這是篇評論,討論川普號稱「暫停移民」的政策,其實沒暫停多少。
主要原因是,川普說,要讓美國人首先有工作,這主要是個政策宣示,講給美國人開心的。
實務上他是暫停綠卡發行,而會去申請綠卡的人,往往已經在美國有工作,或以其他身份居留中,這樣暫停綠卡發放,能造成多少美國人有工作,是有問題的。
作者並說明了「要增加美國人工作」並不容易(但應該去作)。
像是 H2 簽證,是給低階勞工到美國農場工作,低階服務業到旅館或餐廳工作,這類工作,如果真的擋住廉價外國勞動力,美國人肯不肯作呢?
以前不肯,但失業到這種程度,美國人會不會肯作呢?評論作者認為應該會肯,目前的美國政府似乎不這麼認為。
另外,文中提到技術人才常拿的 H1B 簽證,在美國人眼中,這也是廉價技術能力的工作,通常給印度人來作 IT,然後美其名說這是吸收世界各地的 best and brightest。這個簽證過去的確造成很多美國人失業(因為貴又難伺候,有身份跟簽證綁著,外國人總是比較乖)。
但在美國常見的狀況是,公司請一個 H1B 來,然後跟被取代的美國人說,你要把他訓練好,這樣你才有遣散費。這造成了很多爭議跟衝突。
作者認為,這一類的外國人簽證都應該暫停,美國人才能充分就業。
這種很美國利益為基礎,比川普還積極的評論,登在 National Interest 雜誌,中文翻譯為「國家利益」,蠻合理的。
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅曾鈺成,也在其Youtube影片中提到,特朗普早前推行的「零容忍」移民政策(zero-tolerance immigration policy),連小朋友也要被扣留,引起了廣泛的批評。有些人形容這個政策是inhumane and cruel;inhumane和cruel兩個字的意思相近,都是指殘忍的、對其他人的痛苦無動於中的。...
immigration policy中文 在 貓的成長美股異想世界 Facebook 的最佳貼文
[美國文化觀察]
川普前幾天說, 以後的移民要在移民美國時, 就要會說英文. 經濟學人這篇文章講的挺好: 其實移民移居美國後, 早晚都會說英文的.
在我身上其實也應證了這說法. 旅居美國十幾年, 雖然平常有跟此地的台灣同胞保持互動, 但因為身處在美語環境, 也為了生存下去, 所以我漸漸地習慣說英文, 聽英文歌, 看美國電視, 看原文書. 我也很清楚地意識到, 自己的母語(中文)能力在退化中. 所以我前幾年開始接英翻中的case, 而兩年前也開始藉著寫中文個股分析與開部落格來彌補這問題. 很多時候不是我故意在秀英文, 而是我真的不知道該用甚麼中文字來表達意思了, 或是我覺得用英文能夠更傳神地表達我的想法.
"Rather than refusing to learn English, today’s immigrants actually abandon their first language much more readily than previous generations. German, the language spoken by the president’s ancestors, is a case in point. Germans arrived in America in big waves in the middle of the 19th century. Generations later, they were still speaking German at home; a small number were even monolingual in German despite being born in America. Only with America’s entry into the first world war did German-speakers drop their suddenly unpopular language.
Today the typical pattern is that the arriving generation speaks little English, or learns it imperfectly; the first children born in America are bilingual, but English-dominant, and their children hardly speak the heritage language. This is as true of Hispanics as it is of speakers of smaller languages—and all without a lecture from the White House."
以下是全文:
DONALD TRUMP’s young administration is adept at one particular manoeuvre. Whenever the president is having a terrible time in the press, for some embarrassing statement, interview or imbroglio, the White House announces a far-reaching policy designed to stoke up his nationalist base while infuriating his opponents. In February it was the proposed ban on visitors from seven mainly Muslim countries. Last month it was the announcement on Twitter that he would not let transgender soldiers serve in the military.
In each case, the new policy tends to hurt people who can be portrayed as threatening outsiders to ordinary Americans who work hard and pay their taxes. Yesterday’s announcement to back a months-old plan to overhaul America’s immigration rules falls in the same category. If implemented, it would reward applicants with sought-after job skills who already speak English, at the expense of low-skilled workers without language skills.
This may seem perfectly sensible: after all, skilled immigrants are a good thing. But as an ongoing shortage of farm workers in California shows, unskilled immigrants are just as crucial. Equally, it is a good thing if immigrants speak English. But they need not speak it before arrival: as it is impossible to participate fully in American life without speaking English, the incentive to learn it quickly is overwhelming.
The administration’s emphasis on English skills therefore harks back to an old myth that the linguistic make-up of America, which has been an English-dominant country for a long time, is changing: that the status of English is somehow threatened, especially by Spanish, but more generally by the notion that English is no longer needed in the economy.
The myth goes something like this: today’s immigrants want to come to America to isolate themselves into communities that do not speak English. American policy tacitly encourages this by not being tough enough in requiring English. In the past, immigrants happily learned English quickly; “my grandpa came here from the old country but he refused to speak his old language; he insisted on getting by in his broken English until he was fluent.” But today’s immigrants no longer do so, as multiculturalism has replaced the melting pot.
All of this is wrong. America began as a thin band of English colonies clinging to the eastern coast, vastly outnumbered by speakers of other languages. The foreign-born percentage of the population peaked not last year—the administration likes to talk of “unprecedented” numbers—but in 1890, when the share of foreign-born residents was at an all-time high of 14.8%. This proportion has risen again after declining in the mid-20th century (it stood at 12.9% in the 2010 census). America today has multilingual big cities with their voting instructions in Korean, Chinese and Russian.
Historically, this is the norm rather than the exception: the years from 1925 to 1965, when immigration was almost completely cut off, were unusual. But those born from the 1940s to the 1960s became used to the low numbers of foreign-born residents, regarding this state as normal. That in turn supported a belief that America has always naturally belonged completely to English.
For most of its history, America was precisely the “polyglot boardinghouse” Teddy Roosevelt once worried it would become. That history has turned out very well not just for America, but for English—the most successful language in the history of the world. Along with American power, English has spread around the globe. At home, wave after wave after wave of immigrants to America have not only learned English but forgotten the languages their parents brought with them.
Rather than refusing to learn English, today’s immigrants actually abandon their first language much more readily than previous generations. German, the language spoken by the president’s ancestors, is a case in point. Germans arrived in America in big waves in the middle of the 19th century. Generations later, they were still speaking German at home; a small number were even monolingual in German despite being born in America. Only with America’s entry into the first world war did German-speakers drop their suddenly unpopular language.
Today the typical pattern is that the arriving generation speaks little English, or learns it imperfectly; the first children born in America are bilingual, but English-dominant, and their children hardly speak the heritage language. This is as true of Hispanics as it is of speakers of smaller languages—and all without a lecture from the White House.
immigration policy中文 在 曾鈺成 Youtube 的最讚貼文
特朗普早前推行的「零容忍」移民政策(zero-tolerance immigration policy),連小朋友也要被扣留,引起了廣泛的批評。有些人形容這個政策是inhumane and cruel;inhumane和cruel兩個字的意思相近,都是指殘忍的、對其他人的痛苦無動於中的。
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uHNiauaMV7c/hqdefault.jpg)
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