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【力量訓練的「訓練量」該如何設定？】

跑者的訓練量俗稱「跑量」，單位是「公里」，所以月跑量三百是指一個月總訓練距離300公里。在力量訓練圈的「訓練量」（Training Volume）常是「總反覆次數」 （Total Repetition）的同義詞；而「月總量」就是指一個月的總反覆次數，像我們會建議初跑者的月跑量最好不要超過100公里一樣，在做重訓時，有沒有一個區間可以讓大家參考呢？下面是《The System》的作者群建議：

#以下為譯文：
以剛接觸訓練的新手來說，月總量最好從750次（總反覆次數）開始；而菁英運動員的上限設在1,600次。在前蘇聯時代，我們親眼看到他們運動員以更高的月總量進行訓練。然而，我們後來也發現這跟他們使用加強運動表現的補給品有關，那使運動員能更快恢復。

總反覆次數是指在單一個週期中（這裡是指中週期）所有基本力量動作重複次數的總合。因此總反覆次數750的意思是在不同的訓練強度與動作中總共累計的次數，但這個數字不包括輔助訓練的動作。

從帳面上來看，750這個數字分配到一個月十二到十六次課表當中，看起來似乎很小，但我們這們所定的750這個數字比較像是「基本量」，而非下限，如果總反覆次數低於750下，就不會為運動員的成長帶來實質的影響。表 4.14 中的數值並不是意味著高水平或菁英運動員在四週內的總反覆次數永遠不會有低於1,000次情況發生，那只是維持成長的基本量。對運動員的恢復能力影響最大的是訓練量，因此這些範圍中比較需要注意的是上限的數值。若月總量超過上限值，恢復能力將快速到受到侵害，而且侵害的速度比任何其他因素都快。

一位菁英水準的運動員可以在一個月的時間裡完成1,000次以下的訓練，就算在恢復期也經常發生。然而，訓練新手若超過1,000次的上限，大都要承擔受傷或嚴重過度訓練的風險。

許多教練擔心他們的運動員練不夠，所以無法有效獲得力量和爆發力的進步。他們不想因為目標定得太低而有所保留，這讓他們感覺是「浪費」了一個月的訓練時間。剛開始採用這個方法來訓練時有這種感覺很自然，我們系統中的每一位教練也都曾經歷過相同的掙扎。

美國的力量教練已經把「訓練要用盡全力」當作一種信念，訓練完還有餘力好像就會覺得不夠認真。但請相信我們。我們說的方法很少失敗，也幾乎沒有過度訓練的風險，這些區間已被證明能最有效地幫助運動員進步。

在調整運動員的訓練量時，需要考慮到他們的技巧、經驗、過去的醫療史、訓練史、性別、實際年齡與訓練年齡。

我們過去的慘痛教訓可以讓你少走許多彎路。當你在訓練量的拿捏上猶豫不決時，原則是寧少勿多。寧可因量太少沒進步，也不要犯下過量訓練的錯誤。

總訓練量不包括輔助訓練或是特別針對「局部效果」的練習次數。那些動作主要是為了強化特定肌肉或是使全身力量動作能做得更好的輔助性訓練，所以我們不會把它們算在總訓練量中。
最受我們重視的力量訓練動作不只對身體的負擔很大，技術要求也很高；正因如此，我們才會嚴格限制訓練量。

雖然輔助訓練不會被計算在總訓練量裡，但你不要因此失控，開始加練很多你想練的輔助動作。永遠記住：效率第一。

#原文如下
The absolute floor of volume for a novice athlete is 750 total exercise repetitions per month, and the ceiling for the elite athlete is 1,600 total reps. During our time in the former Soviet Republics, we witnessed athletes performing even higher monthly training volumes. However, as we found later, that was often with the benefit of performance-enhancing substances that allowed for more rapid recovery.

In a single cycle, the total number of repetitions pertains to all exercises performed in the key movements. This means 750 total repetitions are spread between the different exercises among the range of training intensities we want to emphasize.

