關於 master degree major ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#ApplyQuote Chia sẻ kinh nghiệm du học ở Bỉ & Pháp

Bạn Thu Le trong group Scholarship Hunters đã chia sẻ cực kì chi tiết về việc apply du học tại Bỉ 🇧🇪 , Pháp 🇫🇷 cũng như kinh nghiệm sống và làm việc ở châu Âu của mình. Các bạn nào quan tâm thì đọc ngay bài viết siêu hay ho dưới đây nhé! Bạn ý cũng là cựu học sinh lớp học bổng HannahEd mới có thêm học bổng toàn phần chính phủ Đan Mạch vừa sang lại châu Âu học tuần này đó ❤️

——-
Mình học cử nhân BBA tại KU Leuven Bỉ và sau đó đc trg chọn học thêm IBBA tại KEDGE Pháp theo ctr Double Degree 4 năm 2 bằng ĐH (Mình là ng đầu tiên cũng là duy nhất tham gia ctr này cho đến thời điểm hiện tại). Trước khi học BBA tại KUL thì mình học ISB-UEH hệ Western Sydney University đc 1 năm, trong tgian này mình tự học thêm SAT và tham gia thêm mấy hđnk để improve application. Mình tn trg chuyên tỉnh lẻ GPA 8.9-9.0-9.1 và có giải HSGQG môn t. Anh và IELTS 7.5.

1️⃣ Tại sao mình chọn Bỉ 🇧🇪 ?
Thật ra nhà mình hướng đi Úc vì có ng thân bên đó nhưng cá nhân mình thấy du học Úc đắt và ko biết liệu học xong có thể xin việc ở lại để bù khoản tiền đấy ko. Nên mình đã chọn Châu Âu. Cộng thêm từ cấp 2 mình đã học thêm t. Pháp nên cũng muốn học ở French-speaking country để trau dồi thêm. Sau khi nghiên cứu thì mình chọn học ctr BBA dạy bằng tiếng Anh ở KUL (70% vì ranking - năm đấy trg rank #35 tgioi theo The Higher Education, 20% vì location của trg ngay tại Brussels trái tim của EU dễ du lịch, mtrg international và có nhiều job opportunities, 10% vì dân Bỉ nói t. Anh rất ok ko như dân Pháp và curriculum chỉ có 3 NĂM lại nhìn khá toàn diện, kiểu học mỗi thứ 1 tí rất hợp vs đứa chưa định hướng đc major như mình 😂)

Link ctr BBA dành cho bạn nào muốn tham khảo thêm:
https://feb.kuleuven.be/eng/prospective-students/bachelor-of-business-administration (Overall info)
https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be//opleidingen/e/SC_53266472.htm (Curriculum)

Entry requirements:
Tn cấp 3, IELTS 6.5 (ko có skill nào dưới 5.5) hoặc TOEFL 90, SAT Math 530 hoặc 570 trở lên cho fast admission track, ACT 21 hoặc 23 trở lên cho fast admission track
Học phí: 1750 EUR (tầm 48tr VNĐ)

📍 Câu hỏi mình hay nhận đc là trg có xét điểm tổng ko hay là điểm em vừa đủ thì có đc nhận ko hay nên càng cao càng tốt? --> Với kinh nghiệm làm student ambassador và guide bao nhiêu svien VN vào KUL mấy năm nay thì mình khẳng định là nếu bạn vừa đủ điểm như ycau IELTS 6.5 + SAT Math 530 (trg ko xét điểm tổng đâu) thì bạn auto đc nhận nhé. Dù ranking trg cao nhưng quan điểm của Bỉ là education is for everyone nên đầu vào rất dễ, as long as you meet the entry requirements. Giáo dục của Bỉ theo kiểu đào thải dần, nếu bạn ko siêng năng và ko pass đủ credits thì sẽ ko đc học tiếp. That's why lớp mình năm đấy vào tận >300 bạn nhưng đến cuối cùng chỉ tn đúng tgian tầm 30 bạn (có bạn đã bị trg expell, có bạn đúp lớp, có bạn transfer sang hệ UAS - hogeschool, có bạn chuyển trg luôn)

Năm nay trg có thêm ngành mới là Bachelor of Science in Business Engineering https://feb.kuleuven.be/eng/prospective-students/bachelor-of-business-engineering/overview --> bạn nào là dân Kĩ thuật nhưng vẫn muốn có kiến thức nền về Kinh doanh có thể tham khảo ctr này 😉

