關於 north korea and japan war ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#拜登挺台入北約？ #誰疑美棄台？
#台灣面對國際關係不該輕率躁動

今日凌晨，網路上傳開拜登總統接受美國媒體ABC News主持人George Stephanopoulos專訪時的一段談話，被認為是繼國家安全顧問蘇利文（Jake Sullivan）前一日的發言後，美國政府再度公開對阿富汗撤軍後世界各國包括台灣都逐漸升溫的「#疑美論」（認為美國的安全承諾不可靠）做出回應。

我們來分析一下究竟發生了什麼事，是否真的對台灣有影響，又有哪些人藉機提款？

📒先來讀段原文與翻譯（有興趣比較各家翻譯看ref，頗有趣）：

STEPHANOPOULOS: You talked about our adversaries, China and Russia. You already see China telling Taiwan, "See? You can't count on the Americans." (LAUGH)

史蒂芬諾伯羅斯：「你談到了我們的對手們，中國和俄羅斯。你已經看到中國在告訴台灣：『看到沒？你們不能靠美國人啦／美國人靠不住啦（笑）』」

BIDEN: Sh-- why wouldn't China say that? Look, George, the idea that w-- there's a fundamental difference between-- between Taiwan, South Korea, NATO. We are in a situation where they are in-- entities we've made agreements with based on not a civil war they're having on that island or in South Korea, but on an agreement where they have a unity government that, in fact, is trying to keep bad guys from doin' bad things to them.

拜登：「中國怎會不這樣講？（中國不這樣講才奇怪之意）你看哦，喬治，台灣、南韓、北約的狀況根本就（和阿富汗）不一樣。現在我們身處的情況是，無論是在那座島上或是在南韓，我們都同意那裡沒有內戰，而是有統合（一致）的政府，事實上，他們也正試圖別讓壞人對他們做出壞事。」

We have made-- kept every commitment. We made a sacred commitment to Article Five that if in fact anyone were to invade or take action against our NATO allies, we would respond. Same with Japan, same with South Korea, same with-- Taiwan. It's not even comparable to talk about that.

我們已承——我們信守一切承諾。我們對（《北大西洋公約》（North Atlantic Treaty）的）第五條作出了莊嚴的承諾，如果有人要入侵、或採取行動對抗我們的北約盟友，我們會回應。對日本是如此，對南韓是如此，對——台灣（也）是如此。這根本就無法比較。」

❚

這段談話一出，讓許多熟稔台美關係的前官員、政策專家、分析師與評論者都相當驚訝，認為「#高度不尋常」，因為這幾乎等於把台灣（以及日韓）放到對美國來說與北約盟友同等級的位置，意味著如果台灣及日韓遭受攻擊或對抗行動，美國將會有所反應（包括出兵），如果以政策意涵來解讀，這等於極大化美國對東亞友鄰的安全承諾。

以前連《美日安保條約》是否涉及釣魚台都要吵個幾十年，怎麼可能一句話就說日韓台我通通要守下來？何況美國與中華民國🇹🇼（or台灣）目前並未有正式的軍事同盟或協防條約（MDT），如何與北約對比？（《北大西洋公約》第五條「#集體防衛（collective defence）」條款主張：聯盟中任一成員受攻擊，將被視為對全體成員的侵略事件。）

與台灣網路輿論圈的自嗨、樂觀情緒（#台灣要加入北約了？美國爸爸表態死守台灣！）相反，正因為這個表態太過不尋常與不可能，更違反了美國長期以來堅守的「#戰略模糊」政策立場（”a deviation from a long-held U.S. position of "strategic ambiguity.”）。

第一時間，許多評論就認為這可能是拜登的又一次 #口誤（misspoken），代表人物如美國的中國問題專家 #葛來儀（Bonnie Glaser）就抱持這樣的看法。

如果到她及一些美國政策圈人士的推特上去逛逛，可以看到在消息出來後，他們就熱烈討論這是否又是口誤、等著看白宮或國務院誰出來把這句話收回去...諸如此類的推文。
（葛來儀推特：https://twitter.com/BonnieGlaser/with_replies）

果然，該篇專訪登出後不到7個小時，拜登政府的資深官員就對路透社（Reuters）放風透露：「#美國對台政策不變。」(“policy with regard to Taiwan has not changed”)

❚

繞了一圈，什麼都沒改變，只有某些人又開心自嗨了一波，或是藉機使力推了一波自己關心的議題。

1⃣️長期關注美台關係議題的「US Taiwan Watch: 美國台灣觀測站」粉專大概是台灣這一波訊息燒開的推播起點與主力，內容尚稱公允詳實，並未特別增添政治觀點，也提醒大家美國依然沒有明確回應如果中共出兵，美國會是如何的回應法。（但美國也不可能明確回應，「戰略模糊」，remember？）

2⃣️民進黨副秘書長林飛帆於凌晨2點多發文（大概是觀測站的粉絲），除了同樣提供原文翻譯及評論，重點在他提到拜登的談話，「與美國國安會顧問蘇利文Jake Sullivan把台灣與以色列並列的談話，都明確破除中共正在台灣大肆操作的「#疑美論」和「#美國棄台論」，值得我們持續關注。」

這件事確實值得關注。然而坦白說，台灣的「疑美論」和「美國棄台論」有多少成分是中共大肆操作，有多少是民間自發討論？大概很難有人可以給出客觀量化的數據。因為在阿富汗撤軍後，世界各國都多少興起了這股 #疑美論風潮，連《紐約時報》與諸多民主黨政治人物都批評拜登，紐時更提醒諸多亞洲國家包括 #台灣要警醒。但台灣面對中共武力威脅與併吞野心，自然又多了這一層複雜的外力因素。

但也沒關係啦，台灣人又不是第一次面對美國撤軍，沒那麼玻璃心，對吧？？？？
（請自行腦補安納金與莉亞meme）

台灣：first time？

3⃣️民進黨在外交及國防委員會的王定宇委員也一如往常的ㄒㄧ⋯分享外交消息給大家，他除了分享「觀測站」的貼文外，主要是在自己的評論中獨到地給出了「美國認為台灣是一個國家」的觀點。他提到：「這不僅是另一個首次把台灣跟北約、日韓列為同等盟國，更是美國總統首次明確地表達，台灣面對的是外敵，而台灣是個完整的國家、政府。這是個難以置信的重大改變。」



（？？？我們看的是同一篇專訪嗎🤔️）

不知道王委員是英文太好還是情緒太亢奮，以上的解讀實在有些太over。前半段勉強說得通，至少從拜登總統的談話，我們可以看到台日韓有著與北約盟國的「#相同待遇」，但這其實離成為北約盟國或角色身份如同北約盟國都有一點差距。

