想跟大家分享一個好消息,
我獲得了2021的 #黛安娜人道主義獎 The Diana Award。
*English version below*
獲得這個獎,是興奮,是感動,更是意志堅定的。
而它的意義,是肯定,是責任,更代表從今而後,持續無懼,溫柔而無畏。
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我記得收到獲獎email的那天,手機掉落在了桌面,我用雙手摀住了臉,一句話也說不出。當下發抖的我,深吸了氣嘗試和緩情緒,卻又激動的忘記了吐出。那不僅僅是因為不可置信,因為驚喜也驚嚇,更多的,是喜極而泣的感動,是無法言喻的撼動。我知道,這是一個對於從事人道救援與社會關懷的青年,莫大的殊榮,超乎言喻的肯定,但我也知道,那當下的激動,其實都不是因為我得獎,而是因為,在這個獎中,我感受到,我們的努力與相信,真的真的被看見、被支持了,衷心感謝提名人與評審團的肯定。
即使很多時候,我們會因為人們的不重視,而感到灰心;會因為人們的不願信任,而感到憤怒;更會因為人們的漫不在乎,而覺得自己好像真的很傻很天真。但在這天,好傻好傻,傻到真心、全心相信,並且用盡全力在小紅帽推動著月經平權,推動著人們都不應再因為任何認同、或與身俱來的差異或特性,而受到任何不友善待遇理念的我們,是真的真的被世界聽見了。也在今天,踏出了一個前進路上的里程碑,一個讓我們可以更堅定地喊出,「我們不會放棄,會持續努力,會一直走到這個世界不再需要小紅帽的那天」,這樣一個珍貴而美好的時刻。
關注月經議題,踏上推動平權的這條路,於我而言,是一輩子不做,會感到力不從心,會日日覺得不舒服,覺得無法入眠的事。這背後的原因,其實只是因為,我打從心裡相信,這世界上的每一個人,都是重要的,都應該有權利真實,也都值得被自己與他人好好對待。我也深知,要走向一切成真的那天,必須得要有更多的人,一起用自己舒適的步調與方式,從生活當中,開始改變。因此,我希望自己可以參與在這些改變之中,看見與感受改變的發生,但我更希望,自己可以不只是少數人中的一個,而是多數共識中,同樣在努力的其中一人。所以我開始了行動,踏上了倡議之路,也持續期待與呼籲,更多的人,一起成為改變的力量——因為每一個你,真的都同等重要,也都不可或缺。
獲得這個獎,於我而言,除了感謝,還有提醒與責任。
我知道,這將是我們在推動平權、消弭貧窮、嘗試讓世界可以真的一步一步邁向那更理想的樣子的這條路上,一個好難忘且意義重大的記憶。但更重要的,是從這天起,從獎項成為過去的這天起,我們更清楚地了解到,自己為什麼而做,自己想往哪走,走到哪裡。而這份肯定,也提醒著我們,接下來的路,我們將要持續無懼無畏、溫柔且堅定的走下去,無論沿途將有多少難關、挑戰、失意與磨難。
這個殊榮,更提醒了我們除了在過去,也要在接下來的每一天,滿懷感謝。
因為無論是持續相挺的夥伴們、給予我們高度信任的個案們、亦或是所有身在世界各地,選擇與我們並肩、支持我們的每一個人,都不是偶然、不是應該,更不只是幸運。我們將會持續做好手邊每一件我們所及、可以做好的小事,讓你我希望能一起看見的明天,真的有機會能發生。而我相信,這也是我與團隊最能夠表達感謝的方式,更是我們從零走到一,都不曾忘記,也不曾放棄的態度與堅持。
我也想藉這個機會,謝謝所有從 小紅帽Little Red Hood 成立至今,曾經或現在仍在關注、分享我們的行動與內容產出的你;謝謝透過各種方式,支持著鼓勵著我們的你;也謝謝曾經提供我們建議、回饋、甚至是挑戰的你;更謝謝,總是與我們並肩,總是做我們最強後盾的前輩、夥伴、讀者、捐款人們,因為有你們,自始與我們一起走在這條崎嶇蜿蜒的道路上,我們才能走得如此無懼、享受、更踏實而無後顧之憂。
感謝這片滋養我的土地,我的家,臺灣。
作為第一位獲獎的臺灣人,我想說,能在填寫獲獎資料時,堅定且自信地與執行團隊溝通,表達我希望能在國家名單上加上臺灣的訴求,並在後來真的看見名單上加上了臺灣,是一件讓我深感驕傲與感動的事。因為是這片土地民主自由的風氣,熱情、樸實而真切勤奮的人們,讓我深信,發聲可以是如此自然的事情,而愛,也可以如此簡單卻富有力量。是這片土地孕育了我,而我希望只要有任何一丁點的機會,我都可以盡全力,讓臺灣的美與善,被更多人看見。
謝謝我的家人,還有每一個提點我、叮嚀我、支持我、鼓勵我、擁抱我的摯友們。是你們,讓我相信,自己可以是一個有力量的人,也有機會能將這樣的力量分享出去,讓更多的人,同樣相信,其實我們每一個人的存在與真實,本來就足夠美好。
我們生而不同,但正因為這些差異,而使我們各個獨特且重要。
願終有一天,人們不再因為生來的特質與認同,而受到限制與感到困擾,也願你我都能成為生活裡的光,相信著自己,更溫暖著別人。
我們是真的可以,讓這個世界,有機會變得更好一點點。
林薇 2021.07.21
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I have got some great news I would like to share with you all.
I am both humbled and honoured to be recognised as the Diana Award Recipient 2021 – one of the highest accolades a young person can achieve for social action and humanitarian efforts.
Winning this award was exciting, inspiring, and made me more determined than ever. On the other hand, the acknowledgement also meant the responsibility to continue the journey with fearlessness, gentleness, tenacity, and strength.
When I received the email notifying me of winning the award, I instantly dropped my phone onto the table and covered my face with disbelief. My body was shaking. I took a deep breath to gather myself but was too excited to even remember to exhale. My emotions, however, were more than astonishment. There was immense happiness accompanied by tears of joy. I knew, for a youth striving to devote myself to providing humanitarian aid and care to society, this award was an acknowledgement beyond my imagination. The emotions which overwhelmed me was not for myself to win this award, I knew, it was that our (Little Red Hood Team) hard work and beliefs were recognised and supported! I sincerely thank the judging panel and the nominator for their appreciation.
