誤譯的終結?不如等世界末日來臨
——《信仰的終結》翻譯初窺
趁時事正熱打個比方:終結不了的翻譯問題,跟宗教為人世帶來的種種災禍一樣,不可能完全根除。
彷彿語言的誤解和誤譯本身,已趕在被台灣宗教財團收攏的不肖政客通過「宗教基本法」之前,悄悄成立了宗教——The Universal Church of Miscomprehension and Mistranslation——以防人心發展出理性思考去加以干涉、甚至「迫害」。
酸話說完了。有機會,還是儘量把語言可經由理性解讀的真相呈現出來。
以下以【……】標出知名無神論者Sam Harris精彩可期的
著作The End of Faith的部分翻譯問題。
統計資料供參:
中譯是博客來上可讀到的4小頁內容,對應原文約1700字,大約每67原文字出現一個我認爲需要改正的理解與翻譯問題。原文書估計11萬6千字,在如此微小的樣本下,粗估整部中譯會有超過1700個這種語言問題。
除了以這種貌似較爲客觀、科學的計數法來判斷翻譯是否合格、過關以外,其實我認爲另一種較人性、直觀、「不科學」的方式:從「會犯哪種錯」、「該不該犯那種錯」這種「微小」地方,來得到對某譯者的整體觀感,至少是同等重要的,有時候這種「見微知著」法所揭露的事更多、更大、更不堪。
暫不一一討論問題的細節、甚至替出版社和譯者提供新的翻譯了,太費時。有興趣的人可以自行研究。問題當中肯定有的很明顯,有的較隱晦。如果你不認爲某一點有什麼問題值得大驚小怪,歡迎指出討論。也許這不失爲一種更積極的理解英語、斟酌中文、激盪思考的方法。我希望把時間花在刀口上。
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書名:The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason
信仰的終結:宗教、恐怖行動及理性的未來
作者: Sam Harris
譯者: 孔繁鐘
出版社:八旗文化
出版日期:2015/12/30
作者簡介 山姆.哈里斯(Sam Harris)
美國著名作家、哲學家、神經科學家。著有《紐約時報》暢銷書《信仰的終結》(The End of Faith,美國筆會2005年非小說類得獎著作)、《給基督教國度的一封信》(Letter to a Christian Nation),以及《道德風景》(The Moral Landscape)。他的作品以超過十五種語言出版。文章曾刊於《新聞周刊》、《紐約時報》、《洛杉磯時報》、《泰晤士報》(倫敦)、《波士頓環球報》、《大西洋月刊》、《神經學年鑑》、《外交政策》及其他許多刊物。為理智工程(Project Reason)的共同創始人與董事長,該非營利組織致力於傳播科學知識和社會中世俗價值。
史丹佛大學哲學學士。他研究東方及西方的宗教傳統以及各種靈性教派已二十年。2009年取得神經科學博士學位,研究主題為相信、不相信、及不確定的神經學基礎。請造訪他的網頁 www . smaharris . org.
譯者簡介 孔繁鐘
衛生署玉里醫院精神科主治醫師,台大化工所畢業後考上台大醫學院學士後醫學系。為孔子第七十四代後裔,因花東地區醫療資源較缺乏,與弟弟孔繁錦長期投入當地的精神醫療,照顧病情嚴重的精神病患,並翻譯多本國內精神醫學與心理學教科書。身為精神科醫師,他相信精神醫學得本執在於人性的幫助關係,而非統計分類;因此不把自己視為一個開藥者,也定義自己為為一個充滿同理心的助人者。
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翻譯問題列表(依內容順序):
The young man takes his seat beside a middle-aged couple. He will wait for the bus to reach its next stop. The couple at his side 【appears to be shopping for a new refrigerator】. The woman has decided on a model, but her husband worries that it will be too expensive. He indicates another one in a brochure that lies open on her lap.
年輕男子靠著一對中年夫婦坐下。他耐心等著公車到下一站。這對夫婦【似乎正要去買新冰箱】。妻子膝蓋上攤著一份冰箱型錄,她已經選定了要買的機型,但是丈夫嫌太貴,指著另一種機型絮絮說著。
The next stop comes into view. 【The bus doors swing】.