再來，拜登總統在提到台灣與南韓前時用的詞是「entities」（實體），這個詞很常用於形容一些不能算是主權國家的團體，美國或世界各地在國際法中討論到中華民國（ROC）或台灣（Taiwan）時很常使用這個詞，如「#政治實體」（political entity）。雖然不知道為何把南韓也放在一起（大概又是直率坦言下的口誤，韓國人知道會很生氣吧？），但重點在後面提到的「他們（台灣&南韓））有個 #統合一致的政府」（”they have a unity government”）。

拋開國內的朝野政爭，台灣基本上是有個一致、受民眾承認的政府，這是常識，哪裡有提到台灣是個完整的「國家」？這是哪門子「難以置信的重大改變」？歷史經驗證明，王定宇委員的「嗨翻」，通常對台灣都沒什麼幫助。而王委員以為在揉眼捏大腿的國際專家，早就根據經驗冷靜預判出的局勢走向，也很快被拜登政府資深官員證實。

該說拜登政府資深官員打臉王定宇委員嗎？還是讓他繼續嗨？

❚ 小結

近期有一些帶風向的作為與說法，認為在野黨（主要是國民黨）採取疑美論、挑戰甚至傷害台美關係及許多人為增進台美關係付出的努力。我不會不同意中共對台無論是實體滲透或是虛擬世界的資訊戰、認知作戰，都是我們該關心的議題及與之對抗的作戰陣地。但真的懇請執政黨多花心力在國防改革、軍事轉型或是兩岸關係的改善上，不要整天操作台美關係的訊息作為打擊在野黨的大內宣。

挑少數極端聲音出來講實在沒意思，難道陳Ｏ惟、王Ｏ宇之流的聲音可以代表民進黨主流意見？相信民進黨的朋友也不會認同。

就我個人觀察，實在不認為國民黨內疑美、反美是主流立場，至多在個別議題上與美方立場有不同意見，黨的整體與決策層級人士基本上都是親美立場居多，只是他們又要顧及兩岸關係（親美和陸），沒辦法（也不認同）像民進黨那樣採取「#一邊倒」的政策，完全走「抗中保台」路線，親美程度感覺有差。但很大程度上，一些國民黨人也認為這樣的一邊倒政策對台灣人民的安全來說其實 #不夠負責任。



這樣一邊倒不留餘地，甚至可能煽動戰爭風險的路線對台灣是有危險的，「在應競爭的領域競爭，在 #可合作的領域合作，在 #必須對抗的領域對抗」，這是美國國務卿布林肯（Antony Blinken）揭示的對華方針，絕對不是一些人說的什麼美中全面爭霸、準備開戰，台灣要趕快選邊站對邊。

這也是為何近期包括吳釗燮部長、邱義仁秘書長及蔡英文總統，都一再發出 #踩煞車 意味的言論，甚至關心對岸水災，一改對抗姿態的原因。畢竟台海風高浪急，美國也不得不出來重申政策框架的邊界，「拜登政府支持強健的美台非官方關係，#不支持台灣獨立。」（by美國白宮國家安全委員會印太事務協調官坎貝爾Kurt Campbell）

對美國來說，這些長期的政策框架如果不是地緣政治結構大幅改變，很難輕易撼動，即便政策要改弦易撤，也都有從摸索、試探到逐漸釋放訊號的過程，不可能因為總統一句話推翻整個政策框架（即便他擁有那樣的權力，但也得透過一些程序來處理，而且幕僚們應該會死命勸阻他）。

君不見繼資深官員放話路透社之後，#國務院發言人 也跑出來重申台灣關係法、六項保證及一中政策等老調了嗎？歷經幾十年淬鍊實踐的政策框架，是不可能輕易更動的。

要戰略模糊還是戰略清晰？這件事 #本身也是模糊的，端看當下環境美國要如何彈性運用，重點在於能夠有效嚇阻。

台灣內部因為歷史與政治的多重因素，對於自身在國際上的地位有著 #焦慮與不安全感，把美國視為維持生存的唯一救生圈。阿富汗撤軍為何在台灣引起極大熱議，除了媒體的推波助瀾、喚起年長的國人當年美國撤軍斷交的痛苦回憶，很大程度上也是反應當前國人尤其綠營內部或許連他們自己都沒有意識到的 #焦慮與恐懼，想要相信、也逼自己相信美國一定會幫忙防守台灣、台灣非常重要，因此看到美方的誰說了什麼一點話，情緒就受到大幅刺激與波動，不是歡欣鼓舞就是難過得要命，實在大可不必。

如果是真正 #勇敢自信的台灣人，看到今天阿富汗面臨的情況（或說下場），應該是可以 #處變不驚（我們 #中華民國派 喜歡講 #莊敬自強 💪），最應先思考的是如何自立自強、如何提升台灣的籌碼與重要性，來認真檢視各項議題：是否要改革兵役制度、加強台灣的國防戰力，我們的軍事轉型完成了嗎？做對了嗎？我們的兩岸溝通管道暢通嗎？有辦法在周邊出事時保持最基本的聯繫而不誤判嗎？

#國際關係是關乎生與死的學問（”International theory is the theory of survival”— Martin Wight, 1961），需要長期觀察與浸淫才能一窺堂奧。近年來開始有很多專注國際關係的新媒體出現與傳統媒體的投入，這是好事。台灣非常需要了解國際關係，無論是經貿或是更重要的安全層面，更應該隨時保持冷靜思考，不要患得患失、隨媒體或政治人物的誇張言論起舞，因為這關乎我們所有人共同家園的存續，



我們所有人的生與死。

北韓公佈軍演畫面，不一樣的是出現以特種部隊樣貌進行演練，橡皮艇搶灘、夜視鏡、特戰裝備等出現，北韓似乎有「高人」指點戰略方向，雖然特戰裝備等級「初生之犢」但提升了軍人訓練素質，更不要說北韓本身擁有近20萬的特種作戰部隊

North Korean Special Forces Simulate a Rapid Assault Against and Capture of an Enemy Island in Response to US-South Korean War Games

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and many of the county's military leaders supervised special forces exercises supported by artillery. The drills involved a barrage on simulated enemy positions from the air and from artillery units followed by rapid landings of special forces personnel by sea and air to capture enemy positions and neutralize remaining hostile forces. North Korea's military often holds military exercises to demonstrate the country's readiness for war in response to joint US-South Korean military drills, and these exercises come amidst America's Freedom Guardian military exercises taking place from August 21st to 31st. The country's new special forces uniforms and equipment were recently unveiled in a military parade on April 15th 2017 and several units appear to already have been outfitted with state of the art combat armor, night vision optics and grenade launchers.