This journey has not been easy. We have experienced frustrating times and moments that almost made up give up. But now, receiving this award meant that we are finally being heard by the world for our belief to strive for not only menstrual equity, but that people should not be mistreated for being who they truly are.
Today marks a precious milestone in the journey ahead, where we can shout with conviction that, “We will never give up! We will continue to work hard! We will work towards the day that the Little Red Hood is no longer needed!”
Personally, menstrual-related issues and advocacy for equality were something that I could not ignore and keeps me up at night if nothing were being done about them. I believe that everyone in the world deserves to be themselves and treated equally. However, I knew, to achieve this goal, more people will have to change with pace and manner comfortable to each their own. I hope to be part of these changes, to see and feel the differences, moreover, I wish that more and more people could join this movement. Therefore, I began my path of advocacy and hereby encourage anyone who sees any worth in the issues I proposed, to be the difference and become a driving force for changes- because you are all equally crucial for the realisation of the future we strive for.
Today will live on as a significant memory full of gratitude, reminder, and responsibility. More importantly, this award gave us a clearer picture of why we work and where we want to work towards. It also prompts us to strive without fear, to be gentle but firm in the faces of challenges, difficulties, failures that are bound to come. This honour reminded us to live every day with gratitude because the friends, partners and beneficiaries around the world chose to believe and fight alongside us. Their supports were not mandatory, nor by chance, and not just luck.
We will continue our work to the best of our ability and hopefully, make the differences needed for the future we all wished for. This, I think, is the best way that my team and I could show our appreciation and stay true to our roots.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank those of you who followed Little Red Hood from day one and shared our content or actions; thank you for all the different forms of support you have shown. I want to further thank those who provided us with suggestions, feedback or even challenges; you fought alongside of us as predecessors, partners, readers, and doners. You gave us confidence, joy, and the ability to traverse this rugged path without worry.