下一站已近在眼前。【公車搖晃著】。
The nails, ball bearings, and rat poison 【ensure further casualties on the street and in the surrounding cars.】
釘子、小鋼球和毒老鼠藥【發揮了最大的殺傷力,也造成街道上和四周車輛中其他人員大量】傷亡。
These are 【the facts】. This is all we know for certain about the young man.
這些都是【真人實事】。關於這位年輕男子我們確實知道的所有實情都在這裡了。
A BELIEF is a lever that, once pulled, moves almost everything else in a person’s life. Are you a scientist? A liberal? A racist? These are merely species of 【belief in action】.
信仰是一種控制桿,一旦拉動就能操縱人們生活中幾乎所有層面的每件事。你是個科學家嗎?自由主義者?種族主義者?這些不過是【依據信仰促發的行動】而做的分類罷了。
It seems that if our species ever eradicates itself through war, it will not be because 【it was written in the stars】 but because it was written in our books; 【it is what we do with words like “God” and “paradise” and “sin” in the present】 that will determine our future.
看來若人類終將經由戰爭而自我滅絕,也絕不是因為這些想法【被寫在星空中】,而是因為它被寫在某些書籍裡;【正是我們現在所看到使用「上帝」、「天堂」與「罪惡」這些字眼的那些書籍】,決定了人類的未來。
【People tend to organize themselves into factions according to which of these incompatible claims they accept】—rather than on the basis of language, skin color, location of birth, or any other criterion of tribalism.
這些書籍的主張互不相容,而【人們傾向於把接受相同主張的人歸於同一宗派】,而非依據語言、膚色、出生地、或任何其他區分部落意識的標準。
All are 【in perverse agreement】 on one point of fundamental importance, however: “respect” for other faiths, or for the views of unbelievers, is not an attitude that God endorses.
所有這些書籍都【極力堅持】一項重要基本論點:上帝絕不贊同「尊重其他信仰或不相信者的觀點」這種態度。
【While all faiths have been touched, here and there, by the spirit of ecumenicalism,】 the central tenet of every religious tradition is that all others are mere repositories of error or, at best, dangerously incomplete. Intolerance is thus intrinsic to 【every creed】. Once a person believes—really believes—that certain ideas can lead to eternal happiness, or to its antithesis, he cannot tolerate the possibility that the people he loves might be led astray by the blandishments of unbelievers. Certainty about the next life is 【simply incompatible with tolerance in this one.】
【各處各地所有的信仰都浸潤著「真神唯一」的精神】,每個宗教的傳統核心教義都是:所有其他宗教的組成都是錯誤,若非全錯,至少也是不完全且危險的。不包容正是【所有教條】的本質。某個人一旦真心相信了某種想法能導致永恆幸福或永遠不幸,他必將無法容忍他所愛的人可能會被不相信者的花言巧語所誤導。他對來世的確信,也讓他【無法對此再多包容】。
Observations of this sort pose 【an immediate problem for us, however, because】 criticizing a person’s faith is currently taboo in every corner of our culture.
但這類觀察立即帶給我們【一個問題:因為】在我們當前文化的每個角落,批評他人的信仰都屬禁忌。
But technology has 【a way of creating】 fresh moral 【imperatives】. Our technical advances in the art of war have finally rendered our religious differences—and 【hence our religious beliefs】—antithetical to our survival. We can no longer ignore the fact that billions of our neighbors believe in the metaphysics of martyrdom, or in the literal truth of 【the book of Revelation】,
可是科技【創造了】全新的道德【指令】。人類在戰爭藝術方面的技術如此精進,終於讓我們的宗教差異以及【伴隨的宗教信仰差異】危害到人類的生存。我們再也不能忽視這項事實:我們的鄰居中成億上萬的人都相信殉教的形而上學,或相信【他們聖書】表面字義所揭示的真理,
Consider the case of alchemy: it fascinated human beings for over a thousand years, and yet anyone who seriously claims to be a practicing alchemist today will have disqualified himself for most positions of responsibility in our society. Faith-based religion 【must】 suffer the same slide into obsolescence.
以煉金術為例:它曾蠱惑人類一千多年,但在當今社會,任何人若鄭重自稱是一位煉金術士,將被認為不夠資格擔任絕大多數重要職務。同樣地,以信念為基礎的宗教【必將】落入歷史廢墟之中。
What is the alternative to 【religion as we know it】? As it turns out, this is the wrong question to ask. Chemistry was not an “alternative” to alchemy; it was a wholesale exchange of 【ignorance at its most rococo】 for genuine knowledge.
