核電不敵再生能源,衰退已成定局
2017《世界核能產業現狀報告》說到,「報告已敲醒鐘,辯論已然結束。世界能源的優先選擇順序上,核電將被太陽和風力所取代。這並非夢想或推估,而已成為現實」。而根據2020《世界核能產業現狀報告》全球能源發展的整體趨勢呈現為再生能源持續有突破性發展,核電則不論在發電量增長、發電占比或是發電成本上,皆 #不敵再生能源。
以下我們整理了幾點核能不敵再生能源的事實:
✅ 均化成本:核電已比風、光貴將近4倍
根據金融諮詢和資產管理公司拉札德(Lazard)2019年的能源技術成本報告,太陽光電的均化成本(註1)從2010年每度電 0.359美元降至2019年0.041美元(USD/KWh),降幅89%;風電從每度電0.135美元降至0.04美元,降幅70%;核電成本十年來則上升了26%,從每度電0.123美元漲至0.155美元,已比風、光貴將近四倍。
✅ 投資金額:全球再生能源投資金額是核電的10倍
《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》(註2)指出,2019年全球挹注於再生能源上的總投資超過3000億美元,是核能發電投資的十倍之多。
✅ 就業人數:未來再生能源就業人口是核電的36倍
根據國際再生能源總署(IRENA)2018年的報告(註3),2016年全球再生能源就業人數已達到近1000萬人,核電為70萬,而在全球升溫於世紀末前控制在2度C的情境中,再生能源至2050年預估可創造2880萬個就業機會,核電為80萬。
✅ 平均建置期:核電比風跟光多花2倍時間
根據五位能源學者分析123個國家的數據後共同發表的報告《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(註4),核電的平均前置期為 90 個月,風力和光電僅為 40 個月。因此在投資同樣金額之下,再生能源比易受延宕的核電更能迅速地減少碳排放。
✅ 碳排放量:核電碳排最高將達到再生能源的10至18倍
史丹福大學環境工程學系教授Mark Jacobson的研究報告指出(註5),將不同電力來源生命週期,包括採礦、燃料製造、電廠營運到後端除役與廢料處理過程之碳排都完整計入時,核電的碳排放量將高出再生能源10到18倍。另一個匯集分析了103份核電生命週期碳排的研究(註6)則指出,每度核電的平均碳排約為66克二氧化碳當量,相較之下太陽光電是32克二氧化碳當量、離岸風力則是9克二氧化碳當量。
Jacobson也指出另一個常被忽略的「機會成本碳排」,是指由於興建速度緩慢,需要耗費更多時間依賴化石燃料,因此相較其他更快速的電力選項會再增加額外的碳排。新建核電的機會成本碳排和風電相比,每度電為64至102克二氧化碳當量。
✅ 發電佔比:再生能源占比超越核電
非水力再生能源在2019年時貢獻了全球10.39%的發電量,首度超越核電的10.35%,其中核能發電的發電占比自1996年以來便持續下降,2019年只比前一年微幅成長0.2%。
✅ 裝置容量年成長:風和光是核電的65倍
根據《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》,全球非水力再生能源在2019年新增的裝置容量達到184GW,創下歷史新高,其中風力發電量新增59.2GW,年增率為13%;太陽光電新增了98GW發電量,年增率為24%,相較之下,核能發電的淨成長僅為2.4GW,年增率為3.7%,且有一半來自於中國。
✅ 國際能源總署的評估:再生能源減碳貢獻遠超過核電
國際能源總署(IEA)今年發布的「2050淨零:全球能源部門路徑圖」報告(註7)中指出,為了達到2050年淨零目標,再生能源在全球電力的占比需要達到將近90%,核電則不到10%。
種種對比顯示核電在現今社會已經是過時又危險的舊世紀產物,全世界都在減少核電(除了中國),台灣卻還有某群人在掙扎,不免讓人擔心是否墨守成規,不願接受世界趨勢。因此,我們邀請大家在12/18的全民公投第17案投下不同意票,讓台灣邁向更乾淨、更安全的家園。
#分手吧我們不核四
#核四公投17不同意
#12月18日公投讓我們大家ㄧ起對核四公投案投下不同意票
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註1:均化成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)用來計算發電設備壽命週期內的平均發電成本,包括投資、運轉與維護、燃料及除役成本,是評估電力技術競爭力的基本指標。
註2:《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》”World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020” https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2020-.html
註3:國際再生能源總署(IRENA)- " Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 "
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Apr/IRENA_Report_GET_2018.pdf
註4:《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344482658_differences_in_carbon_emissions_reduction_between_countries_pursuing_renewable_electricity_versus_nuclear_power
註5:”Evaluation of Nuclear Power as a Proposed Solution to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security” https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/NuclearVsWWS.pdf
註6:"Energy Balance of Nuclear Power Generation" https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/publikationen/berichteBroschueren/Endbericht_LCA_Nuklearindustrie-engl.pdf
註7:"Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector" https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf
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同時也有6部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過24萬的網紅I'm Jonas,也在其Youtube影片中提到,台灣不需要核能和火力發電?3個使用更多再生能源的方法! | 3 Ways for Taiwan to get more renewable energy! 這部影片僅以個人看法說明,主要希望以輕鬆的方式帶大家初步了解再生能源,並透過真實案例及台電數據,提供以自身角度及經驗介紹給大眾。因電力系統非常...