I would also like to thank Taiwan, the land and home, which nurtured me with everything I needed. As the first Taiwanese recipient of the award, I confidently expressed my wish of adding Taiwan to the country list for the award. Thanks to the award development team, Taiwan was proudly added onto the list. It was the democracy and freedom of our land with the passionate, honest, and hard-working people that led me to truly believe speaking our mind was such a natural thing to do. Love is simple yet powerful. My country nurtured me to who I am today, and I would like to let more people see the beauty and the goodness of Taiwan, even if it were only a small portion.
I want to thank my friends and family, who provided me with advice, support, and encouragement. You allowed me to believe that I, myself, could become a strong person and that I could spread this belief and show everyone that simply being ourselves is good enough.
We were all born differently, which is precisely why everybody is unique and important. One day, I really hope, people would no longer be restricted and affected by their inherent traits, identities, and beliefs, and that you and I could become the light in our lives and spread the warmth to others.
Together, we can make the world a better place.
Vivi Lin 21 July 2021
#2021DianaAwards
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【澄清唬爆米花教室:被大內宣淹沒的美國總統署名投書】
先說這篇沒有圖,因為太重要不能亂放圖
在歷史上,從沒有美國總統親自投書到中華民國的報紙。但是在109年10月22日,美國總統參選人拜登以「More Prosperous Future For Our Families」(定稿中文標題:為我們家庭更繁榮的未來),以華人為主體,台灣人為核心訴求,投書聯合報系的世界日報,強調他願意與中國合作而非對抗,鄙棄川普的仇中獵巫,願意與華人聯手,但更重視台灣人的健保經驗,不願台灣人為美國火中取栗而是共同繁榮。
但在一片大奇特的大內宣中,美國總統參選人的投書竟然在台灣地區被忽視。且不說拜登明明在聲譽卓著的 IBD/TIPP民調持續領先,比起川普根本鼓吹台灣人火中取栗(你對抗,我賺軍火,去跟大陸人死嗑來增加我談判勒索本錢)。
拜登不只親自署名投書,還誠懇說明他對台灣/兩岸的四大重點,根本是史上最誠懇與重要的待遇。既然親綠親川普主流媒體不報,那福編來報。
★
一、拜登堅持稱台灣是 leading democracy (領導性的民主政體),表示其無意支持台獨立場(不稱國家)
二、拜登大篇幅強調川普仇中、卸責不科學的推卸問題給中國,造成亞裔的困擾與災難,而這不是美國總統應為。(打了那些整天喊支那賤畜以為自己就會成為高等美國人的台灣地區背祖中國人的臉)
三、拜登大談健保對一般百姓重要性,表示他珍視台灣的健保經驗,也是未來與台灣的合作重心。
四、與其獵巫與仇中,他更重視與中國的合作,希望聯盟對世界更有幫助(雖然舉例醫療與氣候,但也只是舉例) 表示願意以兩大強權的合作,謀取更多世界利益。
其他我 不多說,請看原文與譯文。
#拜登給中華民國台灣與聯合報系的面子真的太大了
#聯合報系真正展現實力
#美國總統投書首中華民國系報紙
#大內宣只在意把我們當馬前卒的喇叭川普
為我們家庭更繁榮的未來/前副總統喬瑟夫.拜登
時局多艱,我們國家處在十字路口,正面臨疾病大流行、經濟大衰退,和一場將決定我們未來很長一段時間的選舉。
今年 我們看到美國最好的一面
今年,我們看到美國最好的一面引領我們向前:英勇的醫師、護士、日常雜貨商、餐館業主、必要行業工作者 — 而其中,包括許許多多的亞裔美國人。
今年 我們也看到美國最糟情況
但我們也看到最糟的情況:亞裔美國人誤因新冠病毒遭仇視的行為比比皆是,某種程度上,是因為川普總統發布的仇恨言論所致。亞裔美國人被責備、被唾罵、被攻擊;家園、商家和汽車被侮辱性標記破壞;年幼的孩童被刺傷,還有一名89歲的奶奶,在不斷升級的仇恨文化中遭人火焚。
這不該是我們原本的樣子。
亞裔美國人 使我們國家變強大
近兩個世紀以來,亞裔美國人使我們的國家變得強大 — 從掘金礦工,到加速我們崛起的鐵路和工廠工人,再到推動我們向前邁進的科學家、建築師、藝術家和企業家們。多年來,他們的勇氣、犧牲和成功,為美國夢注入動力,也讓美國穩為自由的燈塔與世界的希望。
川普卻不懂 傷了移民國價值觀
川普總統不懂這些。他帶頭攻擊我們作為移民之國的價值觀,甚至在我們的邊境,拆散成千上萬的孩童與父母。即便在這場大流行到來之前,我們的仇恨犯罪就已達到16年以來的新高。而如今,為了轉移自己抗疫失敗、未能保護我們國家的過失,無論是否因此導致上千反亞裔的種族歧視事件,他仍堅持把新冠病毒稱作「中國病毒」。
