#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
美國生活用語:The Red Vegetables 跟紅色有關的蔬菜🥕
你知道叫某人 a ginger 是什麼意思嗎?
來看看今天的美國生活用語就會知曉~
ps. 絕對不是很辣的意思喔
1⃣ (sb.) a carrot-top
2⃣ (sb.) a ginger
3⃣ as red as a beet
--
You may have noticed that there are some bright-colored vegetables out there. It shouldn’t be surprising, therefore, that some of these vegetables would be used in descriptive idioms.
你或許有注意到,有些蔬菜的顏色特別亮眼,不過這其實沒什麼好意外的,而不免俗地,這些蔬菜當然也出現在美語中。
Carrots, for example. 1⃣ If you were to call someone a carrot-top, what would that mean? It would mean they have red hair! You may be thinking, “But aren’t carrots more orange than red? This is true, but lots of redheads have hair that’s more orange then red, and they’re still called “redheads,” right? There’s even a famous American comedian called Carrot Top (his real name is Scott Thompson). Ex: Our two sons are blond, but our daughter is a carrot-top.
拿 carrot 紅蘿蔔來說,如果你叫某人 carrot-top「紅蘿蔔頭」是什麼意思呢?就是在說他們有頭紅髮!你或許會想:「可是紅蘿蔔是橘色,不是紅色的啊?」是沒錯,但實際上許多紅髮人的髮色與其說是紅色更多是橘色,可他們還是被叫 redhead「紅髮」,是吧?甚至有個知名美國喜劇人就叫 Carrot Top(他的真名是史考特湯普森)。例句:Our two sons are blond, but our daughter is a carrot-top.(我們兩個兒子雖然是金髮,但我們女兒是紅髮。)
2⃣ What if you call someone a “ginger”? It also means they’re a redhead! If you cook with ginger, you may wonder why the word has this meaning. After all, ginger root has more of a yellow or brown color. On the other hand, things like gingerbread men and candied ginger both have a reddish-brown color. But the real answer lies in the ginger plant, which has bright red flowers. Worth mentioning is that some people may consider the term “ginger” offensive, so be careful when using it. Ex: Why are there so many gingers in Ireland?
要是你叫某人ginger呢?也是在說他們有頭紅髮!如果你有用薑煮菜的習慣,你就會很好奇,為什麼ginger會有這一層意思,畢竟,薑再怎麼樣不是黃色就是褐色,不過薑餅人或薑糖的外表倒是紅褐色的。不過,真正的答案,其實是在薑這個植物本身:因為薑花是亮紅色的。值得注意的是,有些人會認為ginger這個字有歧視意味,所以使用時務必小心。如:Why are there so many gingers in Ireland?(為什麼愛爾蘭有這麼多紅頭髮?)
Finally we have the beet. You probably know that beets are red, but they’re even redder when you cut them open, and the juice is even redder still. 3⃣ So if you say someone is “red as a beet,” it means they’re very red. The phrase is most often used to describe someone who is flushed with embarrassment, but can also describe a person who is red from heat or sunburn. Ex: Tommy turned red as a beet when the girl kissed him.
最後我們來談甜菜。你大概知道甜菜是紅色的,當你把甜菜切開,裡面更紅,而用它們做成的果汁更紅!所以,如果你說某人red as a beet「紅得跟甜菜一樣」,表示他們真的很紅。這個片語常用來形容某人因尷尬而臉紅的樣子,也能形容晒傷後的皮膚。如:Tommy turned red as a beet when the girl kissed him.(女孩親了湯米之後,他的臉紅得像甜菜一樣。)
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Idiom: on top of that = 除此之外
電影 #The_Intern, #高年級實習生 例句:
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On top of that, she has a minor heart condition. I think this could possibly be not good for that.
除此之外, 她還有小小的心臟疾病。我想這對她不會是件好事。
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【關於相似字、同類字--以「烤」為例】#翻譯工作心得
最近正在翻譯一本飲食相關的書,書中出現許多有關「烤」的動詞,主要出現的有:bake、toast、roast、grill和broil。這些字都不會太難,但是究竟有何差別呢?每個字會存在,必定是與其他詞彙有相異點。這篇就來帶大家認識這五個動詞,並談談翻譯時所使用的策略。
要正確認識相似字,除了查字典外(而且一定要是英英字典),個人還會利用「語料庫」。語料庫簡單來說,就是一種蒐集某一語言的資料,有點類似語言的搜尋引擎,只要輸入某一字詞,就會出現該字曾經使用於某些文本中的真實語境。這些文本通常是具有權威性的報章雜誌期刊,像是紐約時報。透過語料庫的搜尋結果,可以知道某個字通常是怎麼使用在現實生活中的。
首先,讓我們來看看這五個動詞在著名的韋氏英英字典中個別的意思(例句取自奇摩字典):
bake - to make (food, such as bread and cake) by preparing a dough, batter, etc., and cooking it in an oven using dry heat
EX: We bake bread and cake in an oven.
toast - to make (as bread) crisp, hot, and brown by heat
EX: She toasted bread for breakfast.
roast - to cook (food such as chicken, potatoes, or beef) with dry heat in an oven or over a fire
EX: He roasted a chicken for dinner.
grill - to cook (food) on a metal frame over fire
EX: Grill the burgers for eight minutes each side.
broil - to cook by direct exposure to radiant heat
EX: They broiled a turkey over charcoal.