「electricity generation」的推薦目錄:
electricity generation 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
🌱We are nowhere reaching a greener future for our new generation, but we are definitely starting our little steps from home! Currently we are still at 25% of green-ness level by reducing one single-use plastic especially when we do take-aways!
In hope that in a year time, we can reach 75% of green-ness level by using plastic-free and eco-friendly products in the household! #ificansocanyou!
Here’s a good news for everyone to kick-start your eco-journey with me! @genecosg has launched their Power Eco Add-on: SG’s the FIRST and ONLY customisable green add-on for your electricity plan! ✅
Simply switch to their electricity plan and select the level of green-ness at 25/50/75/100%! You can do your part to save the environment from just 40 cents more a month! 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Find out more at link in bio or visit www.geneco.sg/power-eco!
Pssst! @GenecoSG is also having a giveaway right now where you stand to win a set of $50 eCapitaVoucher & a Geneco Green Starter Kit by sharing how you will #GoGreenYourWay to #PowerTheChange for our environment! Visit their IG to find out more!
#GenecoSG #PowerTheChange #OEM #GenecoPowerEco #GoGreenYourWay #Sp #sponsoredpost
electricity generation 在 TrendForce Facebook 的最讚貼文
With the highest volume of solar power generation in the world, northern Chile features a 110MW concentrated solar tower capable of supplying electricity 24/7 even without sunlight.
electricity generation 在 I'm Jonas Youtube 的最佳貼文
台灣不需要核能和火力發電?3個使用更多再生能源的方法! | 3 Ways for Taiwan to get more renewable energy!
這部影片僅以個人看法說明,主要希望以輕鬆的方式帶大家初步了解再生能源,並透過真實案例及台電數據,提供以自身角度及經驗介紹給大眾。因電力系統非常複雜需具專業性,相關主題之後會更深入了解,不具任何立場喔。
Thank you so much for watching todays video! All my data is based on the demand and production on 27th May, which was a hot and sunny day. This video is meant to be entertainment and an introduction to renewable energy inspired by a real case scenario. Power systems are very complex, so to make any suggestion for the future, a much deeper analysis is needed.
References:
Electricity demand of Taiwan (27th May):
https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4484
Solar PV output in Taiwan (27th May):
https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4484&cid=2832&cchk=30760122-6d57-43cf-bcb8-0caba69e75a7
*PV output for 20GW and 40GW is also estimated based on this generation curve
20% Renewable goal by 2025:
https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3880997
Coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas Capacity in Taiwan:
https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4484&cid=2834&cchk=20432baa-1f39-4018-aed8-7b33b02f942e
Hydro, wind, diesel and oil estimate based on this:
https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4484&cid=2832&cchk=30760122-6d57-43cf-bcb8-0caba69e75a7
Extra capacity in the grid:
https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4484&cid=2833&cchk=083f3aa1-77b0-43cf-9e4f-877a8a484c39
Comparison of flexibility between Coal and Natural Gas:
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1364032117309206?token=7E89009F522E8EF9097CD7FC2DE4F49EF4A648E190B88781939C73A1197B48C989B0B4A4CCBE439C60AF2CDBF141668A&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20210603055324
Comparison of emission for Coal and Natural Gas:
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-and-the-environment.php
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electricity generation 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最讚貼文
เผยโฉมตัวจริง All-New Nissan Note e-Power 2021 นิสสัน โน้ต อีเพาเวอร์ โฉมใหม่ เริ่มขาย 23 ธันวาคมนี้ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่น
ระบบขับเคลื่อน 2WD เครื่องยนต์รหัส HR12DE-EM47
รุ่น F ราคา 2,054,800 เยน
รุ่น S ราคา 2,029,500 เยน
รุ่น X ราคา 2,186,800 เยน
Evolution of e-POWER "e-POWER", which has evolved into the second generation, has renewed its motor and inverter. Compared to the predecessor "Note", the motor has improved torque by 10% and output by 6%, achieving more powerful and comfortable starting acceleration and a powerful feeling of acceleration when overtaking from medium and high speeds. The inverter is 40% smaller and 30% lighter than the first generation, and the efficiency of the engine is also improved, which not only improves acceleration performance but also improves fuel efficiency. In addition, by reducing the frequency of engine operation by controlling the system and improving the sound insulation performance of the car body, we have achieved a class of quietness despite being a compact car. In addition, we have developed the world's first control system that actively generates electricity when it is judged that road noise is large based on the road surface condition, and we are improving the quietness.
Advanced safety technology
in all directions Equipped with advanced safety technology that realizes 360 ° safety support, safety in all directions has been improved. In addition, "ProPilot (with Navilink function)" is installed for the first time * 2 . By adding a function linked with the navigation system to the professional pilot who supports driving operations when driving in the same lane on the highway, it is possible to switch the set speed according to the change in the speed limit and decelerate according to the size of the curve. The system assists the driver to reduce the frequency of operation and realize a safe and comfortable drive.
