《梅克爾下台倒數14天》BBC
* 歐洲女王曾經是梅克爾的眾多稱號之一。但現在,這位強大的德國總理,本月選舉後,將遠離政治,永遠離開她女王的標籤。
梅克爾是現任歐盟領導人中任職時間最長的領袖。她參加了大約 100 次歐盟峰會,經常被描述為“房間裡唯一的成年人”。
事實確實如此:她令人難忘地幫助引導歐盟度過了移民危機、歐債危機、Covid-19,甚至是英國退歐。
但這是兩個不同的梅克爾混合的故事。
她的歐洲遺產,就像她的國內遺產一樣,也是相互混合甚至矛盾的。
在她的家鄉,她仍受到批評——她掌舵德國的 16 年裡,她是一名 遲疑著Krisenmanagerin,或危機經理,經常等到最後一刻才採取行動;一個務實主義者,沒有遠見卓識——包括她在歐洲舞台上的記錄。
這些都很重要,因為在梅克爾離開政壇許久之後,它們都將成為她真正的歷史評價的核心。
務實主義者梅克爾可能已經幫助歐盟度過了無數生存危機。
但是,如果梅克爾作為歐盟最富有和最有影響力的國家的領導人,能夠更果斷地利用自己的長期地位,那麼她可能會讓歐盟變得更加虛弱和無舵。
以 2015 年歐元區危機為例。
即使是希臘火熱的財政部長亞尼斯·瓦魯法基斯也承認,梅克爾通過讓他的國家保持在貨幣中拯救了歐元,儘管希臘因此財政仍然拮据。
“確實,她最終負責維持歐元區的團結,因為如果希臘退出歐元區,我不相信它維持一體,”。
“但我對她的政策有一些非常強烈的不同意見。她對於歐元區從來沒有遠見。她從來沒有想過一旦她拯救了歐元區,該如何進一步處理它,而且她拯救它的方式變得非常分裂。無論是在德國還是在希臘。”
梅克爾知道大方向,但她太務實,走一步算一步。
希臘總理瓦魯法基斯 (Yanis Varoufakis) 引用了她強加於希臘的重大緊縮措施,批評她。
在雅典,2015 年反德和反歐盟的不滿情緒蔓延街頭。抗議者揮舞著梅克爾的標語牌,留著希特勒的小鬍子,有些人焚燒歐盟旗幟。
西班牙和義大利也被迫面對許多納稅人認為不公平的緊縮措施,他們認為,這是梅克爾強加給他們的。
於是義大利從一個狂熱的親歐派轉變為一個狂熱的歐洲懷疑論的國家。
憤怒的選民相信歐元區的規則是為了強大的德國利益而設計的,以支持其利潤豐厚的出口行業。
他們說,如果像德國這樣更強大、更富有的成員國不幫助較弱、陷入困境的成員國,他們就看不到加入歐盟或歐洲共同市場的意義。
當你需要他們時,德國納稅人在哪裡?他們想知道。
這導致了針對梅克爾的另一項批評:最終她的學說只是歐洲的“德國優先”學說。
你可能會說,這並不奇怪。
首先,每個國家當選的領導人都可能優先考慮他們的國家。
但是後來——這是德國特有的——因為納粹歷史,德國人和歷屆總理,常常對國際中扮演重要的領導角色,非常謹慎。
所以,歐洲女王的稱號當之無愧嗎?
