答案:佢好可能係一間比體育活動耽誤咗燒鵝店X酒吧
【補充2:有意見指商業營運補貼體育會,恐怕係個美麗誤會。根據南華會年報,2020年來自餐飲嘅租金收入只有$330萬,但餐飲嘅營運turnover 則近億(The total turnover for all of its activities last year was close to HK$99 million,詳見報道),換句話說如果確有盈利,其實好多落咗外判商嘅袋,南華會並無份。
如果南華會繼續要接受公帑資助,較公平嘅做法係南華會同外判商分紅,盈利要註明放返入去發展體育事務,或對公眾提供更多開放時數。】
【補充:早年南華會確實對體育發展有重大貢獻,但不少人亦留意到近年南華會有些轉變,例如外判服務,確係令人擔心,而呢個問題根源,係來自千瘡百孔嘅《私人遊樂場地契約》政策。
報道亦有提及嘅營運模式轉變,其中,泳會自從外判後,泳班價錢調高25%,原本公帑資助地價提供體育設施,結果部分盈利落咗外判商口袋,造成公平性問題。同樣道理,地契寫明不准商業活動嘅原意係為免特惠地變成做生意的地方,所以一般來講,提供嘅餐飲都應該係簡單、廉價,而現在的情況可能會有些問題。
故此,除咗係2026年南華會續約時,應了解以往外判泳班等等嘅情況,有否涉嫌違反地契,再收緊返相應嘅地契條款,而地價、地租可以相應調整,比呢啲體育會更專注發展體育事務,而要做到呢啲嘢,需要改革過時嘅《私人遊樂場地契約》政策。
其他情況更為嚴重嘅會所,例如遊艇會、3C會、哥爾夫球會,情況亦值得大家關注。】
Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 調查發現,同粉嶺哥爾夫球場同屬私人遊樂場契約嘅南華會,內裏活動多姿多彩,除左有燒鵝食、仲有酒吧比會員盡興,飲飽食醉,仲洗做運動?
至於做運動,南華會仲外判左場地比泳會用市價收學生,如果唔熟水,仲可以$2800 用VR 體驗打golf,同粉嶺高球場爭客。
對於呢啲用公帑補貼營運嘅會所搞啲咁嘅嘢,多得地契寫得唔清唔楚,我哋嘅研究員受訪時有咁嘅回應:
Brian Wong from Liber Research, a non-profit research and advocacy group on the city’s land issues, said the term “underlet” may be interpreted as simply subletting a property, or the letting out of a property at below the market rate.
“The lease is written quite vaguely, and gives some flexibility to [government] departments [on enforcement], but if it is sublet to others to make a profit, this runs contrary to the original purpose of private recreational leases,” he said.
報道 : Hong Kong Free Press. 21 August 2021. Concerns over cushy land deals for private clubs spark new probe into city’s oldest sporting association
https://hongkongfp.com/2021/08/21/concerns-over-cushy-land-deals-for-private-clubs-spark-new-probe-into-citys-oldest-sporting-association/
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同時也有28部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,210的網紅DJ Macky Suson,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Check out the differences of Orchard Road in Singapore during COVID19 Phase 1 and Phase 2. Music by David Meraki: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCI-...
「land as a property」的推薦目錄:
- 關於land as a property 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於land as a property 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於land as a property 在 Apple Daily - English Edition Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於land as a property 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於land as a property 在 SiennyLoves Drawing Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於land as a property 在 Dan Lok Youtube 的最讚貼文
land as a property 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的精選貼文
【還原「物業帶動鐵路」的歷史時空】 #永續港鐵霸權 #7月專研
港鐵霸權一大核心就是長期壟斷「鐵路上蓋物業發展權」,今時今日香港土地問題走到如斯局面,與經常被吹噓為「國際成功模式」的「鐵路加物業」(Rail + Property) 不無關係,但服務大眾的鐵路公司搖身一變成為追求利潤的發展商,絕對不是一夕間發生的合理事情。「鐵路上蓋物業」的原意又與今日有沒有變化? 是次研究專題將會透過回顧過上千頁有關香港地下鐵發展的英國解密檔案,還原70年代「物業帶動鐵路」發展模式的源起及原意,將有助進一步理解現時逐漸扭曲的港鐵發展形態。
▌構思初現:初期鐵路物業的背景與概念
「以地養鐵」更早可以在日本找到相類似發展模式 (Murakami, J., & Gregory, K. I.,2012),然而最早「引進」香港的來源暫不可考。但從現有官方內部檔案中,可找到早於1970年交通諮詢委員會 (Transport Advisory Committee)提交的一份《集體運輸計劃總報告書》,報告中建議除了計劃興建已設計的4條鐵路路線,並分9期(nine distinct stages) 完成「理想」鐵路系統(preferred system)外,已有提及「發展上蓋物業」的構思。在報告提及鐵路系統的長期發展影響:
”Wherever subway systems have been built experience shows that property and land increase in value. This opens up the strong possibility that a part of the cost of providing station concourses could be met through arrangements which permit the private development of station superstructures and surrounds.”