📍 Học xong BBA làm gì?
Đa số các bạn sẽ chọn học lên tiếp 1 năm MBA (Master of Science in Business Administration, not professional MBA) với tầm 12 specializations như Finance, Marketing, Strategy, Logistics, International Relations, Information System (ngành này dễ kiếm việc hơn các ngành còn lại✌️) etc. vì BBA khá là chung. Cộng thêm ở Bỉ mng đều tn Master rồi mới bắt đầu xin việc. Kiểu như đây là 1 việc rất tự nhiên ấy 😁
Một phần nhỏ khác sẽ đi làm như mình, nhưng sẽ về nước làm vì Bỉ rất rất coi trọng bằng cấp. Nhưng mình vẫn apply đc chương trình MA của Citibank (Management Trainee) nên du học Bỉ cũng ko hẳn lỗ nhỉ? 😜

2️⃣ Chuyển tiếp sang Pháp 🇫🇷 học Double Degree và đi làm tại Paris
Sau 2 năm học thì mình có option đi exchange vào năm 3 hoặc đi Double Degree (năm đấy thì mới có ctr này lần đầu). Mình đc chọn đi exchange tại Peking University 🇨🇳 và học Double Degree tại KEDGE bên Pháp. Mình đã rất băn khoăn vì exchange thì 1 sem sẽ về là học thêm 1 sem nữa sẽ tốt nghiệp và lên MBA luôn. Trong khi Double Degree thì mình phải học thêm 3 sem và đi làm 6 tháng. Nhưng cuối cùng mình đã chọn đi Pháp, dù vô cùng thích Bắc Đại, vì mình biết thứ mình thiếu trên CV lúc ấy là kinh nghiệm làm việc và chỉ có học Double Degree mình mới có thể đi làm mà job market ở Pháp lại dynamic hơn Bỉ rất nhiều. (Plus, nếu trong trg hợp sau này về VN thì ít ra du học Pháp có tiếng hơn dh Bỉ, và còn có thể xin Working Holiday Pass ở Sing nữa)

Ở Pháp mình học tại KEDGE - 1 business school rank #2 ngành IBBA (https://student.kedge.edu/programmes/international-bba/curriculum) và ko hề trả hphi (trong khi các bạn bthg sẽ trả tầm 10kEUR/ năm) trong khi đc học 1 curriculum vô cùng practical (E-Business, Digital Marketing, Luxury Strategy, Chinese Business, etc.) mà còn đc ăn ké corporate network siêu xịn của trg 🤩 Lúc ở Pháp mình còn đc làm 1 start-up chuyên về parfum ở Entrepreneurship Hub của trg và gặp rất nhiều bạn quốc tế (mang tiếng học ở Pháp nhưng lớp mình chỉ có 1 ng Pháp, còn lại đều là các bạn học Double Degree từ Mỹ/ Ireland/ UK/ TBN/ Đức/ Nga chả khác gì học ở English-speaking country nhé 👏) Trong tgian này mình còn đc nhận Erasmus+ grant nên tính ra ăn ở rẻ hơn bên Bỉ khá nhiều.

Hết 3 sem ở Pháp, mình khá stress vì phải tìm internship abroad, outside Việt Nam và Bỉ. Ở Pháp thì mình ko tự tin lắm vì tiếng Pháp ko sõi nhưng nhờ network của trg, mình đã land 1 offer tại Euler Hermes (Allianz Group) tại Paris và 1 offer tại Singapore (mình tự tìm). Mình quyết định lên Paris làm internship vì lương cao hơn, lại có housing allowance từ Chính phủ nên sẽ sống thoải mái hơn. Bạn nào cần các database tìm jobs tại Pháp và Singapore 🇸🇬 có thể inb mình share nhé.