作為總統 我捍衛每人的美國夢
措辭很重要,總統措辭更為重要。作為總統,我將捍衛每個人的美國夢,讓每一勤奮努力的家庭,享有通向繁榮和美好未來的公平機會。我將反對任何形式的種族歧視,指示司法部優先處理仇恨犯罪,以彌合仇恨與分裂的傷口,而非煽風點火。
川普失敗 他讓我們的經濟崩盤
唐納德·川普早在今年1月就已知道新冠病毒的致命性,卻未採取任何行動。現在,超過22萬美國人因此失去生命,約3000萬人失去工作、工時和薪水,五分之一的小商家關門。川普失敗的領導力讓我們的經濟崩盤 — 他總統當得愈久,得以完全回歸正軌的時間也愈久。
我會控制疫情 讓我們重回生機
八個月過去了,川普仍然沒有(抗疫)計畫。而我有。
首先要擔起責任,努力控制疫情,讓我們重回生機。我將執行早在3月就擬定的計畫,擊敗新冠病毒。我將聽取科學家、專家的意見;保護我們的家庭;讓新冠檢測、治療, #以及最終的疫苗免費,並對所有人開放。
我會重建經濟 實質救助小商家
我將馬上開始重建更好的經濟,為數百萬遭受重創的小商家提供實質救助。他們是我們社區的生命線 — 但川普腐敗的復甦作法棄他們於不顧,只把紓困資金匯集到大公司手中。75%的亞裔小企業主,未能獲得任何首輪紓困金。這是錯誤的,我已要求確保員工在50人以下的小企業獲得紓困金,我也將增加他們獲得優惠和資金的長遠渠道,減輕阻礙移民業主的語言障礙。
我不會對年收40萬元以下者加稅
質言之,我的經濟復甦計畫將回報以工作,而不只是財富,將創造未來數百萬優薪工作。(信評機構)穆迪的獨立經濟學者發現,比起川普總統的作法,我的計畫會創造多出700萬的工作,以及超過1兆元的經濟增長。我也不會對任何年收入40萬元以下者加稅 —別懷疑。相反地,我還將確保超級富豪和大公司最終支付本應承擔的份額。
讓父母能付學費 讓醫保更平價
我一路走來,都在為工薪和中產家庭而戰;他們之中有許多勤勉奮鬥的移民,來到美國是為更好的生活。我將幫助父母有能力支付子女的優質教育、提高教師薪酬,並讓絕大多數家庭免費就讀公立學院。我將讓照顧年邁父母變得更容易,讓醫療保險更平價。川普現在要通過法院,廢除「可負擔健保法」,在一場致命大流行之中,剝奪數千萬人的醫療保險,這毫無道理。
與盟友並肩 深化與台灣的關係
同時,新冠病毒證明美國不能自外於世界。從重建我們最親近夥伴的關係開始,我們必須與其他國家攜手合作,應對影響我們所有人的國際挑戰。我們是一個太平洋強國,將與盟友並肩,增進我們在亞太地區共享的繁榮、安全與價值。這其中就包括深化與台灣這個居領先地位的民主政體、主要經濟體,以及科技重鎮的關係。台灣也是開放社會可以有效控制新冠病毒的閃亮典範。
更新領導力 符合美利益與中合作
我們應對中國的方式,會聚焦增強美國競爭力,再興國內優勢,並更新我們在海外的聯盟與領導力。我們將在符合美國利益的領域與中國合作,包括公共衛生和氣候變遷。
讓家庭團聚 修復破碎的移民系統
美國向來不只靠強大的國力,而是用身為榜樣的實力領導世界。要切實重現此景,我們也必須修復破碎的移民系統,讓家庭團聚,確保美國繼續吸引全球最出色與最聰明的人。
我將會傾聽 重塑我們熱愛的國魂
我競選是為讓美國更好的重建,重建美國作為一個充滿機會,團結和有全新開始的國家;一個由數代移民讓其強大的地方;一個所有人都能發聲、每張選票都有價值的地方。我將引領這些議題,更重要的是,我會傾聽。所以,請確保你今天將選票投出。
讓我們一起,重塑我們熱愛的國魂。
(世界日報華盛頓記者羅曉媛/譯)
More Prosperous Future For Our Families
by Former Vice President Joseph Biden for World Journal
These are tough times. Our country is at a crossroads, facing a pandemic, a recession, and an election that will decide our futures for a very long time.
This year, we've seen the best of America carry us forward: heroic doctors, nurses, grocers, restaurant owners, essential workers–including so many Asian Americans.
But we've also seen the worst: acts of hate against Asian Americans wrongly blamed for COVID-19, spurred on, in part, by hateful rhetoric from President Trump. They've been screamed at, spit on, and assaulted. Homes, businesses, and cars vandalized with slurs. Small children stabbed. An 89-year-old grandmother set on fire amid this rising culture of hate.
This is not who we are.
For nearly two centuries, Asian Americans have made our country strong–from the gold miners and railroad and factory workers who helped to power our rise; to the scientists, architects, artists, and entrepreneurs who are helping to drive us forward now. For years, their courage, sacrifices, and success have powered the American Dream and helped America stand as a beacon of freedom and hope to the world.