那麼【就我們所知,宗教】的替代品是什麼?其實這是個錯誤的提問。化學並不是煉金術的「替代品」;它是【以極其精巧華麗的方式,把無知】整批置換成為真正的知識。
OF COURSE, people of faith 【fall】 on a continuum:
當然,秉持信仰的人們【可以分布】在一個連續帶上:
they imagine that the path to peace will be paved once each of us has learned to respect the 【unjustified】 beliefs of others.
他們想像,一旦每個人都學會尊重其他人【無法證實】的信仰,和平之路就能順利展開。
Many religious moderates have taken the 【apparent high road】 of pluralism, asserting the equal validity of all faiths,
許多宗教溫和派已經奉行了多元主義的【大道】,確信所有不同的信仰都同等有效,
As long as a Christian believes that only his baptized brethren will be saved on the Day of Judgment, he cannot possibly “respect” the beliefs of others, for he knows that the flames of hell have been stoked by 【these very ideas】 and await their adherents even now.
只要基督徒相信在最後審判日唯有自家受洗的弟兄們才能得到救贖,他就不可能「尊重」其他信仰,因為他知道地獄的火已被【他們那樣的想法】所激發,正等著焚燒其追隨者呢。
Muslims and Jews generally take the same arrogant view of their own enterprises and have spent millennia passionately reiterating the errors of other faiths. It should go without saying that 【these】 rival belief systems are all equally uncontaminated by evidence.
伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒通常也用同樣傲慢的態度只尊崇自己的信仰,並且幾千年來一直狂熱地重申其他信仰的錯誤。但無庸置疑地,這【兩種】相互對抗的信仰系統也都同樣缺乏證據。
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過4萬的網紅謙預 QianyuSG,也在其Youtube影片中提到,孩子取名,不跟著家譜就是大不孝 !? 在新加坡,幾乎每個父母都會為孩子取個洋名。有的家長覺得這樣比較容易叫孩子的名,有的認為這樣才跟得上時代。 但我們必經是華人,刻在墓碑上的,終究是華文名。華文的源起在歷史中已隱藏著玄秘的力量,因此一個好的中文名有著巨大的力量來加持一個孩子八字的不足,不是英文...
metaphysics中文 在 北歐心科學 NordicHearts Facebook 的最佳貼文
所以我習慣用本有涵意的「無」字,不用依存於有的「冇」字。
中文入面的「無」字,是「無」價之寶。 (pun not intended)
「輪和軸之間是空的,車子才可運轉使用;有形的陶器中間是空的,才可以載物;磚牆建構空間才有室可用;老子舉這三個例子,是以說明「形」要藉着「無」的作用之下方可呈現出來,這一層意義在柏拉圖思想或基督教義中你都找不到的。」
「形」的英文怎麼說?Shape?形而上學叫Metaphysics,英文語意是「物理學之後」,全因亞里士多德的論著中這一本排在《Physics》之後,又沒有標題,故後人託詞述之。一直到十九世紀末,日本人井上哲次朗在德國留學時譯到這個字眼,發現漢語裡面沒有,於是從《易》中借了「形而上者為之道,形而下者為之器」的措辭,發明了「形而上學」一詞。
油畫《雅典學院》中柏拉圖食指向天,象徵他關心形而上的世界。他主張世間萬物是形上世界的反照,形上擁有所有概念之理型,萬物只是仿製品,天上有完美的三角形,地下的三角形沒有完美。這種說法長時間影響我們對形上的看法,但老莊的意思就是這樣嗎?
「上」和「下」是指示文字,「形而上」一詞很易令人誤解成「抽象」高於「實體」、「道」高於「器」,它只是部分正確,但不完全是。這個例子亦說明了當道被人命名出來時,名就會扼殺了道。人是視覺動物,形是認知存在的根本,在這個根本上發現了世界還有無形的存在,這便是人的智慧。道無形,同時是構成有形萬物的確據,難道「道」真的是形而上嗎?