🍀 Góc qcao nhỏ cho cty cũ: Euler Hermes tại Paris là headquarter luôn nên cviec mình làm rất nhiều và đa dạng, mỗi ngày đều làm với các regional managers từ Pháp, Đức, Hà Lan, Ý, Anh, Bắc Âu, Bắc Mỹ và APAC để cùng manage các customer transformation projects. Tgian ở đây mình đã học đc rất nhiều kiến thức mà khi pvan với Citibank các Heads đều rất impressed và highly appreciated. Vì là HQ nên Euler Hermes có nhiều job offers tiếng Anh lắm nên bạn nào sau này có tìm việc ở Pháp mà t. Pháp hạn chế thì keep EH in mind nhé 😁

3️⃣ Chi phí ăn ở
🇧🇪🇧🇪🇧🇪 Leuven - Mấy bạn lưu ý dùm mình là chỉ mang tính tham khảo nha, vì mình rời Bỉ cũng 2 năm r ah
Dù học ở Brussels nhưng mình ở Leuven (cách Brussels 30' đi tàu cực nhanh) vì giá cả rẻ hơn
🏠Tiền nhà: ~250EUR (trong khi ở Brussels tầm ~350EUR trở lên)
🚉Tiền đi lại: Thẻ bus năm 50EUR (đi khắp vùng Flanders), thẻ tàu zone Leuven - Brussels tầm 20EUR/ tháng
🍱Tiền ăn: ~20-25EUR/ tuần nếu tự nấu (khuyến khích đi Colruyt và Lidl thay vì Carrefour hay Delhaize nếu muốn tk tiền nhé), 1 bữa ăn ở trg tầm 5EUR --> Tổng 1 tháng tự nấu tầm 100EUR, nếu ăn ngoài thì 200EUR nhé
📱Tiền điện thoại: 15EUR/ tháng
💳Chi phí phát sinh khác (shopping): ~100EUR
➡️ Tổng chi phí ăn ở 1 tháng: 450EUR trở lên (Mình hồi đó dùng tầm 350EUR thui vì mình toàn ở nhà tự học ít lên lớp :)))

🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷 Marseille - nơi mình học
🏠Tiền nhà: 360EUR, nhà nước trợ cấp 210EUR (bạn dhs nào cũng đc, ít nhiều tùy điều kiện chỗ bạn ở, vùng bạn sống và thu nhập của bạn) còn 150EUR
🚉Tiền đi lại: 18.3EUR/ tháng (bus, tram, train, v.v)
🍱Tiền ăn (mình ở trg nhiều nên ăn trong canteen là đa số): 50EUR/ tuần
📱Tiền điện thoại: 15EUR/ tháng
💳Chi phí khác: ~100EUR
➡️Tổng chi phí ăn ở 1 tháng: 480EUR trở lên (mình có thêm Erasmus grant cover nữa nên chẳng còn bao nhiêu)

🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷 Paris - thành phố hoa lệ nơi mình làm
🏠Tiền nhà: 480EUR (chính phủ trợ cấp tầm 110EUR tùy vùng như đã nói) còn 370EUR
🚉Tiền đi lại: 350EUR/ năm (tất cả 5 zones toàn Paris) - cty trả 50%, vùng mình ở trả thêm 50% --> 0 đồng :))
🍱Tiền ăn: lúc còn đi làm ở cty 20EUR/ tuần vì tiền ăn cty cũng trả :)), lúc lockdown wfh thì mình ăn 40EUR/ tuần
📱Tiền điện thoại: 15EUR/ tháng
💳Chi phí khác: 100EUR
➡️ Tổng chi phí ăn ở 1 tháng: 675EUR (Mình đi thực tập có lương 1200EUR gross nên cover hết đc khoản này và còn dư cũng kha khá)

Post của mình cover vài điểm chính mà các bạn hay hỏi như trên. Nếu bạn nào còn câu hỏi nào khác có thể cmt hoặc inb mình nhé ☺️

P/s: Nếu mng muốn học hỏi knghiem làm sao để highlight bộ hồ sơ xin học bổng (và cả job) của bản thân thì có thể hỏi chuyên gia Hoa Dinh nha 😉 C Hoa mát tay và có tâm lắm luôn í, biết gì là nhiệt tình share hết ko giấu nghề tí nào 🥰

Link gốc bài viết: https://www.facebook.com/groups/scholarshiphunter/permalink/2773883066202400/

❤ Tag và chia sẻ bài viết đến bạn bè em nhé ❤

#HannahEd #duhoc #hocbong #sanhocbong #scholarshipforVietnamesestudents

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

MOHON SEBARKAN: BIASISWA DEGREE, MASTER, PHD, & POST-DOC

Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Bank Pembangunan Islam (IsDB) menawarkan biasiswa untuk semua peringkat pengajian bagi pelbagai bidang – termasuklah di universiti awam Malaysia. Program Biasiswa IsDB ini membiayai pelbagai elaun bulanan, yuran pengajian, serta kos rawatan kesihatan pelajar. Tiket penerbangan kelas ekonomi turut ditawarkan untuk mereka yang memperoleh tawaran belajar di luar negara. Biasiswa ini adalah terbuka kepada warganegara anggota IsDB (tentu sekali Malaysia termasuk) dan juga komuniti umat Islam di seluruh dunia. Biasiswa ini juga terbuka kepada mereka yang sedang mengikuti pengajian sarjana muda di tahun pertama.