梅克爾總理的確最終出手干預以拯救歐元區,但她也在歐盟內部引發了深刻的南北分歧。
在難民危機期間和 Covid 大流行開始時,這樣的分裂危機再次出現——南歐人感到被遺棄,他們總是首當其沖地面對這些緊急情況,而且孤立無援。
雖然最終他們仍然感謝梅克爾,即使她往往很晚才出手.才行動。
這就是為什麼她的歐盟歷史遺產好壞參半。
但她在歐盟也樹立了一個驚人的先例。
與之前的處理歐元危機慢吞吞不同,Covid-19 危機對像德國這樣的富裕國家,承擔了較貧窮的歐盟國家的疫苗需求及經濟債務。
這又突顯了德國總理必要會採取的激進立場,尤其她必須面對德國國內要求平衡預算的傳統壓力。
法國經濟部長Bruno Le Maire是歐盟 Covid 復甦基金的主要設計師,該基金由德國梅克爾夫人和法國總統馬克洪Emmanuel Macron) 共同向歐盟領導人提議。
由於梅克爾在大流行疾病時歐盟一體採購疫苗的勇氣,這位歐盟遊戲規則改變者認為:“事實證明,梅克爾能夠根據德國當前的思維方式做出決定,並支持歐洲大陸更好的整合和更高的效率.”
勒梅爾先生認為,梅克爾總理認為,如果她不簽約,歐洲在大流行之後的未來就會岌岌可危。
當然,另一種觀點是,梅克爾所以採取快速行動,仍然是以德國的最佳利益為首要考量。
她可能非常清楚,如果義大利、西班牙、法國或其他國家因大流行而在經濟上窒息,歐盟的單一市場可能會崩潰。
市場是德國企業的主要賺錢來源。
因此,危機經理梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 挽起袖子,採取了戲劇性、務實的行動。
她不僅在德國,在其他地方創造了歷史和頭條新聞。
儘管此行達還沒有達到梅克爾對歐盟移民危機的回答所引發的令人興奮的程度。
2015 年夏末,梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 向超過 100 萬難民和尋求庇護者開放德國邊境時,她登上了全世界的頭版——有人稱讚,有人嘲笑。
回到家鄉,一些人自豪地吹噓自己國家的 Willkommenkultur,他們歡迎他人的文化,以梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 為標誌。
其他人被這些難民的到來激怒,湧向極右翼 AfD,促使其成為自第二次世界大戰結束以來第一個在德國聯邦議會中贏得席位的極右翼政黨。
她的移民決定對歐盟的影響是巨大的,也是喜憂參半的。
歐盟在 2012 年獲得了諾貝爾和平獎。然而,僅僅三年後,其成員國就開始相互封鎖邊境,以阻止難民進入,其中許多人是為了逃離曾經是英法分割殖民的敘利亞戰爭。
這位德國領導人的行動幫助恢復了歐盟作為歐盟創始原則第 2 條規定,人權捍衛者的聲譽。
據美國副國家安全顧問兼總統的得力助手本·羅德斯說,美國總統歐巴馬受到了她很大鼓舞。
“這是歐巴馬所處的時代,當時世界上很少有政治領導人會做一些他們知道會在政治上造成破壞民調、聲望的事情,儘管他們認為這是正確的事情。
“當梅克爾決定接納所有這些難民時,很明顯這會引起政治反彈,歐巴馬對此以及她為之辯護的方式,感到難以置信。”
根據羅德斯先生的說法,歐巴馬鼓勵德國總理更有力地為捍衛歐洲發聲,尤其是在川普當選和英國脫歐公投之後。
羅德斯先生說,到 2016 年底,歐巴馬先生開始相信梅克爾和柏林現在必將成為“自由民主秩序的重心”。
布魯塞爾從此沐浴在梅克爾的光芒中。
另一方面,你可能會問,為什麼梅克爾沒有向歐盟領導人施壓,讓他們在 2015 年移民危機之前做好更好的準備?