接著,試著用知名語料庫COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) 搜尋這些動詞,並各舉出搜尋結果的三個例子:
bake -
1. Grate fresh ginger (dried may not be as potent) into stir-fries or even bake it into cookies.
2. Defrost frozen spinach in a casserole dish, top with shredded Parmesan, and bake at 350 degrees until the top is golden brown.
3. Bake peppers until breadcrumbs are golden, about 10 minutes.
toast -
1. Brush baguette slices on both sides with olive oil; toast bread until golden, then flip and repeat.
2. Toast the bread until golden.
3. HEAT oil in small nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add mustard seeds, curry powder, and cumin. Toast, stirring, until fragrant, about 2 minutes.
roast -
1. Roast peppers directly under broiler or over an open flame, turning frequently until blistered and blackened on all sides, 6 to 8 minutes.
2. Roast until bacon is crisp, 15 to 20 minutes, stirring halfway through to break up any clumps.
3. Roast chicken until skin is golden brown and an instant-read thermometer reaches 167F when inserted into thickest part of thigh, 50 to 60 minutes.
grill -
1. Brush one side of each pizza with 1 tablespoon olive oil, season with salt and pepper, and grill with oiled side facedown on grates for 9 minutes.
2. That's why I grill lamb, usually a butterflied leg.
3. Grill or broil the meat 6 to 7 minutes, and then freeze the cooked beef for 5 minutes so you can slice it thinly with ease.
broil -
1. Arrange the sliced meat on a baking sheet, top with the vegetables, and add a few thin shavings of Gruyere cheese on top. Broil 1 minute.
2. Season fish with salt and pepper. Arrange in single layer on sheet pan lined with nonstick foil. Broil until cooked through, about 6 minutes.
3. Slice zucchini lengthwise into 1/8 " -to 1/4 " -thick slices with mandoline or sharp knife. Working in batches, arrange slices in single layer on prepared pans and coat tops with spray. Broil 6 " from heat until golden, 5 minutes.
最後,參考「母語人士」的說法,也是很可靠的。以下說法來自某位網友,當然,這只是其中一個我找到的:
bake - In the case of cakes or casseroles the food fills the pan so that you get even cooking but the food does not dry out. Also used as a general term for cooking almost anything in the oven.
toast - Generally the heat is both top and bottom (or side to side in a toaster) and it is a dry cooking method with a food that has little moisture, bread for example.
roast - Higher temperature with the intent to caramelize the outer portion of the food to bring out flavor. An example of this would be roasting a piece of meat, or vegetables. The pan is large enough to allow heat to reach most sides of the food that is being cooked.
grill - The heat comes from the bottom to cook the food.
broil - The heat comes from the top to cook the food.
綜合以上,可以發現這五個動詞在「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等面向差異甚大,歸納如下:
bake - 食材通常是麵糰,用來烤麵包、糕點、餅乾等,但也可以指魚肉、燉菜、馬鈴薯等多種食物;烹調時間長;使用器具為烤箱。
toast - 食材通常是水份極少的麵包(如法國長棍麵包、吐司);烹調時間通常較短;使用器具基本上為烤麵包機;此外,這個動詞最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
roast - 食材通常是雞、豬、牛等,以一大塊肉或整隻動物的形式,也可指馬鈴薯、花生、栗子、咖啡豆、堅果類包覆在鋁箔中;烹調時間較長、溫度較高;使用器具為烤箱或炭火;若指肉類,最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
grill - 食材不拘;烹調時間較broil長;使用器具為烤箱或烤架,尤其是指放於鐵網上烤;熱源來自下方。
broil - 食材不拘;烹調時間很短;使用器具為烤箱,需先預熱;熱源來自上方,溫度極高,十分接近食材,以快速烤熟食物為目的,烤箱門通常打開來烤。
就算了解這些動詞的差別,中文不都是「烤」嗎?那麼譯者該如何處理呢?
我的想法是:若上下文已經點出「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等區別這些動詞的面向,使讀者一看前後文就知道這道食譜要用哪一種方式烤,這個時候可以直接翻成「烤」就好,多加解釋反而累贅。
另外,可在「烤」字前面加上輔助字,描述烤的方式。例如:bake譯成「烘烤」、roast為「火烤」、grill為「燒烤」、broil為「炙烤」等。
如果以上兩種方式都不適用,且非得確實點明烤的方式、否則影響文意時,再多做解釋、區分差異。
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