1. Bagi biasiswa peringkat sarjana muda (degree), syarat kelayakan adalah seperti berikut:

• Completed high school with minimum good grades in major subjects or currently studying in first year at one of the top public/government universities in their own countries or in member countries having agreement with the IsDB (Malaysia, Morocco and Turkey);
• Not in receipt of any other scholarship; and
• Be medically fit and willing to undergo medical tests after selection

Maklumat lanjut untuk biasiswa IsDB peringkat sarjana muda (Degree) boleh dirujuk di laman berikut: https://www.isdb.org/scholarships/undergraduate

2. Bagi biasiswa peringkat Sarjana (Master) pula, syarat kelayakan adalah seperti berikut:

• Be a graduate with a grade above “Good” in his/her bachelor studies.
• Not in receipt of any other scholarship; and
• Be medically fit and willing to undergo medical tests after selection.

Maklumat lanjut untuk biasiswa IsDB peringkat Sarjana (Master) boleh dirujuk di laman berikut: https://www.isdb.org/scholarships/master

3. Bagi biasiswa peringkat PhD pula, syarat kelayakan adalah seperti berikut:

• Have Master’s degree in one of the fields of study of the programme.
• Have minimum ("Very Good") academic standing;
• Preferably have work and/or research experience.
• Have a research proposal in one of the fields of study of the programme stating its scientific and development relevance to the community / country.
• Be medically fit and be willing to undergo medical tests after selection.

Maklumat lanjut untuk biasiswa IsDB peringkat PhD boleh dirujuk di laman berikut: https://www.isdb.org/…/phd-and-post-doctoral-research-progr…

4. Bagi biasiswa peringkat Post-Doctoral pula, syarat kelayakan adalah seperti berikut:

• Have PhD degree in one of approved fields of the programme.
• Have minimum ("Very Good") academic standing.
• Have not less than two (2) years of experience in the field of research.
• Must have a record of publications/research in the same field.
• Have a research proposal in one of the fields of study of the programme stating its scientific and development relevance to the community / country.
• Be medically fit and be willing to undergo medical tests after selection

Maklumat lanjut untuk biasiswa IsDB peringkat Post-Doctoral boleh dirujuk di laman berikut: https://www.isdb.org/…/phd-and-post-doctoral-research-progr…

5. Maklumat umum mengenai program biasiswa IsDB ini boleh dirujuk di laman berikut: https://www.isdb.org/scholarships.

6. Rakyat Malaysia yang berminat diseru untuk memohon sebelum tarikh tamat permohonan iaitu pada 28 Februari 2020.

7. Permohonan adalah percuma, tiada bayaran permohonan yang dikenakan sama sekali.

8. Permohonan mesti dihantar melalui atas talian di mana para pemohon dikehendaki mendaftar akaun permohonan atas talian di https://isdbscholarships.smartsimple.com/s_Login.jsp. Klik ‘Register Here’ untuk pendaftaran akaun permohonan.

9. Untuk sebarang makluman atau pertanyaan lanjut, sila hubungi terus pihak IsDB di emel dan nombor telefon berikut:

Scholarship Division
E-mail: scholar@isdb.org;
www.isdb.org
Tel: 00966 (12) 6466835

Saya doakan semoga tahun ini ramai pelajar Malaysia menerima biasiswa IsDB ini dan berpeluang untuk menimba ilmu sama ada di universiti dalam negara mahu pun di luar negara.

Semoga berjaya,

Abdul Muein Abadi
Pensyarah Program Sains Politik Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Computer Music Ensemble: for Black metal vocal, Prepared piano, Real time sound processing.