在敘利亞和利比亞發生事件之後,這並不令人意外。
絕望的難民和尋求庇護者在試圖非法越境進入歐洲的海上喪生,歐盟國家則在試圖將他們拒之門外時,進行假人道了表演。
先是人道主義,之後又是務實主義,梅克爾總理後來因在代表歐盟與土耳其獨裁總統埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)達成有爭議的協議中發揮的關鍵作用而受到國際特赦組織和難民組織的抨擊。
該協議要求土耳其不僅要防止難民和其他人登上開往歐洲的走私船,還要開始接回那些設法登陸希臘海岸的人。
還有更多“是的,但是”的例子,當談到梅克爾(Angela Merkel)時,所謂的歐盟捍衛人權的堡壘,已經是她的名字。
是的,今年夏天,她和其他 16 位歐盟領導人簽署了一封聯名信,以捍衛 LGBTQ+ 社區,當時就成員國匈牙利的一項新法律引發了激烈的爭議。
但多年來,梅克爾也被許多人視為匈牙利民主倒退的推動者。
匈牙利自封為“非自由派”的總理維克托·奧爾班直到最近還是梅克爾總理在布魯塞爾的中右翼 EPP 小組的成員,保證了它在歐洲議會中的更多席位和影響力。疏遠他是有問題的,她再次沒有採取果斷行動。
匈牙利及其歐盟盟友波蘭——德國企業的重要合作夥伴——令人得到的結論是,梅克爾和整個歐盟,在涉及其人權記錄和法治並不一致。
西班牙前外交部長兼世界銀行集團前副行長安娜·帕拉西奧(Ana Palacio)最近指責德國有效地領導了她所說的歐洲控制其非自由成員的“非戰略”。她說,如果德國想採取行動維護歐盟保護人權和法治的創始原則,它就會發生。
帕拉西奧女士還抨擊了歐盟的外交政策,將缺乏方向和“可疑決定”歸咎於梅克爾(Angela Merkel)的大門:從歐盟與土耳其的交易到與中國的全面投資協議。該協議於去年 12 月在德國擔任歐盟 6 個月輪值主席國結束時簽署,令當時即將上任的華盛頓拜登政府感到震驚。
2020年,中國是德國最重要的貨物貿易夥伴。
安格拉·梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 經常受到抨擊,因為她似乎允許德國的貿易利益決定其國家的外交政策,從而對歐盟產生影響。
最後是搞好與俄羅斯的關係。
通過在俄羅斯和德國之間建造北溪 2 管道以確保更便宜的能源,她被指責削弱了歐盟的政治團結和戰略一致性,並讓普丁不感到他必須面對強大的歐盟影響力。
許多中歐和東歐國家反對這條管道。烏克蘭總統沃洛德米爾·澤倫斯基最近將北溪二號稱為“危險的地緣政治武器”。
梅克爾只堅稱,如果莫斯科濫用管道,歐盟將對其實施進一步製裁。
她的另一面,她一直是對烏克蘭制裁俄羅斯的熱情倡導者。 2020 年 8 月,當著名的俄羅斯反對派政治家阿列克謝·納瓦爾尼 (Alexei Navalny) 被毒死時,這位德國領導人讓他飛往柏林的一家醫院,在那裡她採取了非常不尋常的步驟,突然拜訪了他。
再一次混合面貌的梅克爾歷史臉孔。
這篇文章的目的並不是要求梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 面對歐盟的所有弊病。
在布魯塞爾,梅克爾的師父科爾被視為現代歐盟的創始人。他支持歐元的想法,反對當時德國的多數輿論。他的理由是政治上的,而不是經濟上的。
科爾認為,共同貨幣將防止歐洲鄰國之間發生進一步的戰爭。
科爾還推動德國統一,這讓德國西部的納稅人付出了代價。通過這樣做,他使東歐和中歐更接近歐盟,即使加入歐盟的前景仍然很遙遠。
相比之下,安格拉·梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 的歐洲王冠就不那麼好了。危機時期的關鍵歐盟人物?她只是讓幫派團結在一起的膠水?