North Korea's special forces remain among its primary military assets, and are the world's largest special operations force at 180,000 personnel. The units have shown themselves to be highly capable with elite training standards, as demonstrated in the 1996 Gangneung submarine infiltration incident when three members of the North Korean special forces became stranded in South Korea. These personnel managed to evade forces of tens of thousands of South Korean soldiers searching for them for 49 days. By the time two of them were finally found and killed they had killed twelve South Korean soldiers and caused twenty seven more military casualties. The remaining operative was never captured and is assumed to have successfully returned to North Korea. Should a war break out and North Korea be able to deploy these forces in large numbers behind enemy lines, be they Japan, South Korea or Pacific nations hosting US military forces, they will almost certainly wreak havoc far beyond what North Korean missile forces and artillery alone could achieve.

By testing the offensive capabilities of its special operations forces North Korea is signaling to its potential adversaries that should they attempt to start war the country's retaliation will come in the form of not only missile strikes and artillery - but also of the deployment of 180,000 elite forces capable of infiltration and sabotage. Should these units successfully manage to open up second fronts behind enemy lines, the result will be significant destruction and chaos which will significantly undermine the war efforts of North Korea's adversaries. Should North Korea's special forces be able to strike key civilian and military infrastructure, they could well have a significant impact on the outcome of a war on the Korean Peninsula and ultimately force the United States and their allies onto a defensive in a way not seen since the Vietcong's Tet Offensive in 1968. Indeed, considering that the first phase of the Tet offensive was carried out with just 80,000 regular Vietcong personnel, infiltration by 180,000 elite North Korean forces against the far more complex and vulnerable infrastructure of modern South Korea and Japan, relative to that of South Vietnam, would cause destruction on a scale orders of magnitude greater than the Tet offensive ever did.

Shown below: New North Korean Special Forces Equipment and Uniforms Unveiled During April 15th 2017 Military Parade; North Korean Special Forces Conduct Landings By Sea (x2); North Korean Artillery Barrage Against Simulated Enemy Positions (x2); North Korean Special Forces Conduct Landings By Air; North Korean Special Forces Conduct Landings By Sea (x4).

那個南方叫屏東
屏東的黑鮪魚好ㄘ(〃∀〃)

【2016，這就是台灣人想要的總統！】

「妳回北京以後，告訴他們，」蔡英文說：「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

（“Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”）

上面那段話，是這幾天來，最讓我感佩與震撼的一段話。那是蔡英文主席接受《TIME》雜誌專訪長文的結語，鏗鏘有力，也讓人無比動容...

2016，我希望我能有幸擁有這樣的總統，一股溫柔的力量，卻又充滿自信與霸氣，不慍不火、不卑不亢，而這正是台灣這個即將新生的島國，用來在世界永續立足，最需要的態度。

朋友們告訴我，昨天附上的《TIME》雜誌英漢對照翻譯文章，已經被下架了。對此，我真的感到非常遺憾。（更新消息：PTT貼文者並非原譯，因恐引起誤會而刪文。原譯文出自獨立記者Jessie Chen臉書，特此致謝。）

對於那篇連夜趕出的翻譯稿，也許不同立場的朋友，會有不同想法與批評。但對於譯者的熱心與用心，我只有發自內心的感激和敬佩。因此，我在網路上找到備份文章，再一次（無修改）分享給我的朋友們，需要的，就幫忙再傳播出去吧！

德不孤必有鄰，一位擅長漫畫的朋友，也默默傳了她關於那段「溫柔力量」談話的圖像詮釋。淡淡的畫風，彷彿原景重現，對我而言，那份感動，似乎又更深了一些...

有人以文字速譯向小英致敬、有人以圖像速寫向小英致敬──

而我，只能藉此臉書一角，向翻譯者、漫畫家，跟小英總統本人，獻上最誠心的祝福與感謝！

謝謝你們，讓台灣變成一個更好更美的地方。
　

──────────底下為英漢對照翻譯原文──────────

民進黨主席暨總統參選人蔡英文登上最新一期時代雜誌封面，標題是「她將可能領導華人世界唯一民主國家， She Could Lead The Only Chinese Democracy」。蔡主席是繼印度總理莫迪、印尼總統佐科威、韓國總統朴槿惠後，最新一位登上時代雜誌封面的亞洲領導人。

中英譯全文：

雜誌封面
She Could Lead the Only Chinese Democracy
And that makes Beijing nervous
她將可能領導華人世界唯一的民主國家
這讓北京感到緊張

目錄頁
Cover Story: Championing Taiwan
Presidential front runner Tsai Ing-wen wants to put the island’s interests first
封面故事：壯大台灣
總統大選領先者蔡英文要將台灣利益置於優先

內頁大標
‘The Next President Of Taiwan’
That’s how Tsai Ing-wen refers to herself. But will the island’s voters agree?
台灣的下一任總統
蔡英文是這樣認為。但是這座島嶼的選民會同意嗎？

內文
Emily Rauhala / 台北報導 Adam Ferguson / 攝影

Tsai Ing-wen is making breakfast. The presidential candidate cracks five eggs and lets them bubble with bacon in the pan. She stacks slices of thick, white toast. It’s a recipe adapted from British chef Jamie Oliver, but the ingredients, she can’t help but say, are pure Taiwan. The meat comes courtesy of Happy Pig, a farm near her spare but tasteful Taipei apartment, the bread from a neighborhood bakery. She offers me an orange. “Organic,” she says, in English. “And local, of course.”

蔡英文正在做早餐。這位總統候選人打了五個蛋，和著平底鍋裡面的培根一起吱吱作響，再把一片片白色的厚片土司疊起來。料理手法學自英國名廚傑米奧利佛（Jamie Oliver），但是她忍不住要說，烹調食材屬於最純粹的台灣原料。培根來自「快樂豬」農場，距離她那簡單卻有品味的公寓不遠，而麵包是從她家附近的烘培坊買來的。她遞了一顆橘子給我，用英文跟我說：「有機的！當然也是在地的。」

This is not an average breakfast for the 58-year-old lawyer turned politician running to become Taiwan’s next President—most days she grabs a coffee and books it to the car. But it is, in many ways, oh so Tsai. The Taipei-raised, U.S.- and U.K.-educated former negotiator wrote her doctoral thesis on international trade law. As a minister, party chair and presidential candidate (she narrowly lost to two-term incumbent Ma Ying-jeou in the 2012 race), Tsai gained a reputation for being wonky—the type who likes to debate protectionism over early-morning sips of black coffee or oolong tea.

