資料來自一本蠻有意思的書"The tipping point "
來自美國克羅拉多州的實驗。收集了245個準備嚷小孩出養的孕婦當實驗組。同時有245個自行養育的孕婦當對照組。
然後定期追蹤他們的智力與人格發展。
1. 由原生父母養育的孩子，不意外地在智力與人格上都跟父母相似。
2. 意外的是，出養的孩子，其智力與某些人格特質，與養父母幾無相關性。
當然，這後續還有很多有趣的討論。
另外一批實驗是長期追蹤一出生就分開的雙胞胎。發現性格特質有50%以上由基因決定。但是環境也扮演了很多角色。
但是這個環境，比我們想像的複雜許多喔！
原文如下：
One of the largest and most rigorous studies of this kind, for example, is known as the Colorado Adoption Project. In the mid 1970s, a group of researchers at the University of Colorado led by Robert Plomin, one of the world’s leading behavioral geneticists, recruited 245 pregnant women from the Denver area who were about to give up their children for adoption. They then followed the children into their new homes, giving them a battery of personality and intelligence tests at regular intervals throughout their childhood and giving the same sets of tests to their adoptive parents. For the sake of comparison, the group also ran the same set of tests on a similar group of 245 parents and their biological children. For this comparison group, the results came out pretty much as one might expect. On things like measures of intellectual ability and certain aspects of personality, the biological children are fairly similar to their parents. For the adopted kids, however, the results are downright strange. Their scores have nothing whatsoever in common with their adoptive parents: these children are no more similar in their personality or intellectual skills to the people who raised them, fed them, clothed them, read to them, taught them, and loved them for sixteen years than they are to any two adults taken at random off the street.
http://pigstoe.com/…/05/the-tipping-point-malcolm-gladw…/62/
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