On the surface, these can seem like small numbers when we consider they may be spread out over 12 to 16 training sessions. That 750-rep total is really more like the basement rather than the floor of total volume—any less than 750 will not budge the needle on gains. That does not mean advanced or elite-level athletes will not have cycles that dip below 1,000 reps. These ranges should be more prescriptive of the ceiling of higher volumes to avoid exceeding. Pushing monthly volume beyond these ranges erodes recovery more rapidly than any other factor.

An elite-level athlete can use a month with a total volume of under 1,000 reps, as will often be the case when returning to training. However, a novice athlete can rarely exceed the 1,000-rep ceiling without risking an injury or a significant overtraining effect.

Many coaches worry their athletes will not do enough work to promote gains in strength and power. They do not want to “waste” a month by aiming too low on total volume and leaving some gains in the tank. That is a natural feeling when adopting this method, and each of us went through the same mental struggle.

Strength coaches in America are not hard-wired to accept less than maximum. However, trust us when we say that without fail, these ranges have proven to be the most effective in generating progress with almost no risk of overtraining.

Fine-tuning where your athletes fall in a volume range takes skill, experience, and consideration of their medical and training history, biological and training age, and gender.
The bloody trail of our mistakes can save you a lot of added stress: When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of less volume than too much.

The total volume number does not include accessory work or exercises of “local effect.” Those exercises are more targeted muscle strengthening or exercises to support the main movements.

We are mainly concerned about the most physically taxing exercises that demand more of an athlete’s attention to technique—hence, the volume restrictions.

Although the accessory work is not included in the volume calculations, you still cannot go wild, adding as much as you want. Always remember this: efficiency first.
(以上摘錄自原文第132~133)
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若有發現翻譯不到位或有問題的地方，非常歡迎也希望各界指正！

【過敏人生】皮膚痕發作必有原因

⭐每人對發物反應不同
⭐宜做個人飲食記錄
#星期四食材

慎防蔬菜類發物
但凡患有濕疹、瘡、疥、癬等皮膚病，長輩們都會苦口婆心叮囑不要吃牛、鵝、鴨、蝦、蟹、無鱗魚等食物，以免加重病情，這些食物中醫稱之為「發物」，發物有助邪的意思，是指能引起舊患復發、將新病加重的食物，患有暗瘡、濕疹、風疹、皮膚病或容易過敏人士要避免食用。以為多吃蔬菜就萬無一失？！其實蔬菜類亦有不少動風、助火及生痰滯氣發物，容易誘發皮膚瘡瘍腫毒，要小心留意，避免皮膚病發作。

常見蔬菜類發物：
茄子 — 為動風發物，性涼，有清熱活血，寬腸通便的功效，適合三高及有痔瘡人士食用。正因其性涼，脾胃虛寒易腹瀉，有皮膚病如濕疹或皮膚過敏、哮喘、癌症、紅斑狼瘡症患者不宜。

竹筍 — 為動風發物，性涼，具清熱化痰、利二便功效，由於筍含豐富纖維，所以具通便效果。惟注意竹筍容易透發或加重皮膚瘡瘍腫毒症狀，皮膚敏感、濕疹患者或容易出風癩者不宜吃。

菇菌 — 為動風食品，一般性平或偏涼，生長在潮濕陰暗處，屬於濕氣重的食物。

南瓜 — 為生痰滯氣發物，性溫，有補中益氣、解毒消腫、潤肺益氣、平喘化痰的功效，對久病後氣虛、乏力、便溏及脾胃虛弱尤其適合。由於屬性溫熱，本身有胃熱、濕熱、氣滯，及易有胃脹的人就要少吃。

芋頭 — 為生痰滯氣發物，性平，能健脾胃及化痰散結，適合淋巴腫大、婦女乳腺增生者服用。脾胃氣虛及有習慣性便秘等人士都適合。

洋蔥 — 為助火發物，性溫，具祛風發汗、行氣化痰、降血壓、降血脂功效，特別適合風寒感冒患者食用。便秘、發熱口渴、皮膚瘡癢、濕疹患者等不宜進食。

韭菜 — 為助火發物，性熱，具健胃暖中、溫腎助陽、散瘀活血功效，適合偏寒體質、陽虛怕冷、腰膝酸軟、男士陽事衰弱、尿頻人士；女士陽氣不足以致行經小腹冷痛食用。由於性熱，陰虛火旺者不宜食用。