對於這位58歲、從律師轉變成政治人物的總統候選人來說，這可不是她平常吃的早餐。她通常隨手抓一杯咖啡在車上喝。不過許多方面來說，這應該可以算是一貫的「蔡式」風格。這位在臺北長大、在英美留學過的談判專家，博士論文寫的是國際貿易法。在她當陸委 會主委、民進黨主席、總統候選人期間（她在2012年的總統大選中以些微差距輸給了馬英九總統），得到學院派的風評──她是那種喜歡在早上喝黑咖啡或烏龍茶時，跟你辯論保護主義的人。

Now, as the early front runner in Taiwan’s January 2016 presidential election, her vision for the island is proudly, defiantly, Taiwan-centric. Tsai says she would maintain the political status quo across the strait with China—essentially, both Taipei and Beijing agreeing to disagree as to which represents the one, true China, leaving the question of the island’s fate to the future. But Tsai wants to put Taiwan’s economy, development and culture first. While Ma and his government have pushed for new trade and tourism pacts with Beijing—China accounts for some 40% of Taiwan’s exports—Tsai aims to lessen the island’s dependence on the mainland by building global ties and championing local brands. “Taiwan needs a new model, ” she tells TIME.

現在，身為在2016年台灣總統大選中的領先者，蔡英文的願景充滿自信又堅定地強調以台灣為核心。蔡英文說她會維持兩岸的現狀──這指的是說臺北與北京彼此同意對於何者代表中國保留不同的認知（註明：這是時代雜誌記者的見解），並且把這個島嶼的命運留給未來決定。但，蔡英文想要將台灣的經濟、發展與文化置於首位。當馬英九和他的政府推動與中國的貿易及觀光協議時（中國占台灣出口的百分之四十），蔡英文希望加強與世界連結、扶植台灣品牌，以降低台灣對中國的依賴。她對時代雜誌說：「台灣需要一個新模式」。

Whether voters share her vision is a question that matters beyond Taipei. Taiwan is tiny, with a population of only 23 million, but its economy—powered by electronics, agriculture and tourism—ranks about mid-20s in the world by GDP size, with a GDP per capita about thrice that of China’s. Ceded by China’s Qing dynasty to Japan after the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War, colonized by Tokyo for half a century, then seized by Nationalist forces fleeing the Communists at the end of the Chinese civil war, Taiwan has long been a pawn in a regional great game. It is a linchpin for the U.S. in East Asia alongside Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, and, most important, it’s the only real democracy in the Chinese-speaking world.
“This election matters because it’s a window into democracy rooted in Chinese tradition,” says Lung Ying-tai, an author and social commentator who recently stepped down as Culture Minister. “Because of Taiwan, the world is able to envision a different China.”

台灣的選民是否同意她的願景，是一件擴及台北以外的事情。台灣的土地雖小，只有兩千三百萬的人口，但是經濟因電子業，農業以及觀光業的支，以國內生產毛額來說在世界排名第二十幾名。台灣的國內人均產值則是中國的三倍。台灣在1894-95的中日戰爭被中國清朝割讓後，被日本殖民了半個世紀；之後在中國內戰結束時逃避共產黨的國民黨勢力給佔領。長期以來台灣是區域競爭中的一個棋子。在美國的東亞布局中，台灣、日本、南韓及菲律賓同為最關鍵的環節。更重要的是，台灣是在華語世界中唯一一個真正的民主國家。甫卸任文化部長的作者與社會評論員龍應台表示：「這場選舉很重要，因為它提供了一個窗口，讓外界一探以中華文化為根基的民主……因為台灣，世界得以想像一個不一樣的中國。」

Taiwan’s politics irritate and befuddle Beijing. To the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Taiwan is the province that got away, a living, breathing, voting reminder of what could happen to China if the CCP loosens its grip on its periphery, from Tibet to Xinjiang to Hong Kong. Beijing is particularly wary of a change in government from Ma’s relatively China-friendly Kuomintang (KMT) to Tsai’s firmly China-skeptic Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). When Tsai ran for President in 2012, Beijing blasted her, without actually naming her, as a “troublemaker” and “splittist”—CCP-speak reserved for Dalai Lama–level foes. “A DPP government means uncertainty for cross-strait ties,” says Lin Gang, a Taiwan specialist at Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s School of International and Public Affairs.

台灣的政治讓北京感到惱怒又百思不解。對中國共產黨來說，台灣是一個逃走的省，也是對中國活生生的提醒──若中國鬆懈對於香港、西藏及新疆等非核心地區的掌控時，可能會發生的事。北京對於台灣的政權，由對中國相對友善的馬政府輪替到對中國保持疑慮的民進黨，抱持格外戒慎的態度。蔡英文在2012年參選總統的時候，北京雖然沒有指名道姓，卻明顯對她大肆抨擊，說她是一個「麻煩製造者」或「分裂主義者」——在共產黨的術語中，這些話專門達賴喇嘛這一層級的仇敵。任教於上海交通大學國際與公共關係學院的台灣事務專家林岡說：「民進黨政府代表的是兩岸關係的不確定性。」

To the U.S., which is bound by the Taiwan Relations Act to come to the island’ s aid if it’s attacked, Taiwan is a longtime friend and unofficial ally, though the strength of that friendship is being tested by China’s rise. Washington worries that Taiwan’s people, especially its youth, are growing warier of China, and that any conflict between the two might draw in the U.S.
“What this election has done is crystallize the changes, the shift in public opinion,” says Shelley Rigger, a Taiwan scholar at Davidson College in North Carolina and the author of Why Taiwan Matters. “I don’t think cross-strait relations are going to be easy going forward, and that’s not something U.S. policymakers want to hear.”

對美國來說，根據《台灣關係法》，在台灣受到武力攻擊的情況下，須協防台灣。台灣是美國長期友邦和非正式盟國，儘管兩國之間友誼的強度正受到中國崛起的考驗。華府擔心台灣人民，特別是年輕人，對於中國的警戒心逐漸提高，而兩者之間的衝突可能會把美國牽扯進來。著有《台灣為何重要》（Why Taiwan Matters）一書的美國北卡羅來那州戴維森大學（Davidson College）教授任雪麗（Shelley Rigger）說：「這場選舉讓所有的改變具體化，反映出民意板塊的移動……我不認為接下來的兩岸關係會更融洽，而這不是美國的政策制定者想要聽到的東西。」

The KMT has yet to formally nominate a candidate for the top job, but the favorite is Hung Hsiu-chu, the legislature’s female deputy speaker. Nicknamed ”little hot pepper” because of her diminutive stature and feisty manner, Hung, 67, would be a contrast to the more professorial Tsai should she get the KMT’s nod. “I don’t think [Tsai] is a strong opponent,” Hung tells TIME. Yet the DPP’s choice, who has already started pressing the flesh islandwide, is spirited too. “People have this vision of me as a conservative person, but I’m actually quite adventurous,” she says. And possessed of a sharp sense of humor—when I compliment her cooking, Tsai looks at me with mock exasperation: “I have a Ph.D., you know.”