是的。
她是一個自信的新歐盟未來的建築師?可能不是。
法國的埃馬紐埃爾·馬克洪 (Emmanuel Macron) 渴望獲得這個頭銜。
四年前在巴黎,他要求在宣布總統選舉勝利時演奏貝多芬的第九首——歐盟國歌。綽號“歐洲先生”的他有一個雄心勃勃的歐盟改革計劃,包括從美國獲得戰略自主權——或者至少減少對美國的依賴,但他需要安格拉·梅克爾的幫助。
幫助為所謂的歐洲法德發動機注入活力 - 並幫助德國納稅人的錢投資,使他的 21 世紀歐盟願景成為現實。
這在德國並不是最流行的想法,因為安吉拉·梅克爾 (Angela Merkel) 非常清楚。
多年來,她一再的反擊和無休止的拖延戰術,直到 Covid 復甦基金,導致她被悄悄地稱為 Nein 總理。
柏林對法國總統的政府有自己的綽號,Scattergun。顯然是因為他們不斷為歐洲提出各種不同的想法:從擁有自己的國防力量到環境建議,再到新的歐盟貿易精神和歐元貨幣整合。
無論德國的下一任總理在本月的選舉之後是誰,而且競選已經白熱化,他或她將缺乏安吉拉·梅克爾多年來在布魯塞爾積累的經驗和莊嚴。
埃馬紐埃爾·馬克洪(Emmanuel Macron)看到了歐盟議席頭上的默克爾形狀的洞,並希望填補它。
如果他這樣做,歐盟可能會發生一些重大變化。這位在法國被稱為愛麗舍宮皇帝的人,很想被加冕為歐洲之王。
不過,首先,他必須贏得四月份的法國總統大選。
這絕非易事。
For her part, Angela Merkel insists the EU will impose further sanctions on Moscow if it abuses the pipeline.
She has been a passionate advocate of sanctions against Russia over Ukraine. And when prominent Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny was poisoned in August 2020, the German leader had him flown to a Berlin hospital, where she took the highly unusual step of paying him a surprise visit.
A mixed legacy once again.
The aim of this article is not, of course, to lay all EU ills at Angela Merkel's door.
But when it comes to EU legacies, it's worth taking a look, as German journalists have been doing, at her late political mentor, former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
In Brussels, he is viewed as a founding father of the modern-day European Union. He supported the idea of the euro, against majority public opinion in Germany at the time. His reasons were political, rather than economic. Helmut Kohl believed a common currency would prevent further wars between European neighbours.
Kohl also pushed for German reunification, to the cost of taxpayers in western Germany. In so doing, he brought Eastern and Central Europe that much closer to the EU, even if membership was still a far-off prospect.
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Continue ReadingGet to know Yandex, a company that ruled the world online in Russia / by investing man.
Nowadays most people are familiar with using online platforms.
To meet everyday needs.
We searched for information from Google
We order products from Amazon
We called a car and ordered food via Uber, Grab
We follow videos on YouTube
We listen to favorite songs on Spotify
But believe it or not, people can use these services through a single ′′ Yandex ′′ company.
What business does this company do? Why do they rule Russian over other famous platforms?
Investing man will tell you about it.
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Yandex is Russia's biggest tech company
Founded in 1997 or 23 years ago by a businessman named Arkady Volozh
Yandex stands for Yet Another Indexer
Because the first business of the company is to make a search website.
In the global Search Engine market, Google is undoubtedly leading up to 92 % while Yandex has 5 % user with a 0.5 % share.
But within the Russian country
Yandex can rule the market share at 58 % to be regarded as Russian Google.
However, this is only part of the Yandex Kingdom because of 70 different types of internet-related businesses.
Let's see some interesting examples.
Yandex. Direct Online Advertising Business is like Google Ads. 61 % Russian market share.
Yandex. Market platform to buy products online like Amazon. Currently, there are 19 million users per month.
Yandex. Taxi platform called Uber, but embraced 60 % of domestic users until the end of 2018, Uber competitors have to sell Russian affairs for 36.6 % of Yandex's shareholders. Taxi instead.
Yandex. Eats food delivery service and Yandex Lavka, the new generation's popular grocery delivery service.
Resulting in quarter 1 2020 Transport business group grew 49 % compared to the same period last year.