薑 — 為助火發物，薑性溫，有發汗散寒、溫中止嘔的功效，對於虛寒體質如陽虛的人士尤其適合，可紓緩因風寒感冒而引起的怕冷頭痛、胃寒引起的胃痛，以及虛寒型經痛等症狀。

蔥 — 為助火發物，性溫，有發汗解表、健胃殺菌、通陽氣散陰寒的作用，能紓緩初起的風寒感冒、鼻敏感、頭痛、胃寒等症狀。體質偏熱、陰虛火旺人士不宜多吃。

蒜 — 為助火發物，性溫，具暖脾胃、行滯氣、降血脂、殺菌功效，適合感冒病人食用，能舒緩初起的風寒感冒、食滯等症狀。由於屬性溫熱，陰虛火旺、身體有偏熱症狀如口瘡、暗瘡、喉嚨痛者不宜食用。

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Beware of vegetables that are stimulating
The elders will often advise young people not to eat beef, goose, duck, prawn, crab, and fish without scales if they suffer from skin diseases like eczema, scab, scabies, and ringworm. Eating these foods, they believe, can exacerbate the problems.

According to Chinese physicians, these foods can trigger pathogenic factors to react, causing a relapse of a pre-existing condition and, to a certain extent, might worsen the problem. Individuals with acne, eczema, rubella, and sensitive skin or any skin diseases should avoid eating them.

How about vegetables? In fact, there are certain vegetables that can also induce phlegm, stagnate the qi, and lead to heat accumulation in the body, triggering old wounds to relapse. To prevent skin diseases from occurring, we have to be extra mindful.

Common stimulating vegetables:
Eggplant – wind activated stimulant. Cool in nature, can clear heat and promote blood circulation, loosen the bowels to relieve constipation. Suitable for those with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, haemorrhoids. Because of its cold nature, those with asthenic and cold spleen and stomach, those prone to diarrhea, skin diseases such as eczema or skin allergies, and those with asthma, cancer, and lupus should not eat.

Bamboo shoots - wind activated stimulant. Cool in nature, can clear heat and relieve phlegm and is healthy for urine and bowel movement. The high fibre content can relieve constipation. Please note bamboo shoot is a wind activated stimulant and can trigger skin sores issues so those skin allergy, eczema, and those prone to hives should avoid.

Mushroom - wind activated stimulant. Generally mild or cool in nature. It grows in a humid and dark place, and it has heavy dampness.

Pumpkin - food that induces phlegm and qi stagnation. Warm in nature, can replenish vital energy and strengthen qi, detoxify and relieve swelling, and moisten the lungs. It has healing effects to relieve asthma and decrease phlegm. It is especially suitable for those recovering from chronic illness with qi deficiency, those with loose stool and asthenic spleen and stomach. Although it is full of benefits and nutrients, pumpkins are warm in nature, so those with heat in stomach, damp heat, qi stagnation, or prone to abdominal bloating should avoid pumpkins.

Taro - food that induces phlegm and qi stagnation. Mild in nature, can strengthen the spleen and stomach and reduce phlegm. It is suitable for those with lymphatic swelling and eccyclomastoma. Those with asthenic spleen and stomach or chronic constipation can also have taro.

Onion - fire activated stimulant. Warm in nature, can dispel wind and promote perspiration, promote qi circulation and relieve phlegm, lower blood pressure and blood Iipids. It is especially suitable for those with cold-wind flu. Those with constipation, heat and thirst, itchy skin, sores on skin and eczema should avoid.