當年報告所述,由於預視到鐵路系統的帶動下,當地物業及地價將會升值。因而報告提到有很大可能可以容許私人發展 (private development) 上蓋物業去補貼鐵路站的建設成本。值得注意的是,報告除了提出上蓋 (station superstructures)發展外,首次提到發展上蓋周邊 (surrounds) 的發展概念。可見,現時港鐵圈地/上蓋物業發展一早出現在早期鐵路系統構思之中。
70年代還有差點讓鐵路系統觸礁的財政艱難,更清晰定位鐵路中的「物業收益」有何功能。參考早期關於興建鐵路系統的英國解密檔案顯示,早於1972年,香港政府成立集體運輸臨時管理局(Mass Transit Railway Provisional Authority),打算先行興建較全面、工程單一批予日資財團(Japanese consortium)的早期系統(initial system),但後來石油危機爆發,日本經濟陷入危機,財團先是提出可否修訂興建成本價格上限由50億為60億,遭到管理局拒絕後則宣佈退出鐵路興建,檔案中可看到港英政府曾一度為此而與日資財團就賠償爭執,甚至有香港主要大班 (怡和除外) 都因財政理由反對繼續推展興建鐵路計劃。
當年港英內部評估1980年代交通系統會超負荷,即使鐵路系統已被日資延遲一年(have effectively delayed the MTR project for 12 months),連帶物料通賬的財政問題,但卻認為必須「頂硬上」,調整鐵路系統的財政預算、規模以及未來發展方向,於是臨急推出後來實現的修正早期系統 (Modified Initial System)。在1975年一份關於修正早期系統行政局內部文件,港英將會排除必要鐵路系統以外的多餘支出 (eliminate all expenditures not strictly necessary for resultant simpler system),不僅使整個鐵路規模「大縮水」,同時更建議以溢價債卷(Premium bond)作為融資措施,以及發展沿線上蓋物業(property development on lines)抵消(offset)財赤,皆為確保(safeguard)鐵路在任何情況下的財政可負擔性(the financial viability in any event),讓減少後規模的總興建成本能夠保持於49億的水平。可見,當初「鐵路加物業」發展的概念是在財政大緊縮的特定歷史脈絡生成,目的為防止鐵路興建所帶來財政不穩定情況的其中一法。
▌立業辟地:港鐵上蓋四小龍
直到1975年,為了確保鐵路系統的財政可負擔性以及應急儲備,集體運輸臨時管理局向政府申請批出四個鐵路上蓋物業的綜合發展權(comprehensive development)。而當時行政局內部討論中,一份十分詳細記錄有關批予集體運輸臨時管理局四個上蓋發展權的行政局文件顯示,最早期物業上蓋發展的具體情況:
—九龍灣車廠上蓋物業(現時德福花園):
當時除了作為首個利用鐵路車廠上蓋作物業發展的項目,而且亦成為物業上蓋住宅發展的先例,佔地165,800平方呎,打算興建大型屋苑,滿足18,000個人口的住宅需求。
—亞皆老站(即現今旺角站)上蓋物業(現時旺角中心第一期):
首個非鐵路站上蓋作物業發展,只是相鄰於(adjacent to) 鐵路站,為首個利用鐵路通風樓(ventilation shaft)的物業發展。
—金鐘站上蓋物業(現時海富中心):
佔地60,000平方呎的海富中心,當時金鐘站上蓋物業批地條例原來有列明非工業用途,包括興建酒店(non-industrial purposes which may include a hotel)。
—畢打/遮打站(即現今中環站)上蓋物業(Pedder/Chater)(現時環球中心):
當時批中環商業靚地予鐵路公司的理據明顯為商業利益最大化(maximum exploitation of the commercial possibilities),一來可以善用土地資源(物業建於鐵路站上蓋),二來物業及鐵路站同時興建,可以減少工程興建時發展阻礙(development disturbance)。
其後地鐵公司分別與恆隆、合和、長實多間發展商共合發展上述四個上蓋物業,作為「鐵路加物業」發展模式的雛型,當時內部估計以上物業收入將會佔地鐵公司總收益的20%。當年批出九龍灣車廠上蓋物業上公頃的市區發展土地,整體政府部門都相當歡迎,認為可以平衡當區公屋主導的房屋格局,與及能夠為該區提供額外設施的機會,甚至具體要求屋苑內有至少10戶1車位的發展條件 (XCC(75)52)。此四幅最早批出的上蓋物業發展,從通風樓到車廠、由單一大廈到綜合發展,已是奠定了日後鐵路物業發展的主要選址方式與發展類型。
▌誰主上蓋物業?