國民黨雖然還未正式提名總統候選人，但目前最被看好的就是立法院副院長洪秀柱。因為身材嬌小與好戰性格而被封為「小辣椒」的洪秀柱（67歲），如果獲黨的提名，將與擁有學者形象的蔡英文，呈現顯著的對比。洪秀柱向時代記者表示：「我不認為蔡英文是一位強的對手」。然而，民進黨的候選人已經士氣高昂，在全台各地展開競選活動。蔡英文說：「有些人認為我是一個保守的人，但我其實是很愛冒險的」。她有一種犀利的幽默感──當我讚美她的廚藝時，她用搞笑的語氣假裝惱怒說：「我可是擁有博士學位的。」

Tsai grew up in a home on Taipei’s Zhongshan Road North, a street named after Taiwan’s symbolic father, Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese revolutionary who helped overthrow the Qing and co-founded the KMT. Her own father, an auto mechanic turned property developer, was of the Confucian kind: he encouraged her to study hard but also expected her, as the youngest daughter, to devote herself to his care. “I was not considered a kid that would be successful in my career,” says Tsai.

蔡英文在台北的中山北路長大，這條街是以革命推翻清朝、成立國民黨並視為國父的孫逸仙命名。她的父親是一位修車技師，後來成為土地開發商。他承襲了儒家思想，希望蔡英文要用功讀書，但也期許身為小女兒的蔡英文可以留在父親身邊照顧他。蔡英文說：「我小時候不是一個被認為未來會有成就的孩子。」

After attending university in Taiwan, she studied law at Cornell in New York because, she says, it seemed the place for a young woman who “wanted to have a revolutionary life.” From there she went to the London School of Economics, where she earned her Ph.D., also in law, in less than three years. “That pleased my father,” she says. When he called her home, she obliged, returning to Taiwan to teach and, in 1994, to enter government in a series of high- profile but mostly policy-oriented roles in the Fair Trade Commission, National Security Council and Mainland Affairs Council.

在台灣大學畢業後，她前往紐約州康乃爾大學研讀法律，因為她說，這是一個「想過革命性的生活」的年輕女子該去的地方。之後，她前往倫敦政治經濟學院攻讀法學博士，並且三年不到就獲得學位。她說：「這讓我父親很高興」。她遵從父親的意思返回台灣，先回大學教書並在1994年進入政府，出任公平交易委員會、國安會及陸委會等一系列重要的、政策導向的職位。

Even close supporters say Tsai was, and perhaps still is, an unlikely politician, especially for the DPP. Taiwan’s opposition party was forged in struggle and led by veterans of the democracy movement—a fight Tsai mostly missed. The Kaohsiung Incident in 1979—a human-rights rally that was violently broken up by security forces, galvanizing the democracy movement— took place while Tsai was overseas, cocooned in the ivory tower. If the archetypal DPP operative is a bare-knuckle street fighter, Tsai is an Olympic fencer—restrained and precise.

就連許多親近蔡英文的支持者都認為，蔡英文是一位非典型的政治人物，特別就民進黨而言。身為在野黨的民進黨，在台灣民主運動的奮鬥過程中焠煉而成，由民主運動的老兵所成立，這是一場蔡英文錯過的戰役。1979年高雄的美麗島事件，當一場人權遊行遭警政單位暴力驅散，而後來激勵了台灣的民主運動，蔡英文當時正在國外求學，受到象牙塔的庇護。若說民進黨的典型人物是赤手空拳的街頭鬥士，蔡英文則是一位奧林匹克級的劍術家：自我克制又精確到位。

She stepped into the spotlight in 2008, becoming party chair when the DPP found itself booted from office, with its chief Chen Shui-bian, the outgoing President, later convicted of corruption. While she possessed a deep knowledge of policy, Tsai did not then seem like a leader. “She used to sort of hide behind me when we went door to door,” recalls legislator Hsiao Bi-khim, a longtime colleague and friend. “People compared her to a lost bunny in the forest, with wolves surrounding, both from within the party and outside.

在2008年民進黨失去政權，而前總統陳水扁隨即遭貪汙罪起訴的時刻，蔡英文踏入了鎂光燈下，成為民進黨主席。雖然蔡英文對於政策擁有深度的瞭解，但當時她還不像一位領導人。長期以來是她同事與朋友的立法委員蕭美琴說「以前當我們挨家挨戶去拜訪時，她有點會躲在我身後」。「有些形容她為一個在森林裡迷路的兔子，被黨內與黨外的狼群包圍。」

After an unsuccessful 2010 mayoral bid, Tsai ran for, and also lost, the presidency in 2012. Jason Liu, a veteran DPP speechwriter, says now that the campaign did not “sell” Tsai well enough. The ideas were strong, but the delivery left “distance between her and the voters.” Ironically, it was not until her concession speech that Tsai seemed to connect emotionally with Taiwan’s citizens. “You may cry,” she told the tearful crowd. “But don’t lose heart.”

2010年，蔡英文參與市長選舉失利，在2012年也沒順利當選總統。民進黨資深文膽劉建忻表示，當時的競選總部對於「行銷」蔡英文這個概念，做得不夠好；雖然擁有許多好點子，但是執行上還是「讓選民感到有所距離」。諷刺地，一直到敗選感言，蔡英文才似乎與台灣人民產生情感上的連結。她對含著淚水的群眾表示：「你可以哭泣，但不能洩氣。」

A lot has changed since 2012. Eleven hours after making eggs, with a policy meeting, a cross-country train ride and a harbor tour behind her, Tsai is addressing a couple hundred students at a university in the southern city of Kaohsiung, a DPP stronghold. She’s in lecture mode, at ease, talking about her party’s economic plans: stronger regional links and a focus on innovation to support small businesses. “How many of you went to Taipei for the Sunflower protests?” she asks in Mandarin. At least a third raise their hands.