Yandex. Music platform listening online like Spotify and Yandex. Video platform. Video watching online. Like YouTube. Latest. Total members of 4.3 million accounts.
There are also many other businesses like
Yandex. Flight Platform to book airfare
Yandex. Messenger Chat Apps
Yandex. Disk storage services on cloud
Yandex. Money Payment System and Online Banking
Alisa Smart Assistant like Amazon Alexa
Even during the COVID-19 incident Russia was one of the severe outbreak centers, the company developed a free virus detection kit to the public.
By the proportion of the company's income every 100 baht.
64 baht from advertisement fee
24 baht from car and delivery business.
12 baht from other businesses such as subscription fee, entertainment media.
If you ask what is the reason Yandex has succeeded in occupying online space?
The answer should be not hesitating to grab opportunities in hand.
The company's strategy is to analyze which businesses have potential and foreigners are starting to market. But it doesn't meet local people. Yandex will compete with simple service models and consistent with consumer behavior.
Because the company has a great advantage that it can design platforms to support the usage of Russian language properly and more accurately.
Improving Yandex's performance continuously following the development of internet technology.
But it's undeniable that the weakness of rubble currency from Russia's case of economic sanctions since mid 2014's after Ukraine Crimea land annexation to be part of itself. Assembled with the Expanding businesses, affecting fairly corporate profits.
Year 2013 (1 rubles equals 1.01 baht)
Income 39,900 million baht
Profit of 13,600 million baht.
Year 2017 (1 rubles equals 0.55 baht)
Income 52,000 million baht
Profit of 4,800 million baht.
Year 2018 (1 rubles equals 0.47 baht)
Income 60,000 million baht
Profit of 20,800 million baht.
This year, there is extra profit from separating Yandex business. Market venture out with another company
Year 2019 (1 rubles equals 0.49 baht)
Income 86,000 million baht
Profit of 5,500 million baht.
Yandex is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange in the USA. Now it's worth 420,000 million baht.
And it is evaluated that Mr Arkady Volozh, who is founder and CEO has private property up to 42,000 million baht.
However, sometimes business-related to a lot of data is often troubled because government concerns about the security of important data that could slip into the hands of dissent countries.
Yandex was recently ordered to restructure the company without a single shareholder over 10 % and limit total expat shareholders to 50 %
Yandex story makes us know
In many countries, strong foreign brands often scare local business owners and dare to do anything.
But really, what those companies can fight with us is understanding the unique characteristics of domestic consumers.
So if you keep opening the door to opportunities.
At the end we may succeed.
Like the case of Yandex that has become everything in Russian life..
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References
-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex
-https://www.wired.co.uk/article/russias-search-engineer
-https://www.oberlo.com/statistics/search-engine-market-share
-https://yandex.com/support/all-services/
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/225701/revenue-of-yandex-since-2007/
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/225709/net-income-of-yandex/
-https://ir.yandex/news-releases/news-release-details/yandex-announces-first-quarter-2020-financial-results