President Trump doesn't get that. He has led an assault on our values as a nation of immigrants, even tearing thousands of children from their parents' arms at our border. Hate crimes against people are at a 16-year-high, even before this pandemic. And now, to deflect blame for his failure to protect our nation from this crisis, he insists on calling COVID-19 the "China virus," no matter how many thousands of reported racist incidents against Asian Americans it encourages.
Words matter – and a president's words matter even more. As President, I'll defend the American Dream for everyone, so every hardworking family has the same fair shot at prosperity and a better future. I'll stand against racism in every form, directing the Justice Department to prioritize hate crimes, and working to heal the wounds of hatred and division, not fan the flames.
Donald Trump knew how deadly COVID-19 was back in January and did nothing to stop it. Now, more than 220,000 Americans are dead. Some 30 million have lost jobs, hours, wages. One in five small businesses have shut down. Trump's failed leadership has tanked our economy – and the longer he's president, the longer it'll take to get it fully up and running again.
We're eight months in, but Trump still has no plan. I do.
It starts with taking responsibility and doing the hard work to control this pandemic and get our lives back. I'll implement the plan I've laid out since March to beat COVID-19. I'll listen to scientists and experts; protect our families; and make testing, treatment, and any eventual vaccine free and available to everyone.
I'll get right to work building our economy back better – getting real relief out to millions of hard-hit small businesses. They're the lifeblood of our communities – but Trump's corrupt recovery passed them by, funneling funds to big corporations instead. Some 75% of Asian-owned small businesses weren't expected to get any first-round stimulus funds at all. It's wrong. I've called for ensuring small businesses with less than 50 employees get new relief funds. And I'll boost their long-term access to credit and capital, and work to ease the language barriers that can hold back immigrant entrepreneurs.
Through it all, my economic recovery plan will reward work, not just wealth, creating millions of good paying jobs of the future. Independent economists at Moody's found that my plan creates 7 million more jobs – and $1 trillion more in economic growth – than President Trump's would. And I won't raise taxes on anyone earning less than $400,000 a year – period. Instead, I'll make sure the super wealthy and big corporations finally pay their fair share.