2012年之後的台灣，歷經了許多改變。蔡英文煎蛋後的11個小時後，歷經了一場政策會議、搭乘高鐵從北一路向南、緊接著進行高雄碼頭導覽。她抵達南台灣民進黨的重鎮高雄，向數百位大學生發表演說。她以一派輕鬆的授課模式，闡述著民進黨的經濟計畫：加強區域間的連結，並聚焦於支持創新的小型經濟。她用中文詢問在場學生「你們之中有多少人去台北參加過太陽花學運？」現場至少有三分之一的學生舉起了手。

Taiwan’s students were once seen as apathetic. But during spring last year, Taipei was swept up by thousands-strong demonstrations over a services pact with China. Student and civic groups worried that the deal could hurt Taiwan’s economy and leave it vulnerable to pressure from Beijing. They felt it was pushed through without adequate public scrutiny. The Sunflower Movement, as it came to be called after a florist donated bundles of the blooms, grew into a grassroots revolt, culminating in the March 18 storming of the legislature.

台灣的學生過去一度被視為相當冷漠。但是在去年的春天，台北市被數以千計的抗議者淹沒，反對與中國簽訂的服務貿易協議。學生與公民團體擔憂這個協議會傷害台灣經濟，讓台灣的經濟受制於中國壓力而變得脆弱。他們也認為，服貿協議的推動並沒有經過適當的公民審議。太陽花運動是民間累積的抗爭與不滿，在3月18日這天一舉衝進立法院，運動的稱號是由於抗爭期間一位花販捐贈了大量太陽花而因此命名。

The movement was grounded in questions of social justice. Since coming to power in 2008, Ma has argued that cross-strait commerce is the key to the island’s fortunes, signing 21 trade deals. Yet young people in particular wonder if the deals benefit only Big Business on both sides of the strait. They say rapprochement with Beijing has left them none the richer, and agonize over the high cost of housing, flat wages and the possibility of local jobs going to China. A sign during a protest outside the Presidential Palace on March 30 last year captured the mood: “We don’t have another Taiwan to sell.”

這個運動的主要訴求就是社會正義。自從國民黨2008年執政以來，簽訂了21個兩岸貿易協定，馬英九主張兩岸的商業往來是台灣最關鍵的財富來源。但是年輕人質疑這項論述，他們認為這些貿易協議只有兩岸的大財團獲利。他們說北京的和解政策並沒有讓年輕人變得富有，反而讓他們受困於高房價、停滯的薪資、以及在地工作機會可能流失到中國的可能性。在去年3月30日於總統府外的抗議中，有個標語最能捕捉整體的社會氛圍：「台灣只有一個，賣了就沒了！」

The emphasis on quality of life, and not just macro-indicators, is good news for Tsai. Her vision for a more economically independent Taiwan did not sway the electorate in 2012 but may now have stronger appeal. The KMT, bruised by the Sunflower protests and then battered by fed-up voters in midterm polls last fall, is trying to remake itself as a more populist party. Timothy Yang, a former Foreign Minister who is now vice president of the National Policy Foundation, the KMT’s think tank, says the party stands by its cross-strait record. But even Yang, a KMT stalwart, is keen to address the issue of equity:
“The benefits of this interaction with mainland China should be shared with the general public.”

台灣社會對於生活品質的重視，而非僅僅強調宏觀經濟指標，對蔡英文來說是件好事。她希望打造一個經濟上更加獨立的台灣，雖然這個理念在2012年並沒有說動選民，但，現在可能更有吸引力。國民黨在太陽花運動中受到重創，在去年秋天的期中選舉中又再度被選民以選票教訓。現在，國民黨試圖把自己再造成一個民粹的政黨。目前擔任國民黨智庫『國家政策基金會』副董事長的前外交部長楊進添先生受訪時說道，「國民黨堅持其兩岸的立場」。但即便像楊進添這樣堅定的國民黨員，也熱衷於解決公平的議題。他說：「兩岸互動的利益，應該要與全民共享！」

Tsai should easily carry traditional DPP support: much of the south, the youth vote, and those who identify as Taiwanese and who are not a part of the elite that came from China after the CCP victory in 1949. The DPP’s missing link is Big Business, which supports the KMT and closer ties with the mainland, where many Taiwan companies are invested. Tsai recognizes that this is a constituency she needs to woo but doesn’t seem clear as to how, beyond saying, “Our challenge is to produce something that is sensible to both sides without being considered as a traitor to the friends we used to be with when we were an opposition party.”

蔡英文要得到傳統民進黨的支持並不難，例如南部選民、年輕選票、還有那些認同自己是台灣人，而不是1949年中國共產黨勝利後來自中國的精英份子。然而，民進黨缺乏與大企業的連結，因為台灣企業大量投資大陸，而其中這些大財團多半支持國民黨，以及與大陸建立更緊密的關係。蔡英文也理解到這是她必須要去吸引的一群選民，但是對於如何進行並沒有太清楚的圖像。她說：「我們的挑戰是要去創造雙方都認為合理的立場，又不能被我們在野時的朋友認為是叛徒。」

That will be hard. The KMT has long argued that it, not the DPP, is best qualified to run the economy, which, corruption apart, did not do well under Chen. Tsai’s supporters concede that many citizens feel the same way—that the DPP can be an effective opposition but not administration. “The KMT has always portrayed itself as more suited to guide the economy,” says J. Michael Cole, a Taipei-based senior fellow with the University of Nottingham’s China Policy Institute and a senior officer at Tsai’s Thinking Taiwan Foundation. “There’s this stubborn perception that a DPP government would be bad for business.”

這是困難的挑戰。國民黨長期主張自己比民進黨更擅長治理經濟，尤其陳水扁執政時期除了貪污，經濟表現並不好。蔡英文的支持者也同意，確實有些民眾認為民進黨可是一個稱職的反對黨，但不是執政黨。諾丁漢大學中國政策研究中心資深研究員暨小英基金會資深主管寇謐將（J. Michael Cole）說：「國民黨把自己描繪是一個更適合主導經濟的政黨。另外也有一種僵化的刻版印象，認為民進黨執政對企業不利。」

It’s a narrative that the CCP backs and may well float as the campaign progresses, either directly, in China’s state-controlled press, or indirectly, through, for instance, its connections in Taiwan’s business community. “Beijing is going to want to make a point through all sorts of channels, including Big Business, that cross-strait relations will not be as smooth if you vote a government into power that has not accepted the foundation that has underpinned developments of the last eight years,” says Alan Romberg, a distinguished fellow at the Stimson Center, a Washington, D.C., think tank.