In addition, Nissan's first 1470MPa class ultra-high-tensile steel (ultra-high-strength steel plate for cold pressing) is used for the body frame to achieve both weight reduction and collision safety at a high level.
Exterior design that goes beyond the conventional wisdom of compact cars
A thin headlamp integrated with the front grille, a new V-motion chrome that connects to it, a character line that connects from the front to the rear with a single line, and a clean view that extends below it The advanced, clean and dynamic design of Nissan's new design language, such as the inflection of the richly sloping surface depending on the angle and the distinctive signature rear combination lamp with the shape of one horizontal character that spreads horizontally, while being compact It also has a striking presence. In addition, the front grille has a pattern inspired by Kumiko, a traditional Japanese craft, and has a "design that blends into the Japanese landscape." The sleek and advanced headlamps use a 4-unit LED projector * 3 . Similarly, the optional 16-inch aluminum wheels have a sharp and sophisticated design inspired by Japanese swords, and are designed to remind you of the driving performance of the "e-POWER." We have prepared a wide range of 13 body colors, including 2 tones of 2 colors, to create a lineup that customers can enjoy and choose according to their tastes. Nissan's new cool tone "Opera Move", which was developed for the advanced and dynamic "Vivid Blue" and the new "Note", is a color that suits sophisticated adults.
Advanced and comfortable interior space The
interior design realizes an advanced and comfortable space that overturns the common sense of compact cars. The instrument panel that expands outward is equipped with a meter integrated with the center display, embodying Nissan's new interior design concept that combines advanced feeling and ease of use suitable for electrification. In addition, the bridge-type center console on which a small electronically controlled shift lever sits is equipped with a large storage space and long reach armrests, so you can enjoy both comfortable driving with an innovative design. In addition, the center console in the front seat is equipped with highly convenient functions such as a wireless charger for smartphones * 3 . The rear seats are equipped with a reclining function, ensuring a class-leading spacious space in both the knee room and headroom. Furthermore, in the luggage compartment, by securing a wide opening and luggage compartment width, it is possible to store luggage without stress. Three types of interior colors and materials are available. The X grade is a combination of a jersey seat with gradation stripes and a synthetic leather armrest. The instrument panel also features carbon-like decorations and a long, horizontally-spreading matte chrome finisher for a clean, modern color coordination.
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l9XTyWEpeIg/hqdefault.jpg)
electricity generation 在 葛昌惠 Youtube 的最佳解答
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台灣當代一年展 入選參展
2016/9/10~16
花博爭艷館
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計畫主持人:曹存慧 Theresa Tsun-Hui Tsao、葛昌惠 Chang Huei Ge
參與藝術家:Su Misu、董籬、陳呈毓 Chen Chen Yu、蘇紳源、吳牧青
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雖已知核能危險,但世界依舊使用核能作為電力來源。
其他發電方式雖危險性低,但或多或少仍對環境造成壓力。
與電相似,血液也對維繫人類生存甚為重要。而抽血產生的開放性傷口與血液本身,均具備感染和傳播疾病的潛在危機。所以,我們從人體中抽取血液,並在血液中放置銅或鋅片,血液中的離子與金屬片發生化學反應,產生電,使二極體燈泡發出微弱光亮。此計畫企圖凸顯人類對電能的依賴,以及,為了電,願意付出的代價與承擔的風險。
Regardless of the well-known danger of nuclear energy, the world is still using nuclear energy as an energy source. The other methods for generating electricity are not as dangerous, however, still more-or-less stress the global environment. Similar to electricity, blood is essential to our lives. The open wounds and the blood from phlebotomy have the potential to cause infections and to transfer diseases. We collected blood from human and placed copper and zinc plates into the blood. The chemical reactions among the ions in the blood and the metal plates produced electricity that was sufficient to light up a few diode bulbs. This project is to emphasize how much we rely on electricity, and what we have been and are willing to risk for the generation of electricity.
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計畫執行方式敘述:
我們從人體中抽取血液,與適量抗凝血劑(檸檬酸鈉)混合於5個玻璃容器中,並在每一容器中放置一銅片與一鋅片,使銅片與鋅片盡量浸泡於血液中。
銅片(正極)與鋅片(負極)均接上電線,與隔鄰之金屬片串接,串聯或並聯多組後,接上二極體燈泡,使之產生微弱光亮。所有盛裝血液之玻璃容器均加上玻璃蓋,以防止落塵或水分蒸散。
血電廠裝置本身,將於現場展出。100毫升血液應足以使二極體燈泡發光一週,若有需要,則將於展場更換新血。將使用已知無血液傳染疾病者之血液,以保操作安全與展場之環境安全衛生,但將於展場隱匿此資訊。
血電廠之前導實驗與設置過程,以錄像方式記錄,並於現場播放。
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/T26vnvyi2c0/hqdefault.jpg)
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