Composer: Ivan Voinov, Sandra Li, Cvo Yang, Bruce Wang
Sound engineer: Cvo Yang, Bruce Wang
Metal Vocal: Chi Yue
Prepared Piano: Sandra Li

Premiere Production: Body Phase Studio, Guling Avant-Garde theatre, Taipei, TAIWAN, 2014.4.26

About the work:

Dirge is a prepared piano piece that is processed through electronics and fused with a harsh vocal speaking the poem "Dirge" by Shakespeare. "Dirge" is written about death from the perspective of the dying. The meditative, dark sound interlaced with complex piano melodies and rhythms creates a perfect, romantic atmosphere around the aspect of death. The harsh vocal can be interpreted as the cries of a crow, traditionally a messenger of death.


Dirge (134)
William Shakespeare

COME away, come away, death,
And in sad cypres let me be laid;
Fly away, fly away, breath;
I am slain by a fair cruel maid.
My shroud of white, stuck all with yew,
O prepare it!

My part of death, no one so true
Did share it.
Not a flower, not a flower sweet,
On my black coffin let there be strown;
Not a friend, not a friend greet
My poor corse, where my bones shall be thrown:
A thousand thousand sighs to save,
Lay me, O, where
Sad true lover never find my grave
To weep there!


About the composers:

Ivan Voinov is a first generation Russian living in America, where he has grown up, maintaining strong cultural ties back to his ethnic Russian roots, which can easily be heard in his music. During the later years if his high school career, he became successful as an ensemble composer, having several of his pieces performed across his home state, Vermont, and appeared on the radio for interviews on two occasions. Ivan is now studying computer music and recording rats major at Peabody conservatory, studying under Dr. Geoffrey Wright, where he is exploring the rich depths of sounds and capabilities and control pertaining to the field of electronic music.

Sandra Li, of the Siraya people, is a former keyboardist of the classical ensemble "Indulge" and the well-know metal band "Chthonic". Her musical works crossover between classical and fine art, film and documentaries. She is the composer for the TV documentary "Unknown Taiwan" produced by the Discovery Channel. Also, she was the artistic director of the musical "Dark Baroque”. Ms. Li earned the Master of Music degree in Computer Music from the Peabody Conservatory of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., where she studied Computer Music with Dr. Geoffrey Wright.


輓歌

威廉莎士比亞

無常爾來矣﹐置我於柩床。一息已云絕﹐殺我乃姣娘。

麻絰及紫杉﹐速備慎毋忘。無人愛我深﹐乃肯殉我亡。

竟無一好花﹐撒余靈柩旁。竟無一良朋﹐弔余埋骨場。

不須為余泣﹐葬余在遐荒。親友無覓處﹐免其徒哀傷。


《輓歌》是為預先設置的鋼琴，現場即時聲響效果控制，與金屬黑死腔演場所創作的作品。人聲的部分所吟唱的是莎士比亞的詩作 "輓歌"。這首詩所描寫的角度，是從一個渴望垂死的靈魂，面對生命中無法抗拒的凋落。企圖利用鋼琴複雜的旋律與節奏營造出一種完美浪漫的死亡氛圍，暴烈的人聲比喻為烏鴉的哭聲，代表死亡的傳統使者。

Ivan Voinov 來自俄羅斯，成長過程中大部分居住在美國。在他的作品中，充分展現了俄羅斯的民族意識與風格。就讀高中時，已經展露在室內樂作品的創作能量，樂曲曾發表於 俄羅斯，佛蒙特州，與電台相關專訪。目前就讀於約翰霍普金斯琵琶地音樂院電腦音樂系，主修作曲，雙修錄音藝術。師從 Dr. Geoffrey Wright。創作特色專注於聲音的探索以及有關電子音樂現場控制的深入研究。

汪戊全，來自台灣台北，2013年畢業於臺北科技大學互動媒體設計研究所，目前嘗試以手作的細膩態度融入互動媒體設計的謹慎思考，共同創造出述說新形態故事溫暖人心的價值。

楊政，來自臺灣，畢業於實踐大學服裝設計系，在組樂團的過程中受到身邊不同藝術形式的人啟發試著追求無法明確定義的表演形式。曾經重新定義縫紉機的聲音的意義，在各地做過演出，同時於2013年在牯嶺街小劇場手作工作坊演出。

李婉菁 Sandra Tavali，西拉雅人，前indulge , 閃靈樂團鍵盤手； Discovery Channel 「謎樣台灣」配樂，音樂劇「黑暗巴洛克」音樂總監。作品常為跨界藝術、電影、紀錄片配樂等。約翰霍普金斯琵琶地音樂院電腦音樂研究所畢業，師從 Dr. Geoffrey Wright。