每次要按40分鐘，咁係咪親人每日都可以花呢個時間呢？確實有難度，唔係願唔願意，係環境許唔許可，又要照顧你三餐，因為我隻手郁唔到，我煮唔到嘢食，洗碗都做唔到，想幫都幫唔到。」

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https://youtu.be/UxkmkbrAKa0

肺癌是本港癌症的頭號殺手，每年新症超過4,000宗。2017年全港有3,890人死於肺癌，佔所有因癌症死亡的人27.1%，高踞本港致命腫瘤的首位。由1981年至2017年，本港每年死於肺癌的人數，雖間中有輕微下跌，但大致呈上升趨勢，從每年約2,000人，增加至每年約4,000人。
患上肺癌的存活率，因診斷及治療時間而異。美國一項調查顯示，患者若能在肺癌第一期時發現，並及早接受治療，未來5年的存活率可達50%，但若在肺癌發展至第三期時才發現，未來5年的存活率便會降至約15%。
一般而言，肺癌對男性構成較大威脅。以每十萬人計算，2017年男性患肺癌的死亡率為76.5，女性死亡率則為32.4，相差超過一倍。若以年齡劃分，男女患肺癌的死亡率均由40歲起上升，當中男性的增幅比女性更高，85歲以後，男女的死亡率同樣相差超過1倍。
肺癌病徵
肺癌常見症狀​
肺癌早期通常沒有明顯病徵，但隨著病情惡化，周遭的組織會受到破壞，產生各種病徵，包括氣喘、持續咳嗽、痰中有血、聲音沙啞、吞嚥困難、深呼吸時感到肺部疼痛、胸肺反覆受感染或久未痊癒等。患者亦有可能出現食慾不振、體重下降及容易疲倦，雖然並非出現在呼吸系統，卻都是肺癌的症狀。
然而，癌細胞有機會在體內擴散，屆時患者除了上述病徵外，還可能出現頸部淋巴核腫脹、腹脹、骨痛、頭痛，或者頸、面及手部腫脹；嚴重者甚至出現局部腦癇或半身不遂。因此，一旦發現身體有上述病徵，應盡早求醫，診斷是否患有肺癌。

尋找癌症原因
肺癌風險因素
患有肺癌的風險，主要取決於以下因素：
吸煙習慣
這是導致肺癌的主要原因之一，吸煙人士患上肺癌的風險是其他人的20倍。吸煙人士當中，約10%都會患上肺癌；而男性肺癌患者當中，則有約90%是煙民。
吸入二手煙
除自身的吸煙習慣外，二手煙也是肺癌的元兇之一，長期吸食二手煙的人患有肺癌的風險，比普通人高出兩倍以上。
吸入化學物料
長期曝露於某些化學品或建築物料，如石棉、鎳、鈾等，或者吸入大量廚房油煙、燃燒香燭的煙霧或累積在建築物的氡氣〔註1〕，都有機會導致肺癌。
不良飲食習慣
長期缺乏進食新鮮蔬菜、水果和其他含有豐富維他命A的食物，以及經常進食經燒烤或醃製的食物，都是引致肺癌的原因。
家族遺傳
這也是重要因素之一，患者家中的父母或兄弟姊妹同樣患有肺癌的風險較其他人高。
針對以上各種引致肺癌的原因，預防肺癌的方法有很多，例如從未吸煙的人應該拒絕染上不良嗜好，而已經有吸煙習慣的人則應該從速戒煙；同時應勸籲身邊的家人和朋友戒煙，或者減少前往酒吧等較多人吸煙的地方，避免吸食二手煙。至於有害物質方面，員工在工作場所應該遵守安全指引，例如配戴具保護功能的口罩，亦應定期檢查家中的氡氣是否超標。另外，如果從飲食習慣著手，可多吃大量蔬果，但避免服用過多維他命丸，以免對身體引致反效果。
身體影響
肺癌併發症及擴散風險
倘若患者未能及時發現患癌，肺癌病情有機會進一步惡化，釀成更多併發症。例如癌細胞持續長大，可能會堵塞氣管，同時導致大量液體堆積在肺部周圍，令患者在吸氣時，肺部難以全面伸展，呼吸出現困難。癌細胞可擴散至肺部內膜或身體其他部位，令患者感到身體疼痛、噁心、頭痛等。一旦肺癌擴散到其他身體部位，則變得難以治療。
常見檢查方法
肺癌診斷方法
如發現懷疑肺癌的病徵，應先向醫生求醫並檢查。醫生一般會為病人進行以下檢查：
胸肺X光片檢查
透過肺部的X光片，觀察肺部裏面有沒有腫瘤或其他異常的物質。
痰涎樣本檢查
利用顯徵鏡觀察病人咳嗽排出的濃痰，檢查是否有癌細胞。
支氣管鏡檢查
醫生利用軟管插喉，檢查支氣管內黏膜的情況，有需要時會切下有異常的組織作進一步觀察。患者在檢驗前須經麻醉，亦可服用鎮靜劑，方便軟管進入體內，過程約數分鐘。
除上述檢查外，醫生亦可能要求進行下列跟進檢驗：
縱隔鏡檢查
患者須接受全身麻醉，於頸的底部、胸骨上方開兩至三個小口，伸入內窺鏡，觀測肺部和心臟鄰近的淋巴結和胸腺。如果發現淋巴結腫脹，就會從另一個小口伸入手術刀，將其切除。手術需時約一小時，患者一般須繼續留院一至兩天。
電腦掃描
患者須注射或飲用造影劑〔註2〕，然後利用電腦掃描，為體內組織拍攝不同角度的X光片，構成立體影像。
超聲波內窺鏡檢查
醫生將附帶超聲波探頭的軟管，通過口腔進入食道。心肺反彈回來的聲波會經電腦形成影像，從而令醫生得知胸腔內的淋巴結有沒有出現脹大的情況。同樣，如有需要，醫生會切一小片淋巴結作檢驗。
醫生在仔細檢查後，會為患者的肺癌分類及分期。肺癌大致可分為三大類：
小細胞肺癌
佔所有肺癌個案的15%，大多由吸煙引起，增長及擴散速度快
非小細胞肺癌
鱗狀細胞
常見於氣管內壁，一般由吸煙引致。腺癌
由氣管內壁分泌黏液的細胞變異導致。大細胞癌
癌細胞體積大，形狀較圓。
間皮瘤
出現於胸腔和腹腔內壁，多由接觸石棉引致，但病例罕見。
在進行檢驗後，醫生會為患者的病情分期，大致可分為四期：