這份行政局文件亦載有早期鐵路用地發展權的重要批地原則(principles to be adopted in respect to land grant to Mass Transmit Railway Corporation),是還原物業上蓋發展歷史一份重要參照。文件清楚列出,上蓋物業不一定是地鐵公司「囊中物」,鐵路物業發展權是否批出,或批給誰,完全是政府「話事」 (the grant of comprehensive development rights on land affected by railway installations will be discretionary)。
文件亦同時指出,程序上地鐵公司需要先向政府申請(formally apply)批地,政府可以基於實際考慮 (practical consideration) 決定如何運用這些鐵路上蓋用地的發展潛力 (for government to decide on how to dispose of any development potential remaining in the land over and above its Mass Transit usage) 。換言之,港鐵的上蓋發展絕對可以由政府主導及決定,包括根據現時的實際考慮(公營房屋供應長期落後及不足)用作興建公屋,不一定用於與發展商合作興建私樓供港鐵公司利潤最大化。
▌物業收益應急而起
70年代尾,鐵路系統打算擴建至荃灣區。翻查1978年有關鐵路擴建荃灣(Mass Transit Railway extension to Tsuen Wan)的行政局文件顯示,當時除了提及車廠上蓋物業發展的選址爭議外,亦有提及港英對發展上蓋物業的財政原則。物業發展的收入原本並不用作補貼鐵路成本 (revenue from property development was not originally envisaged as being used as a means of financing the capital cost of the railway itself),而是作為應急儲備及改善現金流(contingency reserve and to improve its cash flow)。而且更補充荃灣車廠上蓋物業發展的剩餘收入,可以用作應對以下4個應急情況:
—抵消「超支」建築成本(offset any excess construction costs)
—抵消收入財赤(offset any revenue deficiencies)
—加速還債(accelerate loan repayments)
—提早鐵路公司對港英政府的投資分股息的日子(bring forward the date when the Corporation begins to pay the Government as share holder on behalf of the public dividends on its investment)
可見,港英多次強調,鐵路上蓋物業收入為確保財政可負擔性(viability)及應急(contingency),而非像現時政府愈來愈恆常化送地予港鐵興建私樓賺錢。
引述法國城市學者Aveline-Dubach整理地鐵公司至其後港鐵自1980至2016年收入可見,明顯看見90年代末東涌綫及其後的將軍澳線所帶動的物業發展收入比例愈來愈重,已經超越鐵路票務收入,現時每年物業收益足足佔港鐵總收入四成。可見,透過重現當初的批地原意,更能突顯漸走向扭曲的港鐵發展形態,形成尾大不掉之勢。
▌賣樓補車費:明言物業發展利潤補貼車費
港鐵不應用上蓋物業賺盡的討論,亦見於地下鐵路公司條例的立法階段的重要討論。一份1975年討論地下鐵路公司草案(Mass Transit Railway Corporation Bill)的行政局文件,提及鐵路公司需要按照審慎商業原則 (prudent commercial principles)。鐵路作為公共交通工具,不應最大化其投資回報 (maximize its return on investment),只應賺取足夠(enough)收入作營運開支。
文件亦可見當年政府就發展上蓋物業項目的收益,會清晰公開回應指物業發展可為鐵路帶來的額外利潤,以維持一個「保守的車費政策」 (assist the railway by providing extra revenue to maintain a conservative fares policy)。比起今天已經與物業收益「脫勾」的「可加可減」車費制度,當日港英政府明顯認為物業收益有助更平宜的車費定價。
在40多年前的歷史時空,當初「鐵路加物業」發展模式跟現時已經不可同日而語,發展上蓋物業不論就其發展型態、財政狀況、規劃模式、補貼原意,明顯有其特定的歷史脈絡及原意。是次研究專題透過還原早期興建地鐵的歷史討論,帶出現時不斷被政府吹奏作為「國際級典範」—港鐵發展模式,並不是一套千秋萬世的發展方程式。
參考資料
1971 FCO 40 358 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 658 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 659 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 660 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1978 FCO 40 974 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
Aveline-Dubach, N., & Blandeau, G. (2019). The political economy of transit value capture: The changing business model of the MTRC in Hong Kong. Urban Studies, 56(16), 3415-3431.