-https://ir.yandex/news-releases/news-release-details/yandex-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2018-financial
-https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yandex-fund-law/russias-yandex-gets-green-light-from-putin-over-new-governance-structure-idUSKBN1Y10WS
-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkady_VolozhTranslated
russian currency 在 文茜的世界周報 Sisy's World News Facebook 的最佳貼文
0114紐約時報
*【伊朗嚴重的經濟危機削弱了與美國的戰鬥意念】
伊朗面臨工作稀缺,食品和其他必需品價格飛漲,經濟急速萎縮的困境。國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)指出,川普政府伊朗嚴厲的經制制裁,使其無法進入國際市場,目前伊朗的經濟年增率出現9.5%的萎縮。牛津經濟研究院數據顯示,經濟制裁阻礙了銷售,12月的伊朗石油出口為零。經濟困境削弱伊朗與美國敵對行動升級的意願,伊朗領導人意識到,戰爭可能會使民生更加惡化。
*【政府承認擊落烏克蘭客機後,伊朗國內外激發憤怒浪潮】
抗議者第三天走上街頭,與員警展開對峙。線上視頻顯示,德黑蘭和伊斯法罕的大學生在街頭高呼統治者下台的口號。在國際上,伊朗還面臨遇難者所屬國家要求賠償的問題,包括加拿大、烏克蘭、阿富汗在內的五個國家將參與協商。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/mid…/iran-plane-crash-missile.html
*【美國不再將中國列為貨幣操縱國】
川普政府週一將中國移出匯率操控國名單,為中方高級官員抵達華盛頓與總統簽署第一階段貿易協定提供了重大讓步。美國財政部發佈拖延已久的貨幣報告,自川普去年8月將中國列入貨幣操控國以來,首次對該國貨幣政策進行了分析:報告稱被貶值以使出口收益的人民幣自9月來一直在升值。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/treasury-china-currency-manipulat…
*【巴爾要求蘋果解鎖佛州恐攻殺手的手機】
美國司法部長巴爾表示,上個月在佛羅里達州彭薩科拉海軍基地發生的槍擊事件是恐怖主義行為,他要求蘋果公司破解槍手使用的兩部手機以協助調查,這使得該公司與美國執法部門再次陷入隱私和公共安全的紛爭之中。在2015年加州恐怖襲擊的調查中,蘋果曾拒絕幫助解鎖手機的要求。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/p…/pensacola-shooting-iphones.html
*【在美國彈劾風暴之際,俄羅斯駭進烏克蘭天然氣公司網站】
在美國總統川普面臨“通烏”彈劾調查之際,俄羅斯駭客攻擊了烏克蘭最大的、同時也是前副總統拜登之子任職的天然氣公司,以竊取機密。目前尚不清楚駭客發現了什麼,或他們想要尋找什麼,但安全專家稱,此次攻擊的時間和規模表明,俄羅斯可能正在尋找川普希望從烏克蘭那裡獲得的關於拜登的相關破壞性資訊。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/russian-hackers-burisma-ukraine.h…
*【川普打擊伊朗令北京在人權和中東問題上漁利?】
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https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20200113/trump-china-iran/
*【香港人的“催淚彈”霜淇淋和“加油”月餅】
一個人支持抗議者。一家餐館支持他。其他餐廳支持這家餐廳。抗議者支持他們所有。無論好吃與否,這座城市正在滋養一種團結一心的氛圍。
https://cn.nytimes.com/op…/20200113/hong-kong-protests-food/
*【女王“支持”哈利王子和梅根的“新生活” 】
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https://www.nytimes.com/…/europe/queen-elizabeth-harry-megh…
*【歷經菲律賓火山浩劫,絕望的居民無視的危險試圖返回家園】
菲律賓官員呼籲居民撤離,因塔拉火山爆發可能造成危險,菲律賓火山與地震研究所警告說,火山爆發可能會引發“劇烈海嘯”。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/asia/volcano-philippines-taal.html
*【2019年海洋溫度破紀錄】
一項新的研究顯示,去年是世界海洋溫度有記錄以來最高的一年,而最近五年則是海洋溫度最高的五年,這凸顯了全球長期變暖的趨勢。此外,歐洲科學家上周曾宣佈,2019年的地表溫度也是有記錄以來第二高的一年。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/ocean-temperatures-climate-change…
*【奧斯卡提名2020:《小丑》以11項入圍領先;另外三部獲得10項入圍】
《小丑》憑藉包括最佳影片在內的11項提名領跑,流媒體平臺Netflix則憑《愛爾蘭人》和《婚姻故事》等影片收穫24項提名。幾位傑出的女性導演未能獲得最佳導演提名,四部非常男性化、白人為主的影片佔據了今年提名名單的主導地位。“愛爾蘭人”,“從前有個好萊塢”和“ 1917”都獲得了10項提名。
https://www.nytimes.com/…/oscar-nominations-academy-awards.…
russian currency 在 Shiney Youtube 的最佳解答
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/metro-last-light-redux
Metro Last Light Redux พากย์ไทย
Metro: Last Light takes place in 2034, one year after the events of Metro 2033, following the ending of the original novel in which Artyom's missile strike against the Dark Ones — mysterious beings that seemingly threatened the survivors of a nuclear war living in the Moscow Metro — occurred. The Rangers, a neutral peacekeeping force that operates throughout the system, have since occupied the D6 military facility Artyom visited during the first game. This is a huge, and not fully explored pre-war bunker, and Artyom, now a Ranger himself, remains unsure whether killing the Dark Ones was the correct decision. Rumors of D6's discovery and its great riches have spread around the Metro; rival factions, such as the Soviet Red Line and Nazi Fourth Reich, hope to seize the bunker and its contents.