Chives - fire activated stimulant. Hot in nature, can warm the stomach, warm the kidneys and nourish yang, relieve bruising and promote blood circulation. Suitable for those with cold body types, yang deficiency, aversion to cold, weak and sore lower back and knees, men with frequent urination, insufficient yang qi that leads to abdominal pain. Due to its hot nature, those with asthenic yin should avoid.

Ginger - fire activated stimulant. Warm in nature, has the effects to promote perspiration and dispel cold, warm the body and relieve vomiting. It is especially suitable for those with asthenic cold body types such as yang deficiency, as it can relieve aversion to cold and headache caused by cold wind flu, stomach pain caused by cold stomach, and asthenic cold type menstrual pain.

Spring onion - fire activated stimulant. Warm in nature. Induces sweating, activates yang qi to dispel yin chill. Relieves early symptoms of wind-chill flu, nasal allergies, headaches, and cold stomach. Not suitable for those with heat-related symptoms, with yin deficiency and excessive internal heat.

Garlic - fire activated stimulant. Warm in nature, can warm both the spleen and the stomach, improve qi stagnation, and help relieve cold and flu at the initial stage. Nevertheless, individuals with heat related symptoms should not consume garlic, such as canker sores, acne and sore throat.

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#男 #女 #濕疹 #暗瘡

【蔬菜知識】買生菜你會選重身還是輕身？🥬

⭐️生菜比較少蟲蛀因為味道帶苦
⭐️但也要洗乾淨去除農藥
#星期四食材

生菜清熱消水腫
「易過食生菜」是廣東話易如反掌的意思，生菜究竟有多容易吃呢？生食熟食皆宜，生菜含水量高，纖維含量比較低，烹煮時間很短已足夠，而且易於咀嚼，的確適合大部份體質人士食用。從中醫角度來看，生菜屬性偏涼，味甘苦，有清熱生津、利尿通乳、消水腫的功效，由於苦味入心，很適合炎熱的夏天食用，因為帶苦的食物有清熱的功效。
除了常見的西生菜，其實生菜家族種類繁多，生菜是菊科萵苣屬的蔬菜，葉萵苣又分為結球、半結球和不結球形態，結球萵苣代表就是西生菜；常用來做沙律的牛油生菜和意大利生菜就是半結球萵苣；而不結球萵苣就有唐生菜及油麥菜。至於萵筍就是莖用萵苣，莖部肥大，其實也是生菜家族的成員。

生菜 — 性涼，有清熱生津、利尿通乳、消水腫的功效，適合小便不暢及水腫者食用，產後母乳不足或乳腺不通皆可適量食用。由於性涼，脾胃虛寒及尿頻者不宜多吃。

Lettuce can clear heat and reduce water retention
In Cantonese, “easier than eating lettuce” is a phrase used to describe something that can be done easily. So how easy is it to eat lettuce? Lettuce can be eaten raw or cooked, has high water content and low in fiber, does not require long hours of cooking. It is also easy to chew, making it suitable for individuals with body condition of all sorts.

From the perspective of Chinese medicine, lettuce is cool in nature, bittersweet in taste, able to clear heat, promote saliva secretion, diuresis and lactation, as well as reduce water retention. Its bitterness also makes it suitable for summer consumption, as the taste is effective in clearing body heat.

Other than the commonly known iceberg lettuce, there are many different varieties within its genus. Lettuce is from the Asteraceae family and the Lactuca genus, and the leafy lactuca (lettuce) is further divided into spherical, semi-spherical and non-spherical types. Iceberg lettuce is one of the spherical types; butter lettuce and Italian lettuce, commonly used in salad, are semi-spherical; whereas examples of non-spherical types are Chinese lettuce and Romaine lettuce. Meanwhile, the augustana variety is thick on its stem, but still belongs to the genus of lettuce.

Lettuce – cool in nature; can clear heat, promote saliva secretion, diuresis and lactation, as well as reduce water retention, suitable for individuals with urination and water retention problems. Mothers who are unable to produce sufficient breast milk after delivery should eat lettuce in an appropriate amount. Since it is cool in nature, individuals who are diuretic and experience asthenic cold in the spleen and stomach should not consume excessively.