#俄羅斯、#沙俄、#蘇俄、#蘇聯有什麼不同?
簡單說一下俄羅斯的歷史
#俄羅斯沙皇國 (1547~1721)
1547年留里克王朝的伊凡四世加冕為「沙皇」,所以俄羅斯開始被稱為俄羅斯沙皇國(Tsardom of Russia),簡稱沙俄,這傢伙就是那個恐怖伊凡。
1598年留里克王朝絕子絕孫,俄羅斯進入大動亂時代(Time of Troubles),直到1613年羅曼諾夫王朝開始。
#俄羅斯帝國 (1721~1917)
1721年,彼得一世打贏大北方戰爭,加冕為皇帝,自此俄羅斯被稱為俄羅斯帝國,彼得一世也稱為彼得大帝。 但中國還是習慣叫沙俄
之後拿破崙戰爭(1803-1815),俄羅斯的亞歷山大一世出力最多,成為歐洲的公道伯,成為了世界一等一的大國。
#蘇俄 (1917~1922)
1917年二月革命爆發,成立臨時政府,俄羅斯帝國解體,接著十月革命爆發,推翻臨時政府,建立了蘇維埃俄國,簡稱蘇俄。
#蘇聯 (1922~1991)
1922年蘇俄和幾個社會主義國家成立了蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟,簡稱蘇聯
#俄羅斯聯邦 (1991~)
直到1991年底解體,就是現在的俄羅斯聯邦。
所以回到主題,照理說1721年後就應該是俄羅斯帝國(Russian Empire)了,而不是沙俄(Tsardom of Russia),但中國人還是習慣叫沙俄,我沒意見,但正確應該是叫俄羅斯。
現在反過來說我不專業?
我說過我幾萬訂閱的時候,影片還真的沒有很認真做,反正沒人看,現在這麼多眼睛在看,我還不認真做?
#講到專業
有時候看到有人問說 有沒有推薦的歷史Youtuber
推cheap大概會有人一副仙人高深莫測的說
「cheap不專業」「cheap有爭議」「cheap講太淺」
真的是爭議你媽,槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵那本書作者賈德‧戴蒙,國際級的大師沒人有意見吧? 他這本書被另一個大師麥克尼爾質疑過,而麥克尼爾自己的著作瘟疫與人也被其他學者教授說什麼太主觀啊~忽略了什麼要素啊,這些大師都有所謂的「爭議」,而我誰? cheap就cheap而已,一個日文系畢業的歷史愛好者。
沒爭議還不簡單,不要得罪任何人,什麼事情都不要有立場,都不要解釋,什麼人都要討好,什麼都要中立,頻道沒有靈魂,懂?
我服務的對象是一般人,不是什麼歷史狂熱者,還是大學教授,我是給一般人看的頻道,我需要商業化,我三天就要出一部影片,我還花三年時間,走遍歐美圖書館、訪問耆老、田野調查做一部影片給你細細品讀啊?
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過147萬的網紅Kento Bento,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Official Kento Bento Merch: https://standard.tv/kentobento Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/kentobento The first 200 people to use this li...