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湖南省永州，故雅稱“瀟湘”，湖南省地級市。位於湖南省南部，瀟、湘二水匯合處，下轄2區9縣，總面積22441平方千米，地勢三面環山、地貌複雜多樣。2017年常住人口547.97萬人。永州是國家森林城市、國家歷史文化名城。永州境內通過湘江北上可抵長江，南下經靈渠可通珠江水系，自古代便是重要的交通要塞，是湖南通往廣西、海南、粵西及西南各地的門戶。自西元前124年始置泉陵侯國以來，永州已有2100多年的建制史。此外，永州還是懷素、黃蓋、周敦頤、李達、陶鑄等歷史名人的故鄉。唐宋八大家之一的柳宗元被被貶至永州時，留下了《永州八記》，在文學史上影響重大。 2016年12月26日，國務院同意將永州市列為國家歷史文化名城。
零陵古城項目是湖南省「十三五」重點工程、永州市文旅一號工程，項目總投資70億元，於2016年9月正式投入建設。項目以宋代湘南建築為隱形骨架、明清建築形態為肌體、瀟湘永州文化為靈魂，打造成為體驗互動的文化主題樂園；集生態文化休閒、民俗文化體驗、市井文化消費、主題樂園互動、養生休閒度假於一體的文化旅遊產業示範園區。瑤族長鼓是一種膜鳴樂器，其基本形狀皆為兩端呈喇叭狀、中間細小、鼓腹鏤空，兩端鼓面多數以牛皮蒙面，鼓身通常繪有彩色圖飾。長鼓是瑤族民間常見的一種古老樂器，具有久遠的歷史，宋代《嶺外代答》中有「瑤之樂，有蘆笙、銃鼓、葫蘆笙和竹笛」的記載。原來早在12世紀的宋代，瑤族人民已能製作長鼓，但不相送、不出售，並且寨寨都有。古時稱為「鐃鼓」或「銃鼓」。從史料記載上看，瑤族長鼓舞已有800多年的歷史。長鼓舞是瑤民在長期實踐中不斷發展起來的一種民族舞蹈，它是抒發瑤民情懷和反映瑤民生活的精神產品，它所表現的內容都是瑤民的生產、生活在藝術上的真實寫照。瑤族民間的長鼓舞表演形式、套路繁多。其中八排瑤長鼓舞舞蹈時，表演者用綵帶將長鼓掛於左肩，橫於腰際，右手使掌拍鼓，左手持竹片擊鼓，分單人、雙人和群舞等形式，有多套傳統表演程式。長鼓的擊鼓動作大多表現為建房造屋、犁田種地、摹仿禽獸動作等生產、生活內容。舞蹈動作粗曠、勇猛、奔放、雄勁、洒脫，節奏明快、敏捷。舞蹈語言模仿上山下嶺、過溪越谷、伐樹運木、鬥龍伏虎等，形象生動，一看就懂。