Murakami, J., & Gregory, K. I. (2012). Transit value capture: New town codevelopment models and land market updates in Tokyo and Hong Kong. Value capture and land policies, 285-320.
研究自主 月捐撐起最新專研系列:https://liber-research.com/support-us/
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land as a property 在 Apple Daily - English Edition Facebook 的最佳貼文
#Opinion by Kay Lam|”The national security law can easily override the private property rights, and Lam can ʻfreeze the assetsʻ of people, saying it as a way of ʻreinforcing Hong Kong’s status as the international financial center.ʻ
So the NPC could give us a hand to ʻimproveʻ the land policy, acquiring a large amount of land from developers, which is also to ʻreinforceʻ Hong Kong’s housing market and ʻrevitalizeʻ Hongkongers’ confidence.”
Read: https://bit.ly/3bNPWGa
“國安法可以輕易凌駕私有產權,而林鄭月娥對「凍結資產」,也可以說成是「鞏固香港國際金融中心地位」;那麼由人大出手「完善」收地政策,大量向地產商徵地,當然也是「鞏固」以及「振興」香港樓市與港人信心了。”
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land as a property 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的最佳貼文
Check out the differences of Orchard Road in Singapore during COVID19 Phase 1 and Phase 2.
Music by David Meraki: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCI-ShiSbaApBfnKdgVaSWsQ
Fun Facts:
Orchard Road is a famous street in South East Asia, and increasingly across the world. Adorned with stores, malls, eateries and sites, the 2.2km strip is a paradise delight for shoppers and tourists alike. But there are a few things about Orchard Road that are little known, and adding these to your bank of knowledge could quite impress whoever you choose to stroll down the famed boulevard with. It’s not all about shopping and consumerism, there’s a lot more to this historic street in the Lion City.
1. If you perchance to stroll down Orchard Road between around 6:30 to 8:30pm, you may notice that the human species is somewhat outnumbered by another; hundreds and hundreds of birds flock to the famed shopping street in the evening, The Birds
If you perchance to stroll down Orchard Road between around 6:30 to 8:30pm, you may notice that the human species is somewhat outnumbered by another; hundreds and hundreds of birds flock to the famed shopping street in the evening, and their singing of sunset songs can actually become quite a racket. But why are there so many birds? Singapore is actually located right on course of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway – the migrating path of thousands of birds, and the island is an essential stop for the birds to refuel – and what a place to do it! Munching on leftover food, and singing from the many treetops that line the streets are four different species of birds; the Asian Glossy Starling, the Javan Myna, the house crow, and the rock pigeon.
But their presence comes with an unsightly catch – the poop. Executive Director of the Orchard Road Business Association, Steven Goh, is expending much effort and a lot of resources to keep the boulevard clean. For example, up to 3’000 litres of water every night is used to pressure clean the street and rid it of bird poop.
1. What’s in a Name?
The name Orchard Road actually originates from where you might think – it was once lined with orchards! Early in the 19th century it was home to Pepper and Gambier plantations, which years later gave way to Nutmeg and Fruit Orchards.
It’s rumored that a “Mr. Orchard” used to own some of the land at the corner of present-day Scotts Road and Orchard Road, and as lovely as that might be, there doesn’t seem to be much evidence to support it.
1. What Once Was…
As well as fruitful orchards (that sadly diminished mostly due to disease), Orchard Road was also once the location of three cemeteries; a Chinese cemetery, a Sumatran cemetery, and later on, a Jewish Cemetery.
By the 1860’s there were many private houses on Orchard Road, and in the early 1890’s, King Chulalongkorn, King of Siam, acquired “Hurricane House”. Later two pieces of property were added on, and it is now the site of the Royal Thai Embassy, at 370 Orchard Road.
The early 20th Century saw Orchard Road as home to a number of different things including fresh produce markets, car parks, the Orchard Road Railway and the Glutton’s market – where locals would wait for the clock to hit 5pm before setting up a number of stalls selling local cuisines and goodies.
And then in 1958 the Orchard Road that we know now began, with the opening of CK Tang’s Department store – the first and longest-running of its kind on the strip.
1. A Secret Street
Just a hop behind the glamourous Orchard Road, is another awe-inspiring street, but not for any of the same reasons.