這種論調受到中國共產黨的支持，並且今隨著選戰的進展不斷被拋出。共產黨可能直接地利用中國控制的媒體影響選舉，或是間接地透過中國與台灣商業界的連結。美國華府智庫史汀森研究中心（Stimson Center）資深學者容安瀾（Alan Romberg）說：「北京將會透過大企業等各種管道來闡述其立場，表明要是台灣人民讓一個不接受過去八年兩岸發展基
礎的政府執政，兩岸關係的發展將不會如現在一樣平順。」

Beijing has never been receptive to a DPP government, but it is particularly negative now. Since coming to power in 2012, China’s leader Xi Jinping has proved himself to be more assertive and nationalistic than most expected, a man not eager to compromise. Last September he told a delegation from the island that China and Taiwan might be one day be reunited under Hong Kong’s “one country, two systems” formula, which is rejected by both the KMT and DPP and, surveys consistently show, the vast majority of Taiwan’s people. This May, Xi warned again about the danger of “separatist forces”—a comment widely interpreted as a swipe at the DPP.

北京對於民進黨政權的接受度向來不高，但現在尤其抱持負面的態度。中國領導人習近平在2012年掌權後，證明自己比外界想像的還更加武斷，帶有更強烈的民族主義色彩，是一個不輕易妥協的人。去年九月，他對一個來自台灣的代表團說，中國和台灣可望採用香港「一國兩制」的模式統一，然而這卻是一個國民黨和民進黨都反對的方案，而且民調也一再顯示，絕大多數的台灣人民無法接受。今年五月，習近平再度警告「分裂主義勢力」會帶來的危險──這段說詞普遍被外界詮釋為對民進黨的抨擊。

Cross-strait relations are managed according to the so-called 1992 Consensus reached by Beijing and Taipei (then also governed by the KMT), a formula the KMT’s Yang calls “a masterpiece of ambiguity.” Under the 1992 Consensus, both sides acknowledge that there is only one China, but without specifying what exactly that means. This, Yang says, has allowed the KMT to move forward on bilateral trade, transport and tourism without being forced to address whether “one China” is the China imagined by Beijing or by Taipei.

兩岸關係是治理目前根據北京和台北（當時為國民黨執政）之間所謂的九二共識，這是一個被國民黨的楊進添形容為「模糊性的一大鉅作」的政策。根據九二共識，雙方承認只有一個中國，但不表明一個中國的確切意含。楊進添說，這讓國民黨在推展雙邊貿易、交通和觀光方面得以取得進展，而不需被迫去回答「一個中國」究竟是北京或是台北心目中的中國。

The DPP has long promoted de jure independence. The first clause in its charter calls for “the establishment of an independent sovereignty known as the Republic of Taiwan,” not the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name. This platform resonates with the DPP base but is increasingly untenable given China’s economic clout and growing power on the world stage. While the first DPP presidency under Chen was hardly a break from the past, it did see a cooling with Beijing. Things warmed again under Ma. Lin, the Taiwan expert at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, says Tsai is somewhere between Chen and Ma: “If she wins the election, she will not pursue Taiwan in dependence. But she will not promote the development of the cross-strait relationship as Ma Ying-jeou did.”

民進黨過去長期以來推動台灣的法理獨立。民進黨黨綱第一條闡明「建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國」，而非台灣的正式國號中華民國。這個立場獲得民進黨基本盤的認同，卻在中國的經濟實力成長與中國在世界舞台上崛起之下，越來越無法實現。儘管陳水扁主政時期的民進黨政府跟過去的政策並無太大差別，但跟北京的關係確實趨向冷淡。馬英九主政時期兩岸關係再度暖化。上海交通大學的台灣專家林岡說，蔡英文的立場介於馬英九和陳水扁之間。他說：「如果她勝選，她不會追求台灣獨立。但她也不會像馬英九一樣推動兩岸關係的發展。」

Tsai stresses that she will not alter the politics between Taiwan and China, but she is vague about whether she will repeal the DPP’s independence clause. And unification? That, she says, “is something you have to resolve democratically—it is a decision to be made by the people here.”

蔡英文強調她不會改變台灣和中國之間的政治關係，但對於是否撤回台獨條文卻是依然維持模糊。至於統一呢？她說：「那是必須經由民主程序解決的事情——這是一個必須經由此地的人民來做的決定。」

Hung, Tsai’s potential KMT opponent, says the DPP flag bearer needs to clarify her stance on cross-strait relations. “People ask her, ‘What is the status quo?’ and she can’t say anything specific,” says Hung. The KMT’s Yang offers a metaphor: “Before you harvest, you have to plow the land, transplant the seedlings, fertilize; all the work … has been done by the KMT, and yet they are going to harvest the crop?”

蔡英文的在對手洪秀柱說，民進黨的掌舵手需要清楚地闡明她對兩岸關係的立場。洪秀柱說：「大家問她『維持現狀是什麼意思？』，她卻沒有給具體的回應。」國民黨的楊進添用一個比喻：「在收割之前，要先耕地、播種、施肥；所有的工作……都已經被國民黨完成了，然而他們現在卻想要收割？」

Tsai believes she will win that right. Several days before I return to my Beijing base, over Taiwan-Japanese fusion in Kaohsiung, Tsai is quietly confident that she will gain the trust of Taiwan’s voters and secure victory, whatever Beijing might think. She puts a final piece of tuna on my plate. It’ s from Pingtung County in the south, where she was born. “Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”

蔡英文相信她會贏得這項權利。在我返回北京駐點的前幾天，我們在一家位於高雄的台式日本料理小店用餐，蔡英文對於取得台灣選民的信任並贏得選戰，展現出低調的自信。當時，她把最後一片鮪魚夾到我的盤子上。那塊鮪魚來自南方的屏東，她的出生地。「妳回北京以後，告訴他們，」蔡英文說：「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

—With reporting by Zoher Abdoolcarim, Gladys Tsai and Natalie Tso/Taipei

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圖片：猜猜看，認出畫風了嗎？^^

（歡迎任何形式分享，一律免問）

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We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.

Channel Description:
We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.

Credits:
Researcher/Writer/Narrator/Video Editor: Kento Bento
Illustrator: Charlie Rodriguez
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Video Title: How to Build an Undersea Tunnel from Japan to Korea

"In 1917, a Japanese Army general by the name of Kuniaki Koiso, wanted to connect Japan to the rest of Asia. He suggested the idea of building a grand tunnel from Japan all the way to Korea. Certainly a tremendous feat of engineering, and not just for that point in time. Over the next hundred years, through the various incarnations, and despite the numerous proposals, the project never moved beyond conception. Today, there’s still yet to be a tunnel or bridge connecting the two countries. But the question is, for how long?..."