聖經說「道成了肉身」,這裡的道是希臘文Logos,中譯邏各斯,亦是各大學科「-logy」的字根。在更古老的希伯來文中,這個「道」更主要是解「話語」,《創世紀》寫神說有光就有了光,上帝用話語創造天地,也指明了「道」與構建世界的關係,這一點上老莊並無異議。不過,無形的道和有形的物之間的相互關係,老莊的見解就與西方大大不同了。
「有形」的英文叫Tangible,它與「無形」(Intangible)的關係不是上下,更像內外,「器」就有盛載道的意思,後期中國文人則用形和神二分這兩個概念,但「神」這個字眼也太具體了,老子原初想講的其實是「無」:
三十輻,共一轂,當其無,有車之用。
埏埴以為器,當其無,有器之用。
鑿互牖以為室,當其無,有室之用。
故有之以為利,無之以為用。
輪和軸之間是空的,車子才可運轉使用;有形的陶器中間是空的,才可以載物;磚牆建構空間才有室可用;老子舉這三個例子,是以說明「形」要藉着「無」的作用之下方可呈現出來,這一層意義在柏拉圖思想或基督教義中你都找不到的。因此,把道學視為「無」的哲學只對了一半,崇拜「無」就像走火入魔;老莊重視的是「有」和「無」之間的相互關係,繼而批判當時諸子百家各自提倡的「有」偏廢了真理,以致「道之不載也」。
所以,「有形」和「無形」互倚互存,沒有說形上比形下重要,同理我們去談無形者的內涵和意義時,都要放諸有形者之內去講,方可避免落入空談,就如康德所說:「沒有內容的思想是空的,沒有概念的直觀是盲的。」這是虛實並致的智慧。
∴道≠形而上
作者
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小說《地球另一端》序言書室有售。《捉姦》亦快將出版,邀請你與朋友分享這部作品,希望此書能開你眼界,讓你重新認識現代小說這門被遺忘的藝術。
#作者 #出一點 #小說 #香港 #出版 #捉姦
metaphysics中文 在 玳瑚師父 Master Dai Hu Facebook 的精選貼文
【玳瑚師父客人見證】《賜我家橫財的神醫師父》
The Healer Master Who Brought A Windfall To My Family
(English version below)
文 / 蔡曜駿 先生 Written by Mr Chua Yao Jun
我在兩三年前就從幾位同事那兒偶而聽聞玳瑚師父的本事與「業績」。他們各自請了玳瑚師父看了長達五年和八年的居家風水。當時我對風水處於觀望態度,直到購入了人生第一所房子,才有了請玳瑚師父勘查風水的想法。第一次致電給玳瑚師父的對話,至今仍記憶猶新。在電話那頭,玳瑚師父問了我的中文姓名與八字後,便立即點出了我從兒時就有的過敏問題,讓我深感佩服。
之前有幸能夠參加玳瑚師父主辦的茶會,學習有關電飯鍋和水壺的奧秘。玳瑚師父指點了一些在家中的小細節,居然也有旺宅,改善人際關係與增進家庭和諧的作用。
母親曾抱怨過半年多沒中過任何彩券。之後,母親依照玳瑚師父的教導,居然不可思議的在幾周後,連續中了兩次萬字票和一次多多,總共贏得$210。
玳瑚師父除了對玄學與佛法有深入的研究,玳瑚師父也有如一名神醫。
玳瑚師父在替我看八字的時候,道出了我不應該喝茶,而更應該喝咖啡。當時我便告知玳瑚師父,其實我對咖啡過敏,早晨十點的一杯咖啡,能讓我的心臟到凌晨兩點還依然亢奮。早年試過好幾次都有一樣的反應,所以那麼多年來我都不敢碰咖啡。玳瑚師父聽了後,便說可以嘗試喝黑咖啡加少許的糖,就不會有心跳加速的問題。
隔天早上,我赫然點了咖啡,驚訝的是之前的症狀竟然沒有發生,而且喝了咖啡後,人明顯的比喝茶更精神。
還有一次,玳瑚師父聽到我咳嗽咳得厲害,便建議我在中午和晚上時段,各吃一粒雪梨並能改善此病症。
結果我只吃了一天的雪梨,隔天喉嚨已舒暢許多,咳嗽也明顯的減少了。我讚嘆玳瑚師父比我還了解我自己的身體狀況。
感恩玳瑚師父在百忙之中,仍抽出寶貴的時間教導我們向善與向上。
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
I have been hearing about the abilities and results of Master Dai Hu from my colleagues since 2 to 3 years ago. They have been engaging Master for their home Feng Shui audits for the past 5 and 8 years respectively.