I've fought my whole career for working and middle class families – so many of them hard-working immigrants who came to America in search of a better life. I'll help parents afford a quality education for their kids, boosting teacher pay and making public college free for most families. I'll make it easier to care for aging parents, and make health care more affordable. Trump is in court right now trying to repeal the Affordable Care Act, stripping tens of millions of people of health coverage in the middle of a deadly pandemic. It makes no sense.
Meanwhile, COVID-19 is proof that the United States can't isolate itself from the world. We have to work with other nations to meet global challenges that impact us all, starting by rebuilding our relationships with our closest partners. We're a Pacific power, and we'll stand with friends and allies to advance our shared prosperity, security, and values in the Asia-Pacific region. That includes deepening our ties with Taiwan, a leading democracy, major economy, technology powerhouse – and a shining example of how an open society can effectively contain COVID-19. And our approach to China will focus on boosting American competitiveness, revitalizing our strengths at home, and renewing our alliances and leadership abroad. We'll work to collaborate with China when it's in our interest, including on public health and climate change.
America has always led the world not only with the example of our power, but the power of our example. To truly do that again, we also have to fix our broken immigration system, keeping families together and ensuring the United States continues to draw the world's best and brightest.
I'm running to build America back better, as a country of opportunity, unity, and new beginnings. A place made strong by generations of immigrants. A place where everyone has a voice and every vote counts. I'll lead on these issues, and more importantly, I'll listen. So please make sure you get your vote in today. Together we'll restore the soul of this nation we love.
#福編編譯? (編譯個鬼,是世界日報了不起! 大內宣與遍地綠媒鬼遮眼)
fought現在式 在 偽學術 Facebook 的精選貼文
【認真聽】 《#花木蘭》真的有這麼爛嗎? 迪士尼找到的女性新觀念是「#孝」? | 李長潔 👧
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一部電影可以被黑到讓人專程去看,也是一種成就。最近上映的迪士尼電影《花木蘭》,讓大家看得氣氣氣氣氣(#chi),使有點害怕迪士尼公主的我,特地去觀賞這部作品。直接說結論,《花木蘭》還真不是很好看,儘管場景華美,但在敘事情節、鏡頭運作、演繹表達等多方面上,都可以感受到一些足以令人出戲的毛邊。
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真人版《花木蘭》真的有這麼爛嗎?花木蘭是一個怎麼樣的迪士尼公主?迪士尼公主有甚麼性別意義?真人版《花木蘭》居然把華人的「#孝道」拿來當作新世代女性特質,是不是搞錯了甚麼?!
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📌 #今天的內容有:
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▶ 花木蘭到底好不好看?
▶ 迪士尼的公主進化論
▶ 電影中的東方主義
▶ 孝順做為一種美德(?
▶ 雙元孝道的理論模型
▶ 其實花木蘭也沒有很爛啦
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📣 #spotify 聽這裡:https://open.spotify.com/episode/45rT6U9YctNslXtqs122V2?si=vSi4YxCgQ-60v7DFks3xbQ
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📣 #firstory 聽這裡:https://open.firstory.me/story/ckevkz4vfopop0839tan4komg?ref=android
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/////// 完整論述 ///////
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▓ #迪士尼公主論
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從女性主義的觀點來看,性別(gender)具有操演性(#Performativity),也就是說,性別是模仿、表演、施行而成(Boucher, 2006),而媒體就是其中一個形塑性別的機器。Fought與Eisenhauer(2006)的迪士尼公主內容量化研究發現,女性角色的台詞量隨著年代增多,顯示性別意識的進步;而公主的性別特質,也隨時代轉變成更堅強、更獨立的女性。#公主的女性再現,會成為女孩們演繹性別的脈絡,因此,迪士尼當然重視公主的性別形象所帶給大眾的參照性。
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社會學者們也非常在意這些在童年裡扮演重要社會角色的公主,她們是一種「#認同的文本」(Wohlwend, 2012),公主跨媒介地出現在電影、電視、玩具、遊戲中,甚至延伸到日常生活的所有動作。每一個女孩(或男孩)都可以有「#做公主」的機會。(回頭看以為自己是Elsa的5歲乾女鵝)
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▓ #花木蘭中的東方主義
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當然,我絕對不會計較《花木蘭》中文化轉譯上的失誤,甚至是誤讀。這種東方主義(orientalism)(Said, 1979)的傾向,是基於「東方」與「西方」二者之間作本體論與知識論的差異。像是片中土樓場景的使用、對「氣」的理解與詮釋、莫名的鳳凰。在妝容與服飾上倒是還挺符合花木蘭身處的魏晉南北朝,柔然的幾角色設置也還看得出迪士尼的用心。畢竟,《花木蘭》主要觀眾群應該還是西方青少年以下,嚴謹考究的戲劇設定,好像也不是那麼重要了。
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不過,對於真人版《花木蘭》把「#忠孝兩全」作為某種迪士尼公主的價值核心,到底有甚麼問題?