Emerald Hill is a little street of terraced houses that feels as though it’s been frozen in time – a stunning display of Chinese Baroque architecture, this little street definitely deserves a little of your time away from Orchard Road.
What was once a nutmeg plantation (which sadly failed due to disease) has since become the home of many-a-wealthy Singaporean, and has even been the mystical setting for many short stories written by pioneer of Singaporean Literature Goh Sin Tub.
https://singapore.concordehotelsresorts.com/9-mildly-interesting-facts-about-orchard-road-you-probably-didnt-know
land as a property 在 SiennyLoves Drawing Youtube 的最佳貼文
Yeah‼️ XTERRA Malaysia Special Edition 2018 ??♀️??♂️??♀️?♂️ ~ The world ? ’s premier series of off-road extreme multisport competitions ?
It will provide the extreme sports local Malaysian athletes with an international sporting experience as there will be foreign participants ??? from the Asia Pacific & other regions worldwide ?
The event will take place over a 3️⃣-day period starting from 28 Sept to 30 Sept 2018. Majority of the athletes’ ??? between the age range of 25 to 45 years old
XTERRA Malaysia Special Edition 2018 ??♀️??♂️??♀️?♂️ is supported by The Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture, Malaysia Major Events, Johor Tourism, Johor Sports Council & Desaru Coast as the venue sponsor. Located?in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia ?? , Desaru Coast is a multi-phase development that includes 1️⃣ of the world’s? largest water ?? parks – the Desaru Coast Adventure Waterpark, 2️⃣ championship ?golf ⛳️?️♀️?️♂️ courses, world ? -renowned hotels & resorts, a retail village & a Conference Centre. Desaru Coast hosts 3️⃣ international hotel ? brands under its wing, the Westin Desaru Coast Resort, Anantara Desaru Coast Resort & Hard Rock Hotel Desaru Coast. Far from the saturated property & investment environments, the location?is perfectly situated in the southern gateway to Malaysia ?? which can be easily accessible by land ????, ferry ⛴ & air ✈️? for both domestic and international travelers
Yeah‼ It's organised by Tough Gorilla & there will also be workshops conducted by XTERRA Pro Athletes??♀️??♂️, Ben Ellen & Jacqui Slack to prepare contestants???for the exhilarating & challenging courses available i.e.
1. Run Bike Run Duathlon (5km Run??♀️??♂️– 30km Bike ??♀️?♂️ – 5km Run??♀️??♂️)
2. Trail Run??♀️??♂️(21 km, 11km and 5km)
3. Family Fun ??? Beach ?️?️ Run??♀️??♂️(Below 5km)
Website?: https://www.sbbhosted.com/event/xterra-malaysia-2018-duathlon-91
FB: https://www.facebook.com/xterramy/
#XTERRA #XterraMalaysia #2018SpecialEditionRace #DesaruCoast #Desaru #Johor #jogging #running #endlessexperiences #behealthy #healthy #healthylifestyle #lifestyle #sharing #sharingiscaring #blog #blogging #blogger #bloggers #influencer #influencers #siennylovesdrawing
land as a property 在 Dan Lok Youtube 的最讚貼文
The King of the High-Ticket Sales Dan Lok explains to you the different waves of Chinese immigrants. Watch the whole series here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46PChoGSSj5dM60_OayOJJkt
Watch this video until the end to find out the interesting facts about different waves of Chinese immigrants.
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Dan Lok, a.k.a. The King of High-Ticket Sales is one of the highest-paid and most respected consultants in the luxury and “high-ticket” space.
Dan is the creator of High-Ticket Millions Methodology™, the world's most advanced system for getting high-end clients and commanding high fees with no resistance.
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This video is about China’s Millionaire Migration - Why China's New Rich Are Flocking To Vancouver
https://youtu.be/82CK3a2FOTw
https://youtu.be/82CK3a2FOTw
land as a property 在 Property - Wikipedia 的相關結果
In common law, real property (immovable property) is the combination of interests in land and improvements thereto, and personal property is interest in movable ... ... <看更多>
land as a property 在 Land properties - DL MoneyPark 的相關結果
A land property is composed of a demarcated parcel of land surface (CSS art. 667 et seq.). Vertically (i.e. perpedicular to the ground in ... ... <看更多>
land as a property 在 Land Definition - Investopedia 的相關結果
Land, in the business sense, can refer to real estate or property, minus buildings, and equipment, which is designated by fixed spatial boundaries. ... <看更多>