At the beginning, I was sitting on the fence when it comes to Feng Shui. The thought of engaging Master Dai Hu for Feng Shui audit came to me, when I got my first house.
I still remembered clearly my first phone call to him. Master Dai Hu asked me for my Chinese name and birth date details, and immediately pointed out a hypersensitive condition I suffered since young. I was very impressed.
I was privileged to attend one of his Tea Sessions, where I learnt the secrets of using the rice cooker and electric water boiler in Feng Shui deployment.
Master Dai Hu imparted some microscopic details, that can bring about prosperity, improved interpersonal relations and harmony to the family.
My mum implemented the advice from Master Dai Hu, and two weeks later, struck the lottery. Not once but thrice (twice with 4D, once with Toto), consecutively, winning a total prize money of $210! It was incredible. Before this, she was complaining that her lottery luck had deserted her for the past 6 months.
Beside his in-depth knowledge in Chinese Metaphysics and the Dharma, Master Dai Hu is like an accomplished healer too.
From my Bazi, he advised that I should refrain from drinking tea, but take coffee instead. I told him about my sensitivity to coffee. I once drank a cup at 10am in the morning, only to leave me with hyper heartbeat all the way till 2am the next day! I had attempted this several times the past years and the end reaction was the same. Thus, I stayed away from coffee the last many years.
Master Dai Hu then advised me to drink coffee without milk and with less sugar to negate the effect of faster heartbeat. I tried his advice with coffee the next morning and lo and behold, I did not experience the symptoms I got previously, and I felt more energised compared to drinking my usual tea!
On another occasion, Master Dai Hu noticed that I was coughing quite badly, and advised me to eat one golden pear at noon and at night. After taking the fruits for a day, my cough subsided and my throat felt so much better! I really salute Master Dai Hu. He knows my body conditions better than I do!
Thank you, Master Dai Hu, for offering your precious time to teach us the way to kindness and betterment.
www.masterdaihu.com/賜我家橫財的神醫師父/
metaphysics中文 在 謙預 QianyuSG Youtube 的最佳貼文
孩子取名,不跟著家譜就是大不孝 !?
在新加坡,幾乎每個父母都會為孩子取個洋名。有的家長覺得這樣比較容易叫孩子的名,有的認為這樣才跟得上時代。
但我們必經是華人,刻在墓碑上的,終究是華文名。華文的源起在歷史中已隱藏著玄秘的力量,因此一個好的中文名有著巨大的力量來加持一個孩子八字的不足,不是英文名字能比得上的。
有的父母取名憑當時的感覺,有的父母有家譜的傳統。前者可能感情用事,後者就一定比較有智慧嗎?
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It Is Unfilial Not to Name Your Child After the Family Tree Book?
In Singapore, almost every parent will give the child a Christian name. Some parents say that it is easier to call the child with an English name, while some regard this as keeping up with the times.
But we are Chinese after all. What is engraved on our tombs will still be our Chinese names. Due to its historic mystical origins, the Chinese language is much more powerful in empowering the child with auspicious energies for the inadequacies in his/her Bazi. A name from its English counterpart just doesn't measure up.
Some parents name their child based on their emotions at that time. And there are parents who are obliged to follow the Family Tree Book. While the former is sentimental/emotional, is the latter necessarily a wiser move?
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阿彌陀佛,你好!我是李季謙,來自新加坡。我將我的一生貢獻於弘揚佛法和中華玄學。這過程曲折離奇,卻也充滿了許多人生的領悟。
通過我的影音與寫作,我希望能與你分享,盼你也能夠突破自己命運的束縛,真正活得精彩。我命在我,不在天。
人生長短無所謂,最重要的是活得有價值,有貢獻。
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Hi, I am Lee Ji Qian, a Chinese Metaphysics practitioner from Singapore. This journey in propagating Buddhism and Chinese Metaphysics has been full of hard knocks and exciting discoveries.
Through my videos and online writing, I hope to share my journey with you. So that you too can break free from the limits of your destiny and truly live a life you can call exciting. My destiny is in my own hands, not Heaven. So is yours.
It does not matter whether we can live a long or short life.
What matters most is living a life of value and contribution.
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