Metro Redux is a post-apocalyptic first-person shooter, and a two-part remake of Metro 2033 and Metro Last Light for next-generation consoles. It was developed by 4A Games and published by Deep Sliver. The enhanced versions of both games can be bought together as a bundle or separately.
Metro Redux features remakes of both games in an improved 4A Engine. While Metro Last Light Redux includes general improvements, Metro 2033 Redux has been completely remade in the Last Light engine and updated to include the same features as Metro Last Light. Metro Redux has been released for the next-generation consoles, the Xbox One and PS4, as well as PC.
This game is based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's book Metro 2033.
In 2013, nuclear war had devastated the Earth, wiping out billions of lives. Among the affected nations is Russia, including the now-desolate wasteland of Moscow. A handful of survivors manage to hide in the Metro system, salvaging spare parts and growing mushrooms for food. Animals such as rats, bears, and others are mutated into horrific monsters, while the air in many areas that humans breathe becomes heavily irradiated and impossible to survive in without a gas mask. While there is a constant state of war between the Communists and the Nazis both trying to promote their radical ideologies, bandits are stealing, killing and looting in the metro tunnels, even keeping hostages to gain bullets, which are used as currency.
Twenty years later, in 2033, the northern station of VDNKh, now called Exhibition, falls under attack by a group of mysterious creatures referred to as the Dark Ones. Artyom (Russian: Артём), a 24-year-old male survivor born before the bombs fell and the adopted son of the station commander, is persuaded to leave his home there and seek help from the rest of the Metro by Hunter, an elite soldier of the Spartan Order. Hunter gives Artyom his dog tags and tells him to present them to his superiors in Polis, the "capital" of the Metro, before disappearing while tracking the Dark Ones.
russian currency 在 Shiney Youtube 的精選貼文
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/metro-exodus
Metro Last Light Redux พากย์ไทย
Metro: Last Light takes place in 2034, one year after the events of Metro 2033, following the ending of the original novel in which Artyom's missile strike against the Dark Ones — mysterious beings that seemingly threatened the survivors of a nuclear war living in the Moscow Metro — occurred. The Rangers, a neutral peacekeeping force that operates throughout the system, have since occupied the D6 military facility Artyom visited during the first game. This is a huge, and not fully explored pre-war bunker, and Artyom, now a Ranger himself, remains unsure whether killing the Dark Ones was the correct decision. Rumors of D6's discovery and its great riches have spread around the Metro; rival factions, such as the Soviet Red Line and Nazi Fourth Reich, hope to seize the bunker and its contents.
Metro Redux is a post-apocalyptic first-person shooter, and a two-part remake of Metro 2033 and Metro Last Light for next-generation consoles. It was developed by 4A Games and published by Deep Sliver. The enhanced versions of both games can be bought together as a bundle or separately.
Metro Redux features remakes of both games in an improved 4A Engine. While Metro Last Light Redux includes general improvements, Metro 2033 Redux has been completely remade in the Last Light engine and updated to include the same features as Metro Last Light. Metro Redux has been released for the next-generation consoles, the Xbox One and PS4, as well as PC.