「russian empire」的推薦目錄:
- 關於russian empire 在 Cheap Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於russian empire 在 Travel with Winny 一起跟昀去旅行 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於russian empire 在 堅離地城:沈旭暉國際生活台 Simon's Glos World Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於russian empire 在 Kento Bento Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於russian empire 在 Matt's 電玩之夜 Game Night Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於russian empire 在 Matt's 電玩之夜 Game Night Youtube 的精選貼文
russian empire 在 Travel with Winny 一起跟昀去旅行 Facebook 的最佳貼文
三十一歲了~ 整個世界都是我的伸展台~ 拍照越來越不害臊😎
1898年才建城的大連,曾經是俄羅斯西伯利亞鐵路的最後一站 🚂 也是俄羅斯帝國東岸冬季唯一不會結冰的港口🛳️
1905 年輸給了日本帝國,名稱從 Dalny 變成了 Dairen 🇯🇵 而在第二次世界大戰又把掌管權歸給了中國 🇨🇳 才變成現今的城市🏙️
我們在這裡的一個下午沒有步行距離旅館太遠🚶附近有許多俄羅斯時期遺留下來的建築,許多都是仿巴黎風格的樣子❤️
說真的要不是 York 對這裡的歷史跟建築很感興趣,不然我應該會待在溫暖的旅館耍廢吧🤣 果然有時候還是需要旅伴才有出門的動力😛
#大連 #中國 #俄羅斯建築
跟蹤 IG 看更多即時動態 ➡️ www.instagram.com/travelwithwinny 📷
Dalian built in 1898 became the southern tip of Trans-Serbian railway under Russian rule🚂 As well as the main port for the eastern Russian empire 🛳️
Following the Russian defeat to Japanese, the city was renamed to Dairen in 1905🇯🇵
The Chinese governments then resume control after WWII and the city became what it is today🇨🇳
We spent an afternoon here walking around our hotel and discovered many buildings remained from Russian-colonial times🚶
Some of the architectures were heavily inspired by Paris so they were really grand 🗼
Glad York dragged me out of the hotel to explore this city otherwise I would've stayed in the hotel where it's nice and warm 😛
#dalian #china #russianinspired
russian empire 在 堅離地城:沈旭暉國際生活台 Simon's Glos World Facebook 的最佳解答
🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
russian empire 在 Kento Bento Youtube 的最佳貼文
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[WHERE ARE THE ASIAN BORDERS? (PART 3: NORTH AMERICA)]
Asia is the largest of all continents, covering an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres, that's 30% of the Earth's total land area.
It has given rise to many of the world's first civilizations, and has long been home to the majority of the human population.
But have you ever wondered what actually counts as Asia? Where exactly are the borders?
Do they sit nicely in between countries, or can a country be divided?
This video is part three of a three part series. We cover the specific Asian borders between Northeast Asia and North America.
In particular: Chukotka, Siberia, Alaska, Wrangel Island, Bering Strait, Bering Land Bridge, Diomede Islands, Russian Empire, the US purchase of Alaska from Russia, state boundaries or continental boundaries affecting the indigenous inuit people, St.Lawrence Island, St. Matthew Island, Pribilof Islands, Kamchatka, Aleutian Islands, Amatignak Island, Semisopchnoi Island, Commander Islands, state 180th meridian line (antimeridian), the International Date Line, the greenhouse effect and global warming.
russian empire 在 Matt's 電玩之夜 Game Night Youtube 的最讚貼文
Mattㄟ粉絲專頁 ►
https://goo.gl/e148I4
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想加入一起玩?►
PS4ID: MattHuang850813 (如果我在線上可以直接加進來,時間沒有固定)
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更多《戰地風雲1》歡樂和更多時刻!►
https://goo.gl/5QvpGi
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背景音樂►
1. Imperial Anthem of the Russian Empire (1833-1917)
2. Oh hi Mark
russian empire 在 Matt's 電玩之夜 Game Night Youtube 的精選貼文
Mattㄟ粉絲專頁 ►
https://goo.gl/e148I4
--------------------
想加入一起玩?►
PS4ID: MattHuang850813 (如果我在線上可以直接加進來,時間沒有固定)
--------------------
更多《戰地風雲1》歡樂和更多時刻!►
https://goo.gl/5QvpGi
--------------------
使用畫面►
1. Captain America - Plane Crash Scene
2. Dunkirk - Trailer 1 [HD]
--------------------
背景音樂►
1. Imperial Anthem of the Russian Empire (1833-1917)
2. MarQuis Trill - Hit The Dab Official Music Video
russian empire 在 Russian Empire | History, Facts, Flag, Expansion, & Map 的相關結果
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russian empire 在 The Fall of the Russian Empire: The End of the Monarchy 的相關結果
The position is serious. There is anarchy in the capital. The government is paralyzed. The transportation of fuel and food is completely disorganized. The ... ... <看更多>
russian empire 在 Russian Empire - Wikipedia 的相關結果
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