Patreon Video: How My Grandpa Survived The HIROSHIMA ATOMIC BOMB: https://patreon.com/kentobento

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★ How Would You Take Down North Korea? (The 7 Choices) https://youtu.be/VM_fzaWAybw
★ Has McDonald's Conquered Asia?: https://youtu.be/pgHiRsk2UjY
★ How Would You Escape North Korea? (The 7 Choices): https://youtu.be/6A0ZOkMDLw0
★ 10 Things You Didn’t Know About FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR DISASTER: https://youtu.be/HpOG4WFKBZQ
★ 10 Things You Didn’t Know About THE JAPANESE EMPEROR: https://youtu.be/h--roytkH3Q
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10 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THE HIROSHIMA ATOMIC BOMBING (& NAGASAKI)

*CORRECTION: In the video, the location of Nagasaki is off. It should be more on the left side of Kyushu island.

1) Godzilla

Godzilla, the giant Japanese dinosaur-looking monster, a worldwide pop culture icon; who’s been in numerous movies.

Why am I mentioning this? Well, Godzilla owes its existence to the atomic bombs. In the aftermath, with the devastation still fresh in the Japanese consciousness, Godzilla was created as a metaphor for nuclear weapons and their destructive capabilities.

2) The Korean Casualties

An enormous number of Koreans also perished in the blast. In fact, around 25% of casualties were Koreans. Korea was under Japanese rule at the time so there were many drafted or conscripted Koreans in Hiroshima & Nagasaki. It’s unfortunate that the Korean victims of this tragedy have often been neglected

3) Close Call Kyoto

Today’s Kyoto landscape would have been greatly altered, and not for the better, if the Americans had gone about their original plan. The targets were in fact supposed to be Hiroshima & Kyoto. However, the US Secretary of War at the time, Henry L Stimson, insisted on sparing the city

4) The Pamphlet Warnings

Just prior to dropping the Atomic bombs, the US Airforce released pamphlets or leaflets from their planes warning Japanese citizens of the impending destruction. They were largely ineffective.

5) The Little Boy & The Fat Man

These were the American codenames of the two atomic bombs.

6) The American Casualties

12 American airmen were captured, then taken to the Chugoku Military Police Headquarters in Hiroshima, where the American weapon of mass destruction indiscriminately took them out.

7) Go

An important Go tournament was held in the suburbs of Hiroshima, about 5 km from ground zero; a pivotal match up was ongoing between champion Hashimoto and the challenger Iwamoto. When the atomic bomb went off, people were injured, buildings were damaged, and the game came to an immediate halt. Fortunately no one died as tournament officials had earlier moved the game away from the blast radius after coming across the American pamphlets.

The players took this opportunity to have a quick lunch break. Afterwards on the same day, they finished the game. White won.

8) Operation Meetinghouse

As devastating as the atomic bombs were, it didn’t even rank as the most destructive bombing event of WW2. That title goes to the deathly firebombing of Tokyo by the US Air Force, also known as Operation Meetinghouse. This was estimated to be the single most destructive bombing attack not just in Japan, but in history.

9) The Flame Of Peace

The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was built in dedication to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack. In the park, sits The Flame of Peace which has burned continuously since 1964, and will remain lit until all nuclear weapons are removed from the world and the planet is free from nuclear threat.

10) The Improbable Survivor

Tsutomu Yamaguchi worked for the Mitsubishi company, and on August 6th, 1945, he was away from home on a business trip in Hiroshima.

He witnessed the Little Boy dropping from the sky and the explosion ruptured his eardrums, blinded him, and left him with serious burns. But he was alive.

The very next day, he dragged his body to a station, made his way out of Hiroshima and back to his hometown. At home, he finally received treatment for his wounds.

Two days later, despite being seriously injured and heavily bandaged, he informed Mitsubishi that he was back from his Hiroshima business trip and ready to report to work. So, he went to work, as if nothing major had happened.

Yamaguchi was lucky to have survived the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb. However, he was unlucky that he went back home..

..to Nagasaki..

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The Takeuchi highway (Of excellence very) is toward from Osaka Prefecture Sakai City to the east, exceeds the south foot and Takeutitouge of Mt. Nijo-san, and is a highway of about 26km to the vicinity of the Nagao Shinto shrine of the Nara Prefecture Katsuragi city.

The section to the vicinity of the Takeuchi village from the swan intersection in Habikino City to the Katsuragi city is structure and a history from which most the districts are specified for No.166 in the national road.

* The Takeuchi highway is the oldest "Miti" in Japan recorded in the article of Nohonshoki of 21 years (613 years) in Empress Suiko, "A large road (uncle) from Nanba to the capital (Asuka) is put". The majority comes in succession in a present Takeuchi highway with Miti in the Empress Suiko age. The east side is connected with the Mitiyoco Main Street where the southern part of the Nara basin is crossed from east to west. It was called Himiti () before. Because Hino is crossed, it is presumed to be given of the name. It is understood to see the article on the Ten July 1 of the first year , saying that "A great number of multi of the war arrives from Miti at the association discernment if the west is faced and seen ..Otsu and ratio.. ..both.. drinking..", and to have been used also for the war of Monkey, and is presumed that it is Takeuchi highway with the Nagao highway.
* It is thought that this road was an east and west road to which the Furuichi old tomb group and the shrike bird old tomb group almost run in the center part, and the road where two old tomb groups tie. It is thought that it was constructed delaying behind the Nagao highway. Moreover, it touches the part forward at the edge of the southeast in the Oyama old tomb in yen part and it will go after the Honda Mt. old tomb south end if this highway is extended from east to west as a straight road. In a word, it is understood that these two huge old tombs are made on the north latitude line on the map.
* It seems that there was already traffic of considerable people because a lot of ruins in the mausoleum grave and the old tomb, etc. spent in the fifth century in the fourth century remained in the west foot (present Osaka Prefecture Taishi-cho) in Mt. Nijo-san though it is about beginning of the seventh century to be maintained as Miti as shown in the above-mentioned.
* Yatsca envoy and the monk of going abroad to study come and go in the Asuka age, and the culture from the continent to China and Korea is brought, and it is and of the Asuka culture.
* It continues partially of the Ise highway in the Middle Ages, and No.166 in the national road is going now. Therefore, the Takeuchi highway will be being used as a highway between the Asuka age and present.
* Matsuo Basho lived in the Takeuchi village in the route for a certain period of time in Edo period. There is Watayumitsca of the Basho monument there, and it is maintained as a park now.