This game is based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's book Metro 2033.
In 2013, nuclear war had devastated the Earth, wiping out billions of lives. Among the affected nations is Russia, including the now-desolate wasteland of Moscow. A handful of survivors manage to hide in the Metro system, salvaging spare parts and growing mushrooms for food. Animals such as rats, bears, and others are mutated into horrific monsters, while the air in many areas that humans breathe becomes heavily irradiated and impossible to survive in without a gas mask. While there is a constant state of war between the Communists and the Nazis both trying to promote their radical ideologies, bandits are stealing, killing and looting in the metro tunnels, even keeping hostages to gain bullets, which are used as currency.
Twenty years later, in 2033, the northern station of VDNKh, now called Exhibition, falls under attack by a group of mysterious creatures referred to as the Dark Ones. Artyom (Russian: Артём), a 24-year-old male survivor born before the bombs fell and the adopted son of the station commander, is persuaded to leave his home there and seek help from the rest of the Metro by Hunter, an elite soldier of the Spartan Order. Hunter gives Artyom his dog tags and tells him to present them to his superiors in Polis, the "capital" of the Metro, before disappearing while tracking the Dark Ones.
russian currency 在 Shiney Youtube 的精選貼文
Metro Last Light Redux พากย์ไทย
Metro: Last Light takes place in 2034, one year after the events of Metro 2033, following the ending of the original novel in which Artyom's missile strike against the Dark Ones — mysterious beings that seemingly threatened the survivors of a nuclear war living in the Moscow Metro — occurred. The Rangers, a neutral peacekeeping force that operates throughout the system, have since occupied the D6 military facility Artyom visited during the first game. This is a huge, and not fully explored pre-war bunker, and Artyom, now a Ranger himself, remains unsure whether killing the Dark Ones was the correct decision. Rumors of D6's discovery and its great riches have spread around the Metro; rival factions, such as the Soviet Red Line and Nazi Fourth Reich, hope to seize the bunker and its contents.
Metro Redux is a post-apocalyptic first-person shooter, and a two-part remake of Metro 2033 and Metro Last Light for next-generation consoles. It was developed by 4A Games and published by Deep Sliver. The enhanced versions of both games can be bought together as a bundle or separately.
Metro Redux features remakes of both games in an improved 4A Engine. While Metro Last Light Redux includes general improvements, Metro 2033 Redux has been completely remade in the Last Light engine and updated to include the same features as Metro Last Light. Metro Redux has been released for the next-generation consoles, the Xbox One and PS4, as well as PC.
This game is based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's book Metro 2033.
In 2013, nuclear war had devastated the Earth, wiping out billions of lives. Among the affected nations is Russia, including the now-desolate wasteland of Moscow. A handful of survivors manage to hide in the Metro system, salvaging spare parts and growing mushrooms for food. Animals such as rats, bears, and others are mutated into horrific monsters, while the air in many areas that humans breathe becomes heavily irradiated and impossible to survive in without a gas mask. While there is a constant state of war between the Communists and the Nazis both trying to promote their radical ideologies, bandits are stealing, killing and looting in the metro tunnels, even keeping hostages to gain bullets, which are used as currency.
Twenty years later, in 2033, the northern station of VDNKh, now called Exhibition, falls under attack by a group of mysterious creatures referred to as the Dark Ones. Artyom (Russian: Артём), a 24-year-old male survivor born before the bombs fell and the adopted son of the station commander, is persuaded to leave his home there and seek help from the rest of the Metro by Hunter, an elite soldier of the Spartan Order. Hunter gives Artyom his dog tags and tells him to present them to his superiors in Polis, the "capital" of the Metro, before disappearing while tracking the Dark Ones.
russian currency 在 CURRENCY OF RUSSIA What can you buy with 500 rubles? 的推薦與評價
If you're planning a trip to Russia, you need to think about the local currency and prepare some in advance ... ... <看更多>