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▓ #孝道的相對主義與絕對主義
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許多評論者把片中置入的「孝」的概念視為父權(中國)勢力的再現,這個部份我覺得可以再思考一下。我們從社會理論來看看,花木蘭被賦予的特殊價值「孝」究竟是甚麼?孝道的文化原型主要奠基於華人家庭對宜農生態環境的適應策略,而孝道的心理原型則根植於親子間自然情感互動的基本需求。
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進一步來說,前者乃是為鞏固家族結構來滿足務農社會之實際生活需求,透過將家庭日常運作與其經濟功能緊密連結,孝道規範逐漸從生計生活經驗中演化成形,藉以促進家庭體系之整合與延續;同時又在人為的政治力量作用下,將儒家特定的倫理階序觀強化為孝道規範的依據,使孝道意識型態從繁複細緻的文化設計進而成為華人首要的「#絕對主義倫理觀」。(葉光輝,2009)
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▓ #孝其實也有很多意涵啦~
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因此,「孝」是一個社會—歷史性的概念,並且在孝道二元模式裡變動拉扯。以「尊親懇親」、「抑己順親」、「奉養祭念」、「護親榮親」四個變項,呈現為「#相互性」與「#權威性」孝道兩個面向。其實,從卡通版到真人版的20年過渡,在女性主體與孝道關係的表現性上,的確有新的進展。一方面,父親與皇帝皆具有「慈」的呼應性,符合相互性的孝之條件。
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此外,花木蘭從一開始的「抑己順親」、「護親榮親」,壓抑自我符合社會關係,轉向「尊親懇親」、「奉養祭念」以真實女性身份,達到孝道的境界,更加符合相互性的孝。我覺得,評論者在一個「現代性」的自我要求下,去批判該片對孝道關係性的掙脫與自我表達,稍有失去對孝道多元意義的真正理解,有直接將孝道掛上「中國」、「傳統」沉痾之嫌。
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▓ #不好看也不難看
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其實說來有趣,《花木蘭》引起大眾對孝道的敏感,但實際上是對中國的對抗。但回顧現代孝道的論述形構,反而是中國的文化大革命,承接了源自胡適、魯迅五四運動的「#反孝」。而在台灣的情境中,因為國民黨執政時期中華文化復興委員會的「#崇孝」運動,權威性孝道則比較常出現在台灣。我想這是一個台灣人的症狀式閱讀。
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至於真人版《花木蘭》到底好不好看呢?找片源看就好…
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#參考文獻:
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1. Boucher, G. (2006). The politics of performativity: A critique of Judith Butler. Parrhesia: a journal of critical philosophy, 1, 112-141.
2. Fought, C., & Eisenhauer, K. (2016). A quantitative analysis of gendered compliments in Disney princess films. In Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America Annual Meeting presentation.
3. Wohlwend, K. E. (2012). ‘Are you guys girls?’: Boys, identity texts, and Disney princess play. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 12(1), 3-23.
4. Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage.
5. 葉光輝. (2009). 華人孝道雙元模型研究的回顧與前瞻. 本土心理學研究》(台